Photochemical effect driven fluid behavior control in microscale pores and channels

Manipulating the fluid transport in the microscale pores and channels is playing a paramount role in the realization of the versatile functions of microfluidics.In recent years,using light to control the fluid behavior in the microchannels/pores has attracted many researchers'attention due to the advantages of light such as non-contact stimulation,tunable excitation,high spatial and temporal resolution.With efforts,great achievements and progresses have been achieved for photochemical effect driven microscale flow control,including fluid pumping,flow rate control,and fluid mixing,etc.In this review,we discuss the responsive mechanisms of photochemical effect driven fluid behavior control at the microscale.We also give a comprehensive review on the latest research progresses in photochemical effect controlled microfluid behaviors.Besides,prospective opportunities for the future development of light control of microscale flow are provided to attract scientific interest for the fast development and applications of various microchannel/pore systems.

隧道渗透注浆浆液流变特性与扩散机制研究

为了降低隧道穿越裂隙岩体施工的风险,探讨注浆浆液的流变行为,包括黏性、塑性等,并对比分析目前计算中常用的牛顿流体和宾汉姆流体在裂隙岩体中的扩散规律。研究表明,注浆压力、时间、裂隙宽度和浆液特性对浆液扩散效果有显著影响,注浆压力越大,注浆时间越长,裂隙宽度越大,则浆液的扩散半径越大。牛顿浆液由于其黏性浆液的特性,黏度越高则注浆压力的衰减速度越快,这是因为高黏度浆液在流动时遇到的阻力更大;宾汉姆浆液的特性表现为浆液屈服强度越大,扩散过程需要克服的阻力越大,浆液最终扩散半径越小。研究成果可为裂隙岩体海底隧道注浆材料选择与注浆效果预测评价提供参考。

High temperature and high pressure rheological properties of high-density water-based drilling fluids for deep wells

To maintain tight control over rheological properties of high-density water-based drilling fluids, it is essential to understand the factors influencing the theology of water-based drilling fluids. This paper examines temperature effects on the rheological properties of two types of high-density water-based drilling fluids （fresh water-based and brine-based） under high temperature and high pressure （HTHP） with a Fann 50SL rheometer. On the basis of the water-based drilling fluid systems formulated in laboratory, this paper mainly describes the influences of different types and concentration of clay, the content of a colloid stabilizer named GHJ-1 and fluid density on the rheological parameters such as viscosity and shear stress. In addition, the effects of aging temperature and aging time of the drilling fluid on these parameters were also examined. Clay content and proportions for different densities of brine-based fluids were recommended to effectively regulate the rheological properties. Four theological models, the Bingham, power law, Casson and H-B models, were employed to fit the rheological parameters. It turns out that the H-B model was the best one to describe the rheological properties of the high-density drilling fluid under HTHP conditions and power law model produced the worst fit. In addition, a new mathematical model that describes the apparent viscosity as a function of temperature and pressure was established and has been applied on site.

Review of Rare Earths and Fluid-Rock Interaction

As demonstrated by a great amount of geologic and experimental evidences, RE of rock systems may be mobilized during fluid-rock interaction when solutions are rich in F -, Cl -, CO 3 2-, HCO 3 -, CO 2, HPO 4 2-, HS -, S 2-, SO 4 2-, though little has been known about the mobilizing mechanism of these anions or ligands. The fractionation of RE resulted from hydrothermal alterations, i. e., fluid-rock interactions, are distinctive. One set of field data implies the preferential mobility of the LRE, while another set of field observations demonstrates the dominant mobilization of the HRE, and some theoretical prediction is not consistent with the field evidence. The Eu anomalies caused by fluid-rock interaction are complex and compelling explanation is not available due to inadequate experimental approaches. To know the exact behavior of RE during fluid-rock interaction and to solve the contradiction between some theoretical predictions and field observations, the following works remain to be done: (1) experimental investigations of RE mobility and fractionation as a function of fluid chemistry, e.g., the activity of F -, Cl -, CO 3 2-, HCO 3 -, CO 2, HPO 4 2-, HS -, S 2-, SO 4 2-, etc.; (2) experimental determination of RE mobility and fractionation as a function of T, P, pH, E h and water/rock ratios; (3) investigation of the mechanism and the controlling factors of RE partitioning between hydrothermal minerals and fluids. It was demonstrated that RE mobility is a potentially useful method for exploration.

Unsteady Flow and Structural Behaviors of Centrifugal Pump under Cavitation Conditions

Cavitation has a significant e ect on the flow fields and structural behaviors of a centrifugal pump. In this study, the unsteady flow and structural behaviors of a centrifugal pump are investigated numerically under di erent cavitation conditions. A strong two-way coupling fluid-structure interaction simulation is applied to obtain interior views of the e ects of cavitating bubbles on the flow and structural dynamics of a pump. The renormalization-group k-ε turbulence model and the Zwart–Gerbe–Belamri cavitation model are solved for the fluid side, while a transient structural dynamic analysis is employed for the structure side. The di erent cavitation states are mapped in the head-net positive suction head(H-NPSH) curves and flow field features inside the impeller are fully revealed. Results indicate that cavitating bubbles grow and expand rapidly with decreasing NPSH. In addition, the pressure fluctuations, both in the impeller and volute, are quantitatively analyzed and associated with the cavitation states. It is shown that influence of the cavitation on the flow field is critical, specifically in the super-cavitation state. The e ect of cavitation on the unsteady radial force and blade loads is also discussed. The results indicate that the averaged radial force increased from 8.5 N to 54.4 N in the transition progress from an onset cavitation state to a super-cavitation state. Furthermore, the structural behaviors, including blade deformation, stress, and natural frequencies, corresponding to the cavitation states are discussed. A large volume of cavitating bubbles weakens the fluid forces on the blade and decreases the natural frequencies of the rotor system. This study could enhance the understanding of the e ects of cavitation on pump flow and structural behaviors.

Rheological behaviors of coal slime produced by filter-pressing

It is an effective way to use coal slime as fuel for circulating fluidized bed boilers, which will not only solve its pollution to the environment, but also turn waste to treasure. In order to provide basic technical information for transportation of coal slime from the coal preparation plant to the boiler, this paper experimentally studied the rheological behaviors of coal slime produced by filter-pressing. By using a rotational viscometer, the influences of water content, temperature, and shear time on the rheological behaviors of coal slime were investigated. Experimental results show that the coal slime will behave like Bingham plastics with low water content and like Bingham pseudo-plastics with 37.5% water content,while like pseudo-plastics with 40% water content. This indicates that the water content of coal slime must be controlled in consideration of both transportation resistance and combustion efficiency. Study results also show that, the apparent viscosity of coal slime at 5℃ is about 1.5–1.7 times of that at 40℃ for water contents 32%–37.5%, while the influence of temperature can be neglected when the water content is 40%. With increasing of water content, the influences of shear time on the apparent viscosity of coal slime becomes less. When the water content is more than 30%, the effect of shear time is negligible. It indicates that water content has the most important influence on the rheological behaviors of coal slime. There must be an optimal water content in considering conveying resistance and combustion efficiency. The environmental temperature must also be considered in coal slime transportation.

Electrochemical behavior of SUS316L stainless steelafter surface modification

The surface modification for SUS316L stainless steel was carried out by electroplating Rh, ion beam assisted deposition Ta 2O 5 and sol gel derived TiO 2. In Tyrodes stimulated body fluid, the surface modified samples were investigated with electrochemical techniques. The results indicate that the electrochemical stability and dissolution are improved significantly after surface modification. Moreover, as to ion beam assisted deposition Ta 2O 5 and sol gel derived TiO 2 film, the metals d orbit electron holes filled up by the oxygen electrons make against the adsorption of hydrogen. Thus the cathode process, which is controlled by the hydrogen reduction, is held back. X ray diffraction analysis of SUS316L stainless steel after surface modification reveal that each method forms the uniform and compact film on SUS316L stainless steel. These films prevent the dissolving of elements and improve passivation property of the SUS316L stainless steel.

EFFECT OF GRAVITY FIELD ON SOLIDIFICATION BEHAVIOR OF STEEL INGOT

By means of numerical simulation. the in fluence of gravity on fluid flow,patterns has been simulated.The result shows that with the increase of inclined angle,the velocity of fluid flow decreases and the isotherms become flatter,which suppresses the evolution of channel segregation.

Shear-thinning behavior of the CaO–SiO2–CaF2–Si3N4 system mold flux and its practical application

Satisfying the mold-flux performance requirements for high-speed continuous casting necessitates the development of a new non-Newtonian-fluid mold flux with shear-thinning behavior, i.e., a mold flux whose viscosity is relatively high under lower shear rates and relatively low under higher shear rates. In this work, a mold flux that exhibits shear-thinning behavior was developed by adding different amounts of Si_3N_4 to the CaO–SiO_2–CaF_2 mold flux. The shear-thinning behavior was investigated using a rotational viscometer. In addition, the microstructure of the newly prepared slags was studied by high-temperature Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the mechanism of shear-thinning was attributable to a temporary viscosity loss caused by the one-way shear stress, whereas the corresponding magnitude of shear-thinning was closely related to the degree of polymerization(DP). Finally, the non-Newtonian fluid mold flux was used for laboratory casting tests, which revealed that the mold flux could reduce slag entrapment and positively affect the continuous casting optimization.

Heavy-organic particle deposition from petroleum fluid flow in oil wells and pipelines

Suspended asphaltenic heavy organic particles in petroleum fluids may stick to the inner walls of oil wells and pipelines. This is the major reason for fouling and arterial blockage in the petroleum industry. This report is devoted the study of the mechanism of migration of suspended heavy organic particles towards the walls in oil-producing wells and pipelines. In this report we present a detailed analytical model for the heavy organics suspended particle deposition coefficient corresponding to petroleum fluids flow production conditions in oil wells. We predict the rate of particle deposition during various turbulent flow regimes. The turbulent boundary layer theory and the concepts of mass transfer are utilized to model and calculate the particle deposition rates on the walls of flowing conduits. The developed model accounts for the eddy diffusivity, and Brownian diffusivity as well as for inertial effects. The analysis presented in this paper shows that rates of particle deposition （during petroleum fluid production） on the walls of the flowing channel due solely to diffusion effects are small. It is also shown that deposition rates decrease with increasing particle size. However, when the process is momentum controlled （large particle sizes） higher deposition rates are expected.

Nonplanar post-buckling analysis of simply supported pipes conveying fluid with an axially sliding downstream end

In this study,the nonplanar post-buckling behavior of a simply supported fluid-conveying pipe with an axially sliding downstream end is investigated within the framework of a three-dimensional(3 D)theoretical model.The complete nonlinear governing equations are discretized via Galerkin’s method and then numerically solved by the use of a fourth-order Runge-Kutta integration algorithm.Different initial conditions are chosen for calculations to show the nonplanar buckling characteristics of the pipe in two perpendicular lateral directions.A detailed parametric analysis is performed in order to study the influence of several key system parameters such as the mass ratio,the flow velocity,and the gravity parameter on the post-buckling behavior of the pipe.Typical results are presented in the form of bifurcation diagrams when the flow velocity is selected as the variable parameter.It is found that the pipe will stay at its original straight equilibrium position until the critical flow velocity is reached.Just beyond the critical flow velocity,the pipe would lose stability by static divergence via a pitchfork bifurcation,and two possible nonzero equilibrium positions are generated.It is shown that the buckling and post-buckling behaviors of the pipe cannot be influenced by the mass ratio parameter.Unlike a pipe with two immovable ends,however,the pinned-pinned pipe with an axially sliding downstream end shows some different features regarding post-buckling behaviors.The most important feature is that the buckling amplitude of the pipe with an axially sliding downstream end would increase first and then decrease with the increase in the flow velocity.In addition,the buckled shapes of the pipe varying with the flow velocity are displayed in order to further show the new post-buckling features of the pipe with an axially sliding downstream end.

稠油开采中多元热复合流体相态的研究进展

稠油的储量远超常规石油的储量,但因稠油黏度大和密度大的特点而难以开采,高效经济开发稠油已成为石油领域的研究重点。热复合开采技术是目前高效开发稠油油藏的关键技术,其中多元热复合流体的相态特征是稠油油藏开采流程设计与评价的关键。为此,从热复合开采技术中的混合气体系和稠油-气体系2个方面,系统地阐述了多元热复合流体相态的实验和理论研究现状。对于混合气体系相态,多采用静态法进行实验测试,使用状态方程结合混合规则进行理论预测,CO_(2),N_(2),H_(2)O和CH_(4)等常见气体分子组成的二元体系的相态测试趋于成熟,但缺少多元体系的测试数据与预测模型;对于稠油-气体系相态,总结了一般性实验流程与近年实验结果,提出一种加速油气相平衡的新型实验装置构想,指出目前理论预测在气体种类、注气量、气体扩散模型、二元相互作用系数等方面的不足。进而对多元热复合流体相态研究提出展望,以期促进热复合开采技术进一步的机理研究与参数优化。

高含CO_(2)凝析气藏成藏过程中的流体相行为及油环体积预测

成藏后期的CO_(2)充注导致里贝拉区块高含CO_(2)次生凝析气藏的流体相行为十分复杂,油环体积预测难度很大。本文通过流体相平衡模拟、组分梯度分布计算及CO_(2)充注可视化实验,刻画了CO_(2)充注过程中的油气相行为,揭示了油环体积的动态变化规律,建立了基于气顶气组分拟合的高含CO_(2)次生凝析气藏油环体积预测新方法。研究结果表明:1)CO_(2)充注下的油环体积变化分为4个阶段:充注初期,油环以溶胀为主;充注前期,CO_(2)不断置换并萃取油相中的轻质组分,油环体积迅速降低;充注中期,CO_(2)持续萃取油相的轻、中质组分,油环体积缓慢减小;充注后期,CO_(2)-原油组分传质作用明显减弱,压缩效应导致油环体积进一步减小。2)轻质组分的强流动性使气顶气组成均一,重力分异作用使纵向上油环组分呈梯度变化。3)油环体积与气顶气组成和气油比密切相关。4)基于气顶气拟合新方法和不同井深现场勘探预测的油环体积占比分别为19.21%和22.30%,与CO_(2)充注可视化实验获得的油环体积占比(20.60%)较为吻合。

非常规储层微纳米孔隙介质中流体相态研究进展

非常规油气储层具有岩石骨架颗粒小、比表面积大、微纳米孔隙发育的特点,流体与孔隙介质间存在着诸多复杂的界面效应问题,影响微纳米孔隙介质中流体的相态变化规律。对于受限域流体,经典油气相态理论方法忽略分子间相互作用及界面效应的影响,预测微纳米孔隙介质中流体相变特征存在偏差。为了更全面地揭示油气在受限空间中的相态特征及其微观作用机理,总结当前微纳米孔隙介质中流体相态研究技术现状,详细阐述微观实验测试、相态理论模型和分子模拟3种主流技术方法,指出3种技术各自的优缺点,并对未来流体相态研究技术提出展望。分析认为:微观实验测试方法可通过研究流体热力学参数的变化来确定流体相变点,由于实验误差、人为误差等原因,需与理论计算相结合;相态理论模型方法可通过改进临界参数场、考虑流体与孔壁界面作用、考虑相间毛管压力修正相平衡判据方程等方法建立纳米孔隙空间相态理论模型,但是由于没有综合考虑界面效应带来的影响且缺乏有力的实验数据支撑,难以推广应用;分子模拟方法能在分子尺度上揭示流体分子的相行为,但现有研究主要围绕小分子展开,并且与流体发生相变时的临界参数结合得较少。后续研究应以多界面效应耦合影响的微纳米孔隙介质中油气流体相变特征为研究对象,以微观实验、理论模型和分子模拟为技术手段,为描述微纳米孔隙介质中流体相态提供合理的实验测试手段和可靠的理论计算模型。

Global Well-Posedness and Large-Time Behavior to the 3D Two-Fluid Model with Degenerate Viscosities

In the paper, we study a compressible two-fluid model in ℝ3, where γ±>1. The pressure of the two fluids is equal. Different from previous research, we consider that viscosity coefficient both μand λare functions of density. The global well-posedness of the three-dimensional compressible two-phase flow model is an open problem due to its dissipative, nonlinear structure. In the paper, setting m±=M±and Z=P−P¯, by exploiting the dissipation structure, we obtain energy estimates for (Z,w,n)and its derivatives, then we obtain the time decay rates for (Z,w,n). So we derive global well-posedness and large time behavior to the three dimensional compressible two-fluid model.

Analytical Study of the Electroosmotic Flow of Two Immiscible Power-Law Fluids in a Microchannel

The multilayer microchannel flow is a promising tool in microchannel-based systems such as hybrid microfluidics. To assist in the efficient design of two-liquid pumping system, a two-fluid electroosmotic flow of immiscible power-law fluids through a microtube is studied with consideration of zeta potential difference near the two-liquid interface. The modified Cauchy momentum equation in cylindrical coordinate governing the two-liquid velocity distributions is solved where both peripheral and inner liquids are represented by power-law model. The two-fluid velocity distribution under the combined interaction of power-law rheological effect and circular wall effect is evaluated at different viscosities and different electroosmotic characters of inner and peripheral power-law fluids. The velocity of inner flow is a function of the viscosities, electric properties and electroosmotic characters of two power-law fluids, while the peripheral flow is majorly influenced by the viscosity, electric property and electroosmotic characters of peripheral fluid. Irrespective of the configuration manner of power-law fluids, the shear thinning fluid is more sensitive to the change of other parameters.

可降解医用Zn-3Al-1Mg合金的体外腐蚀行为和力学性能

采用热挤压方法制备了管状Zn-3Al-1Mg合金,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及拉伸、压缩测试等方法研究了铸态和挤压态管状Zn-3Al-1Mg合金的微观组织与力学性能同时,利用浸泡试验、电化学测试、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)研究了挤压态管状Zn-3Al-1Mg合金在模拟体液(SBF)溶液中的腐蚀行为结果表明:铸态及挤压态合金均由η-Zn,α-Al及Mg2Zn11三相组成,挤压态合金的微观组织明显细化,且力学性能明显优于铸态合金的力学性能挤压态合金在模拟体液中的腐蚀速率为015~028 mm/a腐蚀形貌分析结果揭示了不同物相间的微电偶腐蚀机制,腐蚀产物包括Zn/Al/Mg的氧化物、氢氧化物,以及Ca,P和Zn/Al/Mg相结合产生的磷酸盐、碳酸盐结合电化学测试结果,对挤压态合金的腐蚀过程和腐蚀机理进行了分析.

激光熔化沉积TiC/TC4复合材料热-流行为及陶瓷颗粒分布状态

颗粒增强钛基复合材料在航空航天等领域具有广阔的应用前景,采用仿真与试验相结合的方法,对激光熔化沉积TiC/TC4复合材料过程中的热-流行为和沉积层中陶瓷颗粒的分布状态进行了研究.结果表明,工艺参数对熔池的热-流行为及沉积层形貌具有显著的影响,熔池表面的流体流动呈波纹状,熔融金属从熔池中心向四周流动;熔池底部等温面上熔融金属从四周流向熔池底部,并出现漩涡现象.在激光熔化沉积过程中,TiC颗粒穿透熔池表面的Marangoni对流区,在熔池中与流体交互作用,最终在沉积层中出现沉积层中上方部位团聚、沉积层中下方部位团聚、沉积层中均匀分布等分布状态.

稀疏颗粒流体系统的微极流体模型描述:以顶盖驱动方腔流为例

因粒子和流体介质属性不同,稀疏颗粒流体系统常表现出相反的流动增强和减弱行为.为基于一组方程描述稀疏颗粒流体系统相反的流动行为,文章推荐了微极流体模型,并通过对微结构参数(耦合数和无量纲特征长度)的全面分析,尝试给出描述不同流动行为的参数区间.首先,梳理微极流体模型和微结构参数的物理意义,基于OpenFOAM库建立了微极流体控制方程的有限体积离散求解方案,并在一维微极泊肃叶流动中验证了其准确性.随后,基于顶盖驱动方腔流,开展了大范围微结构参数组合下的流体动力学行为计算,分析各微结构参数及其组合对流体速度、微转动、动能以及总能的影响规律.结果表明微极流体模型能够描述稀疏颗粒流体系统呈现的流动增强和减弱行为,且存在一个微结构参数临界区间,当耦合数和无量纲特征长度的乘积N·L<20.48时,微极流体模型可描述流动减弱现象;当N·L>28.16时,可描述流动增强现象.微极流体模型较完备的物理参数使得其在描述不同颗粒流体系统行为时更具普适性,有望扩展颗粒流体系统研究的理论基础.

考虑双向流固耦合的洪水作用下穿越河流管道力学行为分析

为了解决洪水作用下穿越河流管道单向流固耦合未考虑管道对洪水影响而导致结果不准确的问题,提出洪水-管道双向流固耦合有限元计算模型,基于该模型开展不同因素下管道应力、位移和振动频率的力学行为分析。研究结果表明:管道应力、位移与洪水流速、悬空长度呈强正相关,管道存在屈服破坏和变形破坏的风险,且输油管道尤其明显;管道涡激振动频率与洪水流速、悬空长度呈强相关,这2个因素增大导致管道共振风险增大,且输气管道尤其明显;涡激振动引起的交变荷载导致管道累计损伤,管道存在疲劳破坏的风险。因此,管道设计时应采取预防性措施以应对洪水灾害,特别关注洪水流速、悬空长度和输送介质的影响,以避免管道发生破坏。研究结果对穿越河流管道的安全评价及可靠性研究具有参考价值。