Influence of Forward Speed on the Lateral Vibration of a Slender Structure in Water

In this paper,the effects of forward speed on the lateral vibration of a slender structure in an infinite fluid are considered.By equating the bending stress of the structure with the hydrodynamic force acting on it,the equation which governs the fluid-structure interaction of a slender structure both vibrating and moving in water is obtained.Numerical results show that the influence of forward speed on the vibration of a slender structure in water is significant.It behaves like damping,reducing both natural frequencies and responses significantly.

Effects of hurricane forward speed and approach angle on storm surges: an idealized numerical experiment

The effects of hurricane forward speed(V)and approach angle(θ)on storm surge are important and a systematic investigation covering possible and continuous ranges of these parameters has not been done before.Here we present such a study with a numerical experiment using the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model(FVCOM).The hurricane track is simplified as a straight line,such that V andθfully define the motion of the hurricane.The maximum surge is contributed by both free waves and a forced storm surge wave moving with the hurricane.Among the free waves,Kelvin-type waves can only propagate in the down-coast direction.Simulations show that those waves can only have a significant positive storm surge when the hurricane velocity has a down-coast component.The optimal values of V andθthat maximize the storm surge in an idealized semi-circular ocean basin are functions of the bathymetry.For a constant bathymetry,the maximum surge occurs when the hurricane approaches the coast from the normal direction when the free wave generation is minimal;for a stepped bathymetry,the maximum surge occurs at a certain acute approach angle which maximizes the duration of persistent wind forcing;a step-like bathymetry with a sloped shelf is similar to the stepped bathymetry,with the added possibility of landfall resonance when the free and forced waves are moving at about the same velocity.For other cases,the storm surge is smaller,given other parameters(hurricane size,maximum wind speed,etc.)unchanged.

Time-Domain Higher-Order Boundary Element Method for Simulating High Forward-Speed Ship Motions in Waves

The hydrodynamic performance of a high forward-speed ship in obliquely propagating waves is numerically examined to assess both free motions and wave field in comparison with a low forward-speed ship.This numerical model is based on the time-domain potential flow theory and higher-order boundary element method,where an analytical expression is completely expanded to determine the base-unsteady coupling flow imposed on the moving condition of the ship.The ship in the numerical model may possess different advancing speeds,i.e.stationary,low speed,and high speed.The role of the water depth,wave height,wave period,and incident wave angle is analyzed by means of the accurate numerical model.It is found that the resonant motions of the high forward-speed ship are triggered by comparison with the stationary one.More specifically,a higher forward speed generates a V-shaped wave region with a larger elevation,which induces stronger resonant motions corresponding to larger wave periods.The shoaling effect is adverse to the motion of the low-speed ship,but is beneficial to the resonant motion of the high-speed ship.When waves obliquely propagate toward the ship,the V-shaped wave region would be broken due to the coupling effect between roll and pitch motions.It is also demonstrated that the maximum heave motion occurs in beam seas for stationary cases but occurs in head waves for high speeds.However,the variation of the pitch motion with period is hardly affected by wave incident angles.

ON THE 3-D PULSATING SOURCE OF MICHELL TYPE WITH FORWARD SPEED

An expression of the 3-D pulsating source of Michell type with forward speed for infinite water depth is derived in the present paper based on the Fourier transformation and contour integration technique. Emphases are laid on the discussion of the mechanical feature of the source and the radiation behavior far from the source. The relative importance of each components of the pulsating source is discussed in detail. Compared with the commonly used pulsating source of Haskind type, the present expression has the merits of simplicity for numerical treatment and being more meaningful in its physical explanation. The Michell type expression of the 3-D pulsating source with forward speed can be widely used for the estimation of motions and wave forces for ships and offshore structures in waves with forward speed. The radiative behavior of the source in the far field may also give a reasonabel description of the radiation condition or the open boundary condition for other numerical methods, such as the Rankine source method etc.

Retard function and ship motions with forward speed in time-domain

The time-domain calculations of retard function and ship motions in waves by the direct time-domain method （DTM） and the frequency to time-domain transformation method （FTTM） are compared and analyzed. A Wigley-hull-form ship and an $60 ship moving in waves are examined, and the corresponding retard functions are in good agreement with those given by DTM and FTTM. The comparison of retard functions in different forward speeds by the two methods is observed, and the results of ship motions in forward speed are also compared with the experimental data. On this basis, the advantage and disadvantage of them are discussed.

Mechanical Properties of the Glue on Forward Roll Coating

The mechanical properties of the glue have great effects on the forward roll coating,which are analyzed here. The analysis shows that liquid viscosity,up and down rollers' speeds,diameters and the size of their gap have major impacts on coating property.The pressure and the shear force increase with the increases of the roll rotation speed,the radii and the viscosity of the glue,while decrease with the increase of the size of the roller gap. At a position of about 0. 8 mm from the nip symmetry axis by removing dimensionality,the pressure produces a maximum or minimum value,and the direction of the shear force changes.

A Time-Domain Numerical Simulation for Free Motion Responses of Two Ships Advancing in Head Waves

The constant panel method within the framework of potential flow theory in the time domain is developed for solving the hydrodynamic interactions between two parallel ships with forward speed.When solving problems within a time domain framework,the free water surface needs to simultaneously satisfy both the kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions of the free water surface.This provides conditions for adding artificial damping layers.Using the Runge−Kutta method to solve equations related to time.An upwind differential scheme is used in the present method to deal with the convection terms on the free surface to prevent waves upstream.Through the comparison with the available experimental data and other numerical methods,the present method is proved to have good mesh convergence,and satisfactory results can be obtained.The constant panel method is applied to calculate the hydrodynamic interaction responses of two parallel ships advancing in head waves.Numerical simulations are conducted on the effects of forward speed,different longitudinal and lateral distances on the motion response of two modified Wigley ships in head waves.Then further investigations are conducted on the effects of different ship types on the motion response.

高速列车顶层设计指标分解研究现状与展望

顶层设计指标分解是决定高速列车正向设计周期长短和成功与否的首要环节.首先,在阐述运输能力、安全舒适、绿色环保、经济性等高速列车顶层设计指标的基础上,从系统结构组成、运行边界条件以及大系统耦合作用等角度提出高速列车顶层设计指标分解所面临的技术挑战;然后,论述设计指标分解方法、设计指标分解关联模型和设计指标分解协调策略3个方面研究现状,并分析现有方法的不足与新需求;最后,展望群落生态学在高速列车顶层设计指标分解中的适用性,剖析基于群落生态学的高速列车顶层设计指标分解将会面临的关键问题,并给出相应的解决技术路线,以期为高速列车顶层设计指标分解的深入研究和实践提供参考.

Track-Monitoring and Analyzing Machine Clearances during Wood Forwarding

This article reports on track-monitoring and analyzing machine clearances during wood forwarding across seasons and weather, using ultrasonic distance sensors in combination with time-stamped GPS xy locations, at 10 sec intervals. The resulting data, obtained from 54 harvesting blocks, were analyzed by machine type (two wood forwarders and one grapple skidder), stand type (softwood plantation versus natural hardwood stands), month, slope, cartographic depth-to-water (DTW) classes, number of passes along track, and machine speed. For the most part, clearances were highly variable, due to passing over stumps, rocks, harvest slash, brushmats, ruts, and snow cover when present. This variability was on average greater for the lighter-weight wood forwarders than for the heavier-weight skidder, with the former mostly moving along equally spaced lines on brushmats, while the paths of the latter spread away from central wood-landing sites. In terms of trends, machines moved 1) more slowly on wet ground, 2) faster during returning than forwarding, and 3) fastest along wood-landing roads, as to be expected. Low clearances were most notable during winter on snow-covered ground, and on non-frozen shallow DTW and wet multiple-pass ground. During dry weather conditions, clearances also increased from low-pass tracks to multi-pass tracks due to repeat soil compaction of broadened tracks. These results are presented block-by-block and by machine type. Each block-based clearance frequency pattern was quantified through regression analysis and using a gamma probability distribution function.

无人战车轮毂电机稳定性控制策略研究

为了降低无人战车轮毂电机外部受到的大负载扰动提出了基于滑模负载转矩观测器的自抗扰控制(Active Dis-turbance Rejection Control,ADRC)策略,可以即时观测负载扰动变化,并将观测到的负载转矩变化前馈至转矩电流中,从而提升了速度控制系统的响应速度、减小了转矩波动。利用Simulink软件仿真,对滑模速度控制、滑模负载转矩观测器及ADRC速度环控制进行了对比分析。根据仿真结果可知,该模型平稳度高、系统抗扰能力强。

电机正反转及变频调速控制方案设计及优化

以某化工企业的科研开发项目为例,针对该项目进、卸料的传输速度、精准控制和远程操作控制等要求,利用变频器特有功能、电气设备的自动化控制原理优化设计了1种新的现场、分散控制系统(DCS)物料输送控制程序,控制电机正、反转的同时又能在正反转的过程中使用变频调节转速,实现该项目开发过程进、卸的精准控制,节约人力成本、降低物料损耗。该设计方案简单可靠、适用范围广泛,可为业内企业相关产品开发提供借鉴。

采煤机截割轨迹自动跟踪系统的设计

为解决采煤机依靠人工控制存在的效率低、安全性差的问题,在对采煤机轨迹跟踪自动调高原理分析的基础上,确定了截割轨迹自动跟踪系统的采样周期和进刀方式,提出了基于多传感器对采煤机的截割状态监测的方案,并为其配套设计了自动跟踪控制模块,验证了基于速度前馈模糊PID控制策略的控制效果.

考虑航速及自由液面影响的声介质中三维结构水弹性力学研究

基于Wu建立的带航速三维水弹性理论,采用考虑自由液面效应的理想可压流体Green函数,提出了带航速和考虑自由液面的声介质中三维水弹性结构声辐射计算方法。对THAFTS三维水弹性计算程序进行修改,得到声介质中三维水弹性计算程序。针对无限大流体中的静态弹性球壳结构声辐射模型进行一系列数值计算,通过与解析结果的比较,验证了该计算方法和计算程序的正确性。进一步计算不同潜深、不同航速下弹性球壳的结构声辐射,以此为基础对该计算方法和计算程序进行进一步考核,同时分析了航速和自由液面对水下结构声辐射的影响。

联合收获机前进速度的模型参考模糊自适应控制系统

以切纵流联合收获机为研究对象,设计了一种基于联合收获机前进速度的模型参考模糊自适应控制系统,建立了融合多个变量的自适应控制参考模型和模糊控制规则。研制了联合收获机前进速度控制装置,并进行了田间水稻收获试验。试验表明,与普通模糊控制相比,所设计的模型参考模糊自适应控制系统可以实现对联合收获机的自适应控制,能够有效地降低操作人员的作业强度,提高田间收获效率。

联合收获机前进速度灰色预测模糊控制系统

分析了联合收获机的工作过程,针对其工作过程中的非线性、时变、大滞后特性,提出了采用灰色预测模糊控制方法对联合收获机的前进速度进行自动控制,使其负荷保持稳定。分析了预测控制和模糊控制相结合的必要性和重要性,设计了基于灰色预测模糊控制的联合收获机前进速度控制装置,建立了灰色预测模糊控制模型,并进行了仿真和试验。仿真结果表明,运用灰色预测模糊控制算法能使控制系统的调整时间更短、超调量更小、控制性能更加优越。

轮胎胎压和车速对无悬架拖拉机横向乘坐振动特性的影响

为研究轮胎胎压和行驶速度对驾驶员横向乘坐振动特性的影响,该文以两轮驱动式无悬架国产拖拉机为研究对象,建立无悬架拖拉机横向-垂向平面三自由度模型,通过仿真和试验相结合,分别获取不同轮胎胎压和行驶速度下拖拉机座椅处横向加速度功率谱密度、横向加速度均方值以及总加权加速度均方根值,并分析各自的影响规律。结果表明:拖拉机座椅处横向固有频率试验值与理论计算值的最大相对误差为4.67%,座椅处横向加速度均方根试验值随后轮胎胎压和速度的变化规律与仿真是一致的,且试验值比仿真值要小,其相对误差最大值为5.26%,误差均在可接受范围内,表明建立的理论和仿真模型是可行的;前轮胎压的变化对两轮驱动式拖拉机乘坐横向振动特性的影响不大;当轮胎胎压不变时,试验获取的拖拉机座椅处总加权加速度均方根值随行驶速度的增大而增大;当行驶速度不变时,总加权加速度均方根值随后轮胎压的增大而波浪式增大。该研究为拖拉机多维减振悬架系统的设计提供参考。

联合收获机前进速度模糊控制系统多目标遗传优化

针对联合收获机前进速度模糊控制系统参数设计具有主观性,导致作业性能不理想的问题,以切纵流联合收获机样机为研究对象,构建联合收获机前进速度模糊控制系统仿真模型,并建立控制性能和收获性能的优化目标函数来衡量联合收获机的作业性能,利用多目标遗传算法对模糊控制系统的隶属函数和输送槽、割台螺旋输送器和切流滚筒对前进速度的影响因子进行优化。通过对优化前后模型仿真对比和两组田间试验数据分析,表明优化后的控制系统在受外界干扰情况下控制性能得到了较好的保持,收获性能在喂入量变化不大情况下,单位平均损失率分别由1.45%和1.26%降至1.12%和1.14%,联合收获机的总体作业性能得到改善。

三硬条件下孤岛工作面安全推进速度研究

为保证三硬条件下孤岛工作面安全高效开采,采用理论计算方法分析了工作面推进速度对冲击地压的影响机理,采用实验室试验及数值模拟试验的方法分析了不同加载速率下煤体的力学特性;数值模拟方法分析了工作面开采速度对超前应力分布的影响,其结果与理论分析结果吻合。以数值模拟得出的应力为基础,计算了巷道围岩弹性能分布情况,结果表明:三硬条件下孤岛工作面安全推进速度应小于3.6 m/d。现场微震事件结果与理论计算和数值模拟结果一致,说明工作面推进速度应小于3.6 m/d是合理的。

抑制载荷的风力机扰动前馈与预测反馈复合控制

针对实际作用在风力机上的有效风速难以测量的问题,设计Kalman滤波器,通过对风轮气动转矩的最优估计及其与风速的关系,对风速进行递推计算。优化抑制扰动的前馈控制律,减小湍流风对风力机性能的不利影响。同时,以风轮转速的平稳性和塔顶位移的最小化为优化控制目标,设计了变桨距预测控制器。在Matlab平台上,使用5MW风力机的数据,进行仿真实验。结果表明,前馈控制与预测反馈控制相结合的复合控制,可有效地抑制扰动,减小风力机机械部件的疲劳载荷,改善整机性能,延长风力机寿命。

特厚煤层大采高综放工作面煤壁片帮机理及控制

针对不连沟煤矿F6202大采高综放工作面煤壁片帮严重的问题,通过现场调研观测,根据煤壁片帮位置,总结并分析了回采过程中煤壁片帮的基本特征。进一步分析了顶板结构、液压支架工作阻力及工作面推进速度对煤壁片帮程度的影响。研究表明:顶板形成的"下位组合悬臂梁-上位砌体梁"结构中组合悬臂梁失稳断裂引起煤壁上方"反弹区"向煤壁冲击,以及支架工作阻力偏小、工作面推进速度过快引发组合悬臂梁结构强度伪增强而积聚更多应变能瞬间释放是导致大采高综放条件下煤壁片帮的重要因素,增大液压支架工作阻力能够降低煤壁片帮程度。提出了"煤层注水、适当减缓工作面推进速度、提高液压支架工作阻力"的片帮综合治理方案;工程实践表明,治理后煤壁片帮频次和日片帮深度均值较之前大幅减小,取得良好片帮治理效果。