大蒜(Allium sativum L.)及大蒜素(Garlicin)作为添加剂(Additives)在水产养殖业中的应用

大蒜具有多种生物学功能。大蒜素是大蒜提取液中主要生物活性成分的总称。作者简要概述大蒜及大蒜素作为添加剂在水产养殖业中的应用。

Clinical and Experimental Study on Effect of Garlicin in Treating Angina Pectorls

Objective: To observe the effect and mechanism of Garlicin in treating coronary heart disease (CHD) with angina pectoris. Methods: Clinical study: 55 patients were selected and randomized into the Garlicin group and the nitroglycerin group. To Garlicin group, 60 mg of Garlicin was given by adding in 5% glucose solution for intravenous dripping once per day, the therapeutic course

Effects of garlicin on apoptosis in rat model of colitis

AIM： To investigate the effects of garlicin on apoptosis and expression of bcl-2 and bax in lymphocytes in rat model of ulcerative colitis （UC）. METHODS： Healthy adult Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes, weighing 180±30 g, were employed in the present study. The rat model of UC was induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid （TNBS） enema. The experimental animals were randomly divided into garlicin treatment group （including high and low concentration）, model control group, and normal control group. Rats in garlicin treatment group and model control group received intracolic garlicin daily at doses of 10.0 and 30.0 mg/kg and equal amount of saline respectively 24 h after colitis model was induced by alcohol and TNBS co-enema. Rats in normal control group received neither alcohol nor only TNBS but only saline enema in this study. On the 28^th d of the experiment, rats were executed, the expression of bd-2 and bax protein was determined immunohistochemically and the apoptotic cells were detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate fluorescence nick end labeling （TUNEL） method. At the same time, the rat colon mucosal damage index （CMDI） was calculated. RESULTS： In garlicin treatment group, the positive expression of bcl-2 in lymphocytes decreased and the number of apoptotic cells was more than that in model control group, CMDI was lower than that in model control group. The positive expression of bax in lymphocytes had no significant difference. CONCLUSION： Garlicin can protect colonic mucosa against damage in rat model of UC induced by TNBS enema.

雏鸡出生期无抗复合保健品的研制及应用效果研究

为研制雏鸡出生期无抗复合保健品,将60只1日龄雏鸡随机分为实验组和对照组,每组30只。实验组在2~5日龄期间在饮水中添加用液体大蒜素、黄芪多糖、多种维生素、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌配制的无抗复合保健品作保健;对照组以黄芪多糖、多种维生素和恩诺沙星做保健。测定2组雏鸡在15日龄时的生长性能、脏体比(心、肝、脾、法氏囊)、盲肠中部分细菌(大肠杆菌、乳酸菌、双歧杆菌)数量,以及2、6、10、15日龄时粪便菌群的形态变化。结果表明,与抗菌药保健相比,无抗复合保健品对雏鸡的生长性能和脏体比没有显著影响(P>0.05),但对粪便菌群组成和盲肠中双歧杆菌数量(P<0.05)有明显改善作用。这说明本研究开发的无抗复合保健品可以替代抗菌药用于雏鸡出生期的保健。

The Preventive Effect of Garlicin on A Porcine Model of Myocardial Infarction Reperfusion No-reflow

Objective： To evaluate whether garlicin can prevent reperfusion no-reflow in a catheter-based porcine model of acute myocardial infarction （AMI）. Methods： Twenty-two male Chinese mini swines were randomized into 3 groups： sham-operation group （n=6）, control group （n=8）, and garlicin group （n=8）. The distal part of left anterior descending coronary artery （LAD） in swines of the latter two groups was completely occluded by dilated balloon for 2 h and a successful AMI model was confirmed by coronary angiography （CAG） and electrocardiograph （ECG）, which was then reperfused for 3 h. In the sham-operation group, balloon was placed in LAD without dilatation. Garlicin at a dosage of 1.88 mg/kg was injected 10 min before LAD occlusion until reperfusion for 1 h in the garlicin group. To assess serial cardiac function, hemodynamic data were examined by catheter method before AMI, 2 h after occlusion and 1, 2, and 3 h after reperfusion. Myocardial contrast echocardiography （MCE） and double staining with Evans blue and thioflavin-S were performed to evaluate myocardial no-reflow area （NRA） and risk area （RA）. Results： Left ventricular systolic pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure significantly improved in the garlicin group after reperfusion compared with the control group （P〈0.05） and 2 h after AMI （P〈0.05）. MCE showed garlicin decreased reperfusion NRA after AMI compared with the control group （P〈0.05）. In double staining, NRNRA in the garlicin group was 18.78%, significantly lower than that of the control group （49.84%, P〈0.01）. Conclustions： Garlicin has a preventive effect on the porcine model of myocardial infarction reperfusion no-reflow by improving hemodynamics and decreasing NRA.

Garlicin Post-conditioning Suppresses Adhesion Molecules in Porcine Model of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Objective: To evaluate whether garlicin post-conditioning can attenuate myocardial ischemiareperfusion injury in a catheter-based porcine model of acute myocardial infarction(AMI) by affecting adhesion molecules integrin β1/CD29 and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1(PECAM-1/CD31). Methods: Twenty-two swine were devided into 3 groups: 6 in a sham-operation group, and 8 each in the model and garlicin groups. AMI porcine model was established in the model and garlicin groups. The distal parts of the left anterior descending coronary artery in the animals of the model and garlicin groups were occluded by dilated balloon for 2 h, followed by reperfusion for 3 h. Garlicin(1.88 mg/kg) was injected over a period of 1 h, beginning just before reperfusion, in the garlicin group. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and Western blot were carried out to detect mRNA and protein expressions of CD29 and CD31 3 h after reperfusion. Results: Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed a better myocardial structure in the garlicin group after reperfusion. Compared to the model group, garlicin inhibited both the mRNA and protein expression of CD29 and CD31 in reperfusion area and no-reflow area(both P<0.05). Conclusions: Garlicin post-conditioning induced cardio-protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in this catheter-based porcine model of AMI. The cardio-protective effect of garlicin is possibly owing to suppression of production of CD29 and CD31, by inhibition of the m RNA expression of CD29 and CD31.

Clinical Study on Effect of Garlicin in Stabilizing the Carotid Artery Atherosclerotic Plaque in Patients with Primary Hypertension and Coronary Artery Disease

Objective： To investigate the effect of garlicin in treating carotid artery atherosclerotic plaque （OAAP） in patients with primary hypertension and coronary heart disease （PHT-OHD）. Methods： Seventynine patients with PHT-OHD were randomly divided into the treated group （39 patients） treated with garlicin and fosinopril and the control group （40 patients） treated with fosinopril alone. The change of OAAP was evaluated by high frequency ultrasonic examination every six months, and the changes of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （IOAM-1） and high sensitive O-reactive protein （hs-ORP） were measured by ELISA, with the observation proceeding for 52 weeks totally. Results： By the end of the experiment, the number of complex plaques, Orouse integrals, intima-media thickness, serum IOAM-1 and hs-ORP were significantly lower in the treated group than those in the control group with significant difference （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Garlicin could stabilize CAAP to a certain extent and shows a definite vascular protective effect in patients with PHT-CHD.

Effects of Garlicin on Unstable Angina Pectoris and Its Relationship with Blood Lipid and Granule Membrane Protein-140

Objective: To observe the clinical effects of Garlicin on unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and explore how the Garlicin's effects vary among syndromes as defined by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).Methods: Fifty-five patients with UAP were randomly divided into the Garlicin group (34 patients) and the control group (21 patients). Each patient was classified according to TCM Syndrome Differentiation as having Cold Syndrome type, Heat Syndrome type, severe blood stasis (SBS) type, and mild blood stasis (MBS) type of UAP. Garlicin 60 mg or nitroglycerin 5 mg was given to the two groups respectively by intravenous drip for 10days as one therapeutic course. The curative effect was evaluated by symptomatic changes and electrocardiogram. The effective rates as well as indexes such as blood lipid, lipoprotein, apolipoprotein, and granule membrane protein-140 (GMP-140) were compared between groups and types. Results: Garlicin and nitroglycerin group did not differ significantly in effective rate, while that of Garlicin group was higher for the Cold Syndrome type than that of Heat Syndrome type (P < 0. 01 ). The high density lipoprotein/low density lipoprotein ratio and apolipoprotein A- I level rose markedly in the former type (P < 0. 05), while an opposite trend was seen in the Heat Syndrome type. Garlicin was more effective in the SBS type than that in the MBS type, and it markedly decreased GMP-140 in the MBS type. Conclusions: Garlicin is effective in UAP, especially the Cold Syndrome and SBS types. Its mechanism may involve improving blood lipid levels and inhibiting platelet activation.

A Clinical Study of Garlicin in Treating Acute Cerebral Infarction

Objective: To evaluate the effect of garlicin in treating acute cerebral infarction.Methods: One hundred and one patients of acute cerebral infarction diagnosed by CT were treated with garlicin (garlicin group) and compared with another group of 53 patients treated with ligustrazine (control group). The neurologic deficiency score and neurologic function score were used for evaluation of effect.Results: The effective rates of garlicin and ligustrazine were 89. 36% and 84. 85% respectively. The improvement scores of neurologic function were 18.46±10.69 and 11.94 ± 6.79 respectively. The difference between the two groups was significant. Before treatment the serum level of MDA in the garlicin group was 6.015 ±1.26 nmol/ml, and it decreased to 4. 87 ± 1.16 nmol/ml after treatment, the change being more significant than that of the control group (from 6.02 ±0.73 nmol/ml to 6.47 ±1.04 nmol/ml). The rheological parameters and cerebral blood flow were also improved after garlicin treatment.Conclusion: Garlicin could increase the perfusion flow of brain, improve the microcirculation, and scavenge free radicals so as to relieve the ischemia and reperfusion injury of the brain.

硫酸钡吸光比浊法检测大蒜素影响因素分析

目的基于硫酸钡吸光比浊法,提出一种大蒜废水中大蒜素的检测方法。方法通过单因素试验和L_(9)(3^(4))正交试验确定影响测定因素的主次关系和最佳测定条件,通过精密度试验及加标回收试验,验证方法的重现性和准确性。结果最佳测定参数为波长为415 nm,质量浓度10%BaCl_(2)溶液5 mL,pH=1,质量浓度2%聚乙烯醇溶液1 mL,稳定时间15 min,吸光度与硫酸根离子质量浓度呈线性关系,y=0.0301x+0.001;相关系数大于0.99。标准曲线的加标回收率为98%~99%,相对标准偏差为1.4%。结论改进后的硫酸钡吸光比浊法具有较高的重现性和准确性,方法简便快捷,可以满足用户对大蒜废水的快速检测需求。

大蒜多糖的酶法提取及其抗氧化性研究

本实验研究了大蒜多糖的提取方法,结果表明,采用纤维素酶解可显著提高多糖提取率,在加酶量5%,pH值5.0,酶解温度50℃时,提取1.5h,提取率达20.54%。本实验进一步对大蒜多糖的抗氧化性进行了测定,并与大蒜素进行了对比。结果显示,大蒜多糖具有清除超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基的能力,且在较高浓度下强于大蒜素,而大蒜素的还原能力则强于大蒜多糖。

大蒜素治疗大鼠卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的研究

目的 研究大蒜素对大鼠卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎 (PCP)的治疗效果。 方法 地塞米松连续肌肉注射Wistar大鼠 8周 ,建立大鼠PCP动物模型。用大蒜素治疗实验大鼠 ,同时设复方新诺明治疗对照组和PCP模型空白对照组。通过各组大鼠肺重、肺重 /体重比值、肺印片中每 10 0个油镜视野肺孢子虫包囊均数等指标考核疗效。 结果 大蒜素治疗组大鼠平均肺重为 1.73± 0 .17、肺重 /体重比值为 0 .84± 0 .12 ,显著低于PCP模型对照组的 2 .3 1± 0 .3 5、1.2 5± 0 .3 5 (P<0 .0 1)。肺印片中包虫数较PCP模型对照组减少 62 .9% ,其与复方新诺明治疗对照组接近。 结论 大蒜素对实验大鼠卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎有明显的治疗作用 ,治疗效果接近复方新诺明。

韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫对挥发性物质的嗅觉反应及不同杀虫剂的毒力比较

利用“Y”形嗅觉测定仪 ,测定了韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫对 4种挥发性物质的嗅觉反应 ;以药膜法和药液定量滴加法测定了几种药剂对成虫和 4龄幼虫的毒力。结果表明 :新鲜韭菜植株、大蒜乙醇提取物、大蒜素及多硫化钙对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫均有明显的引诱作用 ,在最佳味源浓度条件下 ,选择系数分别为 0 .77、0 .78、0 .4 6和 0 .36。8种药剂对成虫的击倒毒力 ,以顺式氯氰菊酯最强 ,KT50 为7.9382 min;丁硫克百威和辛硫磷次之 ,KT50 分别为 14 .2 85 min和 2 0 .4 6 5 min;氟啶脲对成虫的击倒毒力最低 ,KT50 仅为 94 .2 10 min。 6种药剂对 4龄幼虫的毒力 ,以毒死蜱最高 ,氟啶脲和辛硫磷次之 ,二嗪磷最低。针对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫和幼虫的活动习性以及不同药剂的杀虫特点 ,提出了地上地下相结合的防治方法 ;并根据外源挥发性物质对成虫的引诱效应 。

大蒜素对二甲基亚硝胺诱发的肝纤维化大鼠的保护作用

目的 研究大蒜素对实验性肝纤维化大鼠的保护作用。方法 SD大鼠随机分为 5组 :正常对照组、模型组(给等量蒸馏水 )、大蒜素 (11、2 2 mg/ kg)组、秋水仙碱 (0 .15 g/ kg)组。二甲基亚硝胺 (DMN)诱发大鼠肝纤维化模型 ,各组在造模开始时 ig给药 ,实验共进行 4 2 d。腹主动脉取血 ,制备血清 ,进行肝功能、血脂、肝细胞病理学检查。结果 大蒜素各组均能明显降低实验性肝纤维化大鼠血清丙氨酸转氨酶 (AL T)、谷草转氨酶 (AST) (P<0 .0 5、0 .0 1)水平 ,以大蒜素 2 2 mg/ kg组作用明显 ,而秋水仙碱对肝功能没有明显的改善作用 (P>0 .0 5 )。大蒜素均能明显降低血清甘油三酯 (TG)、胆固醇 (TC)水平 ,提高血清白蛋白 (AL B)含量。病理学检查结果 ,大蒜素组肝细胞的坏死、空泡变性、出血及脂肪沉积较模型组和秋水仙碱组明显减轻 ,炎症细胞明显减少。电镜检查结果显示 ,大蒜素 11mg/ kg组肝细胞坏死、自溶较模型组明显减轻 ,大蒜素 2 2 mg/ kg组肝细胞接近正常。结论 大蒜素对 DMN所致肝损伤具有保护作用。

大蒜素与复方磺胺甲噁唑联用对弓形虫感染小鼠的保护作用

目的 :研究大蒜素与SMZCo对小鼠弓形虫感染的保护作用。方法 :36只小鼠腹腔接种 1×10 5个RH株弓形虫速殖子 ,4h后分 4组 (每组 9只 )灌胃给药 ,每日 1次。A组为空白对照组 ,B组给SMZCo ,C组给大蒜素 ,D组给大蒜素和SMZCo。大蒜素 30mg·kg- 1,给药 18d ;SMZCo 4 0 0mg·kg- 1,给药 8d。结果 :A组小鼠感染后 6d内全部死亡。B组死亡 7只 ,死亡率、复发率均为10 0 %。C组死亡率为 63% ,复发率为 0。D组复发率为 33% ,与B组比较 ,P <0 .0 5 ,与C组比较 ,P>0 .0 5 ,D组死亡率为 5 6%。结论 :大蒜素与SMZCo联合使用能有效的控制急性弓形虫病 。

大蒜素对急性脑梗死患者外周血白细胞表面粘附分子表达及变形性的影响

目的 :观察大蒜素对急性脑梗死患者外周血白细胞粘附分子 (CD11a)表达及白细胞滤过指数 (变形性 )的影响。方法 :取患者及健康人外周血 ,分离粒细胞于体外 37℃孵育 ,采用抗体荧光标记 ,测定CD11a表达率 ;并测定粒细胞通过核孔滤膜的时间 ,并计算滤过指数。结果 :CD11a表达率 (% )健康人组(34 6 4± 2 5 34)与空白对照组 (5 5 35± 30 5 4)比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;大蒜素组 (49 16± 31 6 8)较空白对照组明显下降 (P <0 0 5 )。粒细胞滤过指数健康人组、空白对照组、大蒜素组及尼莫地平组分别为0 87± 0 4 6、6 4 2± 6 4 0、3 4 7± 3 6 7及 5 0 3± 3 72 ,大蒜素组与空白对照组比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论

大蒜素注射液对机械通气相关性下呼吸道深部真菌感染的预防效果及临床意义

目的探讨大蒜素注射液对机械通气相关性下呼吸道深部真菌感染的预防效果及临床意义。方法回顾分析近 3年在我科ICU接受机械通气治疗的 14 7例患者 ,其中 79例下呼吸道深部真菌感染危险度评分≥ 2 5 ,根据是否使用大蒜素注射液作预防性用药 ,将 79例分为预防组和对照组 ,比较分析两组在基础情况、机械通气相关性下呼吸道深部真菌感染的发生率及最后结局方面的差别。结果预防组和对照组在年龄、性别、APACHEⅡ评分、SAPSⅡ评分和WVUH评分方面差异无显著性。对照组机械通气相关性下呼吸道深部真菌感染的发生率显著高于预防组 (P <0 0 1) ,其相对危险度RR为 2 0 6 (95 %CI ,1 2 5～ 3 38)。两组在病死率上差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论大蒜素注射液可有效降低机械通气相关性下呼吸道深部真菌感染的发生率 ,而且价格低廉 。

不同加工方法对大蒜中大蒜素含量及清除NO_2^-作用的影响

以市售大蒜为原料,研究直接破碎、加热、腌制3种加工方法对大蒜中大蒜素含量及其清除NO2-作用的影响。结果表明:随放置时间的延长,温度和pH值的提高,破碎大蒜中大蒜素的含量及清除NO2-能力逐渐增大,而后又降低。加热时间越长,温度越高,大蒜素含量和清除NO2-能力越低,整粒蒜比蒜片的大蒜素含量和NO2-的清除作用高。腌蒜时加醋,随醋量的加大,大蒜素含量逐渐减少;清除NO2-能力逐渐增大,随后又降低。腌蒜时加茶叶,随茶叶量的加大,大蒜素含量逐渐减少,清除NO2-能力逐渐增大。

大蒜素对胃癌细胞株及裸鼠移植瘤的抑制作用

目的 观察大蒜素对胃癌细胞株及移植瘤的作用 ,初步探讨抗癌机制。方法 采用MTT法观察不同质量浓度及作用不同时间大蒜素对胃癌 SGC- 790 1及 MGC- 80 3细胞的影响 ;流式细胞术分析 1 0 0 mg· L-1大蒜素分别作用 4h和 8h后两种肿瘤细胞增殖周期的变化 ;荷胃癌SGC- 790 1裸鼠模型随机分成 4组 ,每组 4只 ,分别于荷瘤 7d和 1 4d用 2 0 g/L的大蒜素 0 .1 m L和PBS0 .1 m L对瘤体进行局部注射治疗 ,每隔 2 d一次 ,共 3次 ,观察瘤体增殖及裸鼠生存状况的变化。结果 不同质量浓度梯度大蒜素对两种肿瘤细胞皆有一定的杀伤 ,大蒜素质量浓度为 80 0 mg· L-1及 1 0 0 0 mg·L-1时 ,对 SGC- 790 1细胞的抑制率分别为 65.5% ,68.6% (P<0 .0 1 ,vs5- FU)。大蒜素对 MGC- 80 3细胞的抑制作用较明显 ,质量浓度为 40 0 mg·L-1,80 0 mg· L-1及 1 0 0 0 mg·L-1时 ,抑制率分别为 67.5% ,75.3%和 79.5% (P<0 .0 1 ,vs5- FU)。 1 0 0 mg· L-1大蒜素连续作用3d,对 SGC- 790 1及 MGC- 80 3的抑制率分别可达 85.2 % ,96.7% (P<0 .0 1 ,vs5- FU)。大蒜素作用后 SGC- 790 1及 MGC- 80 3细胞 S期比例有增高趋势。荷瘤 7d局部注射治疗组有 3只裸鼠瘤体消失 ,余下 1只瘤体组织切片可见大量淋巴细胞聚集 ,肿瘤血管较少。

定硫法测定大蒜中大蒜素含量及影响因素

本文采用定硫法测定了苍山大蒜中的大蒜素含量。研究了氧化剂用量、酸度及称样量等因素对测定结果的影响 ,优选出定硫法测定大蒜素含量的最佳条件。用硝酸汞法进行比对 ,经t检验 ,两方法间不存在显著性差异。