Through over ten years of study, more than 1 000 genetic materials including mutant genes, chromosomal variation strains and special genetic materials of Bombyx mori, Linnaeus, collected, introduced or created since 1...Through over ten years of study, more than 1 000 genetic materials including mutant genes, chromosomal variation strains and special genetic materials of Bombyx mori, Linnaeus, collected, introduced or created since 1940s especially late 1980s, have been sorted out and put in order. After identifications and genetic analyses of their morphological, physiological and biochemical characters, the silkworm gene bank was constructed and the preservation system was perfected, and more than 600 silkworm strains were kept in this gene bank. The preserved silkworm mutant genes have covered more than 90% of existent ones across the world, in which, more than 100 are rare and precious mutant genes, and over 60 mutant genes were found and studied for the first time. Through hybrid analyses, linkage tests and three-point gene location tests, a perfect linkage retrieval labeling system of silkworm was established, which included 230 marker genes covering all the 28 linkage groups of Bombyx mori. The gene location system (composite system of recessive genes) of different linkage groups was set up. The intergenic complementation of mutant egg color and third type of maternal heredity egg color have been found, and indicated that the epistatic effect of mutant gene of white egg is universal. Twenty eight independent near isogenic lines marked with morphological mutation gene have been created and a series of novel breeding materials possessing great potential for application such as high feeding efficiency, special sex markers, natural colored silk, resistance to disease, wider feeding range and adjustable parthenogenesis, etc. , have been developed. The sustainable maintenance and management technique system of silkworm gene resources were well established.展开更多
Germplasm conserved in gene banks is underutilized,owing mainly to the cost of characterization.Genomic prediction can be applied to predict the genetic merit of germplasm.Germplasm utilization could be greatly accele...Germplasm conserved in gene banks is underutilized,owing mainly to the cost of characterization.Genomic prediction can be applied to predict the genetic merit of germplasm.Germplasm utilization could be greatly accelerated if prediction accuracy were sufficiently high with a training population of practical size.Large-scale resequencing projects in rice have generated high quality genome-wide variation information for many diverse accessions,making it possible to investigate the potential of genomic prediction in rice germplasm management and exploitation.We phenotyped six traits in nearly 2000 indica(XI)and japonica(GJ)accessions from the Rice 3K project and investigated different scenarios for forming training populations.A composite core training set was considered in two levels which targets used for prediction of subpopulations within subspecies or prediction across subspecies.Composite training sets incorporating 400 or 200 accessions from either subpopulation of XI or GJ showed satisfactory prediction accuracy.A composite training set of 600 XI and GJ accessions showed sufficiently high prediction accuracy for both XI and GJ subspecies.Comparable or even higher prediction accuracy was observed for the composite training set than for the corresponding homogeneous training sets comprising accessions only of specific subpopulations of XI or GJ(within-subspecies level)or pure XI or GJ accessions(across-subspecies level)that were included in the composite training set.Validation using an independent population of 281 rice cultivars supported the predictive ability of the composite training set.Reliability,which reflects the robustness of a training set,was markedly higher for the composite training set than for the corresponding homogeneous training sets.A core training set formed from diverse accessions could accurately predict the genetic merit of rice germplasm.展开更多
A major challenge for the management of gene banks is the maintenance of good seed health in the collections.Large germplasm collections >10 000 accessions often have been acquired from different sources over a ran...A major challenge for the management of gene banks is the maintenance of good seed health in the collections.Large germplasm collections >10 000 accessions often have been acquired from different sources over a range of dates,may differ in germination at time of deposition in the gene bank,and may have genetic differences in seed longevity.The major storage variables affecting seed longevity are temperature and seed moisture content.Two varieties of each pea(Pisum sativus L.),lentil(Lens culinaris Medikus subsp.culinaris),and chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.),were stored at three temperatures;40,20,and 2°C,each with three seed moisture levels of 10.9–13.8%(high),7.9–10.3%(medium),and 7–7.8%(low),in the Australian Temperate Field Crops Collection gene bank.Seed longevity at a given storage period was estimated by the corresponding germination percentage for each treatment.This paper is an interim report on seed viability decline in the first seven years of this seed longevity study,in which viability decline towards zero was almost completed in the three seed moisture treatments at 40°C and the 20°C high seed moisture treatment,but had not declined in the other treatments.Seed longevity positively responded to a reduction in temperature and then to a reduction in seed moisture.The number of days in storage for seed germination decline to 85%(p85),and to 50%(p50) for mean seed viability,are reported by storage/varietal treatment.Both p85 and p50 showed significant inverse linear responses with seed moisture at 40°C for pea and lentil varieties,with intra-specific variation for pea.This long term trial aims to provide informed timing of seed regeneration for accessions in a gene bank.展开更多
Eight apple (Malus x domestica) and two pear (Pyrus communis) traditional cultivars of commercial interest were selected from the germplasm bank CIAM (Centro de Investigaciones Agrarias de Mabegondo, NW of Spain) one ...Eight apple (Malus x domestica) and two pear (Pyrus communis) traditional cultivars of commercial interest were selected from the germplasm bank CIAM (Centro de Investigaciones Agrarias de Mabegondo, NW of Spain) one of the most important collections of The Iberian Peninsula. In order to define the establishment protocol, apical buds 1.0 - 1.5 millimetre length of the selected cultivars were established in solid mineral medium Murashige and Skoog (MS) with modified vitamins (thiamine 10X) and supplemented with 1 mg·L-1 6-benzyladenine (BA), 0.2 mg·L-1 gibberellic acid (GA3) and 0.3 mg·L-1 of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The highest shoot initiation rates were achieved with apple cultivar “Principe Grande” (55%) and “Barburiña” pear cultivar (50%);the lowest rate was obtained with apple cultivar “Camoesa” (11%). Initiation rates for shoots culture varied between 22% and 37% for the other cultivars. The cytokinins BA, zeatin, 2-isopentyladenine (2iP) and thidiazuron (TDZ) were tested at concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg·L-1 in the absence or presence of IBA (0.1 mg·L-1) for the multiplication step. For all cultivars, the highest multiplication rates were obtained with medium supplemented with TDZ and also in media containing BA. The in vitro rooting success of shoots in medium with 0.1 mg·L-1 IBA without cytokinins, and the survival rate of plantlets acclimatized under greenhouse conditions depended on the genotype of the different cultivars. In vitro propagation of these ten traditional apple and pear cultivars in NW Spain has not previously been reported.展开更多
System Science Philosophy is a knowledge system constructed of universal principle and law sequences. Alloy gene is a characteristic atom existing in the center of coordination cluster and occupying the lattice point ...System Science Philosophy is a knowledge system constructed of universal principle and law sequences. Alloy gene is a characteristic atom existing in the center of coordination cluster and occupying the lattice point of a lattice cell, and carries holographic information about valence electron structure, physical and thermodynamic properties obtained by alloy gene theory. Alloy gene potential energy curve function has developed traditional atom pair interaction potential functions into many atoms’ interaction function associated with valence electron structure, bond length, bond energy, which makes alloy gene Gibbs energy function can be established. Alloy gene Gibbs energy transmissive function has developed traditional partition function. Its equilibrium and sub-equilibrium transmissive modes produce alloy holographic network positioning bank, which is operable platform to achieve transformation from “trial and error” method to the “whole obtained from a few part” law for getting advanced alloys. It has become possible to launch alloy gene sequence project.展开更多
采用目标性状基因库育种法培育出甜秆多穗型超早熟谷子(Setaria italica Beauv)新种质超早熟1号,该品种具有以下突出特点:(1)超早熟,生育期间仅需有效积温1 550℃左右,在海拔1 600m以上的河北省坝头地带正常成熟,突破谷子“育成种...采用目标性状基因库育种法培育出甜秆多穗型超早熟谷子(Setaria italica Beauv)新种质超早熟1号,该品种具有以下突出特点:(1)超早熟,生育期间仅需有效积温1 550℃左右,在海拔1 600m以上的河北省坝头地带正常成熟,突破谷子“育成种”栽培的禁区,将我国谷子种植界限大大北移;(2)多穗,该品种不但具有分蘖成穗特性,而且中下部节间可产生多个分枝穗,是少有的谷子多穗型新种质;(3)秸秆甜、含糖量高,其秸秆全糖、可溶性糖、还原糖含量分别高出同产地普通品种74.8%、200.5%、237.2%;(4)粗蛋白含量高,高于普通品种3.9%～30.4%;(5)粒色可变,在石家庄种植为红谷,在河北省坝上种植为黄谷;该品种还具有优质高产综合性状优良的特点。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(39970570).
文摘Through over ten years of study, more than 1 000 genetic materials including mutant genes, chromosomal variation strains and special genetic materials of Bombyx mori, Linnaeus, collected, introduced or created since 1940s especially late 1980s, have been sorted out and put in order. After identifications and genetic analyses of their morphological, physiological and biochemical characters, the silkworm gene bank was constructed and the preservation system was perfected, and more than 600 silkworm strains were kept in this gene bank. The preserved silkworm mutant genes have covered more than 90% of existent ones across the world, in which, more than 100 are rare and precious mutant genes, and over 60 mutant genes were found and studied for the first time. Through hybrid analyses, linkage tests and three-point gene location tests, a perfect linkage retrieval labeling system of silkworm was established, which included 230 marker genes covering all the 28 linkage groups of Bombyx mori. The gene location system (composite system of recessive genes) of different linkage groups was set up. The intergenic complementation of mutant egg color and third type of maternal heredity egg color have been found, and indicated that the epistatic effect of mutant gene of white egg is universal. Twenty eight independent near isogenic lines marked with morphological mutation gene have been created and a series of novel breeding materials possessing great potential for application such as high feeding efficiency, special sex markers, natural colored silk, resistance to disease, wider feeding range and adjustable parthenogenesis, etc. , have been developed. The sustainable maintenance and management technique system of silkworm gene resources were well established.
基金funded by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFE0202300)International Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship Program(Talent-Introduction Program)in 2020.
文摘Germplasm conserved in gene banks is underutilized,owing mainly to the cost of characterization.Genomic prediction can be applied to predict the genetic merit of germplasm.Germplasm utilization could be greatly accelerated if prediction accuracy were sufficiently high with a training population of practical size.Large-scale resequencing projects in rice have generated high quality genome-wide variation information for many diverse accessions,making it possible to investigate the potential of genomic prediction in rice germplasm management and exploitation.We phenotyped six traits in nearly 2000 indica(XI)and japonica(GJ)accessions from the Rice 3K project and investigated different scenarios for forming training populations.A composite core training set was considered in two levels which targets used for prediction of subpopulations within subspecies or prediction across subspecies.Composite training sets incorporating 400 or 200 accessions from either subpopulation of XI or GJ showed satisfactory prediction accuracy.A composite training set of 600 XI and GJ accessions showed sufficiently high prediction accuracy for both XI and GJ subspecies.Comparable or even higher prediction accuracy was observed for the composite training set than for the corresponding homogeneous training sets comprising accessions only of specific subpopulations of XI or GJ(within-subspecies level)or pure XI or GJ accessions(across-subspecies level)that were included in the composite training set.Validation using an independent population of 281 rice cultivars supported the predictive ability of the composite training set.Reliability,which reflects the robustness of a training set,was markedly higher for the composite training set than for the corresponding homogeneous training sets.A core training set formed from diverse accessions could accurately predict the genetic merit of rice germplasm.
基金supported by the core budget for Australian Temperate Field Crops Collection(ATFCC)operationsjointly funded by the Government of Victoria and the Grains Research and Development Corporation of Australia
文摘A major challenge for the management of gene banks is the maintenance of good seed health in the collections.Large germplasm collections >10 000 accessions often have been acquired from different sources over a range of dates,may differ in germination at time of deposition in the gene bank,and may have genetic differences in seed longevity.The major storage variables affecting seed longevity are temperature and seed moisture content.Two varieties of each pea(Pisum sativus L.),lentil(Lens culinaris Medikus subsp.culinaris),and chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.),were stored at three temperatures;40,20,and 2°C,each with three seed moisture levels of 10.9–13.8%(high),7.9–10.3%(medium),and 7–7.8%(low),in the Australian Temperate Field Crops Collection gene bank.Seed longevity at a given storage period was estimated by the corresponding germination percentage for each treatment.This paper is an interim report on seed viability decline in the first seven years of this seed longevity study,in which viability decline towards zero was almost completed in the three seed moisture treatments at 40°C and the 20°C high seed moisture treatment,but had not declined in the other treatments.Seed longevity positively responded to a reduction in temperature and then to a reduction in seed moisture.The number of days in storage for seed germination decline to 85%(p85),and to 50%(p50) for mean seed viability,are reported by storage/varietal treatment.Both p85 and p50 showed significant inverse linear responses with seed moisture at 40°C for pea and lentil varieties,with intra-specific variation for pea.This long term trial aims to provide informed timing of seed regeneration for accessions in a gene bank.
文摘Eight apple (Malus x domestica) and two pear (Pyrus communis) traditional cultivars of commercial interest were selected from the germplasm bank CIAM (Centro de Investigaciones Agrarias de Mabegondo, NW of Spain) one of the most important collections of The Iberian Peninsula. In order to define the establishment protocol, apical buds 1.0 - 1.5 millimetre length of the selected cultivars were established in solid mineral medium Murashige and Skoog (MS) with modified vitamins (thiamine 10X) and supplemented with 1 mg·L-1 6-benzyladenine (BA), 0.2 mg·L-1 gibberellic acid (GA3) and 0.3 mg·L-1 of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The highest shoot initiation rates were achieved with apple cultivar “Principe Grande” (55%) and “Barburiña” pear cultivar (50%);the lowest rate was obtained with apple cultivar “Camoesa” (11%). Initiation rates for shoots culture varied between 22% and 37% for the other cultivars. The cytokinins BA, zeatin, 2-isopentyladenine (2iP) and thidiazuron (TDZ) were tested at concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg·L-1 in the absence or presence of IBA (0.1 mg·L-1) for the multiplication step. For all cultivars, the highest multiplication rates were obtained with medium supplemented with TDZ and also in media containing BA. The in vitro rooting success of shoots in medium with 0.1 mg·L-1 IBA without cytokinins, and the survival rate of plantlets acclimatized under greenhouse conditions depended on the genotype of the different cultivars. In vitro propagation of these ten traditional apple and pear cultivars in NW Spain has not previously been reported.
文摘System Science Philosophy is a knowledge system constructed of universal principle and law sequences. Alloy gene is a characteristic atom existing in the center of coordination cluster and occupying the lattice point of a lattice cell, and carries holographic information about valence electron structure, physical and thermodynamic properties obtained by alloy gene theory. Alloy gene potential energy curve function has developed traditional atom pair interaction potential functions into many atoms’ interaction function associated with valence electron structure, bond length, bond energy, which makes alloy gene Gibbs energy function can be established. Alloy gene Gibbs energy transmissive function has developed traditional partition function. Its equilibrium and sub-equilibrium transmissive modes produce alloy holographic network positioning bank, which is operable platform to achieve transformation from “trial and error” method to the “whole obtained from a few part” law for getting advanced alloys. It has become possible to launch alloy gene sequence project.
文摘采用目标性状基因库育种法培育出甜秆多穗型超早熟谷子(Setaria italica Beauv)新种质超早熟1号,该品种具有以下突出特点:(1)超早熟,生育期间仅需有效积温1 550℃左右,在海拔1 600m以上的河北省坝头地带正常成熟,突破谷子“育成种”栽培的禁区,将我国谷子种植界限大大北移;(2)多穗,该品种不但具有分蘖成穗特性,而且中下部节间可产生多个分枝穗,是少有的谷子多穗型新种质;(3)秸秆甜、含糖量高,其秸秆全糖、可溶性糖、还原糖含量分别高出同产地普通品种74.8%、200.5%、237.2%;(4)粗蛋白含量高,高于普通品种3.9%～30.4%;(5)粒色可变,在石家庄种植为红谷,在河北省坝上种植为黄谷;该品种还具有优质高产综合性状优良的特点。
