Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Financial Support to Agriculture Based on the DEA Method

Financial support to agriculture is the main driving force to increase farmers＇ income. This paper applied the evaluation DEA （Data-embrasing Analysis） method to evaluate the effectiveness of financial support to agriculture from 1990 to 2005. It is found that the trend of the financial support to agricultural effectiveness in China presented a downward trend in recent years. The results showed that the overall trend of the financial support to agriculture in China wasn＇t high, and some corresponding proposals were put forward to optimized.

Study on the Policies,Science and Technology Support to Impel the Development of Recreational Agriculture in Hainan

The current situation of the recreational agriculture development in Hainan was analyzed. The problems of imperfect security system,unsound policies and regulations,scant government support,low enthusiasm for developing recreational agriculture,lacking science and technology support and less special competitive products in Hainan were discussed. Through the reference of foreign countries and Taiwan Region policy support and legislative experience on recreational agriculture,it was recommended to perfect the policy system,develop the leading role of the government,enhance the legislation and supervision,pay attention to science and technology support,in order to promote the healthy sustainable development of recreational agriculture in Hainan.

日本农业收入保险补贴的WTO合规性研究

日本是继美国之后第二个在全国范围内推行农业收入保险的国家,在国际上广受关注。论文立足于WTO关于农业收入保险的约束规则,分析了日本农业收入保险的设立背景、发展历程和运作机制,对比了日本农业收入保险条款与WTO约束规则的差异,并探讨了日本农业收入保险的WTO通报策略。论文的主要结论包括:第一,日本农业收入保险在实施之后,并没有改变日本农业共济保险的主导地位;第二,日本农业收入保险政策具有一定的创新性,但并不完全符合WTO的“绿箱”范畴;第三,尽管日本在WTO通报中对其农业收入保险按照“黄箱-非特定产品支持”进行了通报,但是仍存在一定的不透明性。最后,论文探讨了日本农业收入保险对我国的三点启示:一是应妥善处理完全成本保险与农业收入保险的优先发展次序;二是应关注特定农产品收入保险与综合性农业收入保险的合规风险差异;三是在对农业收入保险补贴进行通报时可提供总量而非分项数据,保留一定的模糊空间。

Preliminary Study on Effects of the Model of Community-supported Agriculture(CSA) on Urban-rural Income Gap in China

The urban-rural income gap is widening,which has become a bottleneck restricting China＇s economic and social development.It is the current outstanding problems in the harmonious development of the society.Community Supported Agriculture（CSA） is one of the most important forms of sustainable agriculture and it has received the attention in recent years.This paper first introduces the rise and development of CSA in China,and discuss the impact of CSA on urban-rural income gap in China preliminarily in order to provide ideas for improving the farmers＇ income and narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas.

Monitoring the Heavy Element of Cr in Agricultural Soils Using a Mobile Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy System with Support Vector Machine

Due to its complicated matrix effects, rapid quantitative analysis of chromium in agricultural soils is difficult without the concentration gradient samples by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. To improve the analysis speed and accuracy, two calibration models are built with the support vector machine method： one considering the whole spectra and the other based on the segmental spectra input. Considering the results of the multiple linear regression analysis, three segmental spectra are chosen as the input variables of the support vector regression （SVR） model. Compared with the results of the SVR model with the whole spectra input, the relative standard error of prediction is reduced from 3.18% to 2.61% and the running time is saved due to the decrease in the number of input variables, showing the robustness in rapid soil analysis without the concentration gradient samples.

A Multi-case Study of Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) Operation Model in Beijing

As one of the ways to localize foods,community supported agriculture can strengthen food safety and should be reasonably guided and developed.Based on the analysis of the spatial layout of the community supported agriculture organizations in Beijing,this paper described the development framework and course of community supported agriculture in Beijing.Combining 3 differentiated cases with the consumer's participation in community supported agriculture and the trust mechanism,it was found that the drive type has a very significant impact on the characteristics of these organizations.

Evaluation of the Performance of Financial Support for Agriculture in Guizhou Province Using Secondary Relative Benefit Model Based on DEA

We use the secondary relative benefit model based on DEA to evaluate the performance of agricultural financial expenditure in Guizhou Province, which can give due consideration to the production effectiveness determined by objective natural conditions, and management effectiveness of all regions (as decision-making body) in the use of financial fund for supporting agriculture. In general, there is north-south gradient difference in the performance of financial support for agriculture between regions in Guizhou Province. The drought in 2010 has significant impact on the technical efficiency in the whole province; the performance score of each item in Liupanshui City and Southwest Guizhou is very low; the technical efficiency and management efficiency in most regions need to be improved. In order to improve the performance of financial support for agriculture, we need to ensure the scale of input; at the same time, provide appropriate preferential financial policies for agricultural infrastructure, especially the construction of rural water conservancy, development and promotion of agricultural science and technology, and other fields; adopt the way of special check and acceptance of supporting projects to strengthen the use management of the fund for agriculture.

Priorities of State Support of the Russian Agriculture on Federal and Regional Levels under Volatile Economic Growth

The state support of the agriculture is increasing with the globalization of Russia, the need to shape level and instruments in accordance with the WTO requirements. For Russia, rational state support of agriculture is topical according to the domestic economic problems： insufficient financing in Russia, in the regions; degradation of production facilities; turnover acreage reduction; reduction in livestock; and according to the external economic factors： the accession to the WTO, the transition to the Common Economic Space, and subsequently, the Eurasian Economic Union, global change conditions in the global food market, an increase in the world population, increasing demand for food resources, a significant increase in food prices on world markets, the increased activity of Russian agricultural producers in the world markets of grain products; ensuring of economic stability systems, critical analysis of the tools and the effectiveness of economic policy. According to the IMF, the economic has slowed down despite the state support for agriculture should stay a priority in the government＇s economic policy, in the regions.

The Changes of Fiscal Agriculture-Supporting Expenditure and Farmers' Income Based on Grey Correlation Theory

According to the relevant data of China Statistical Yearbook and Chinese Rural Statistical Yearbook in the year of 2009,the changes of grey correlation degree of farmers' net income,various items of incomes,national gross agriculture-supporting expenditure and various items of expenditures,farmers' net income and various items of fiscal agriculture-supporting expenditure in the Eighth Five-Year Plan,Ninth Five-Year Plan and Tenth Five-Year Plan by using grey correlation degree and the by choosing seven indicators covering income from wage and salary,income from household business,transfer income and property income,agricultural production-supporting expenditure,agricultural basic construction expenditure,expenses of three items of agricultural technology and the fee of rural relief.The results show that the grey correlation degree of each time period and household net income shows the downward trend;from overall perspective,the grey correlation degree of national gross agriculture-supporting expenditure,agricultural basic construction expenditure and agricultural production-supporting expenditure shows the descending trend;the grey correlation degree of fiscal agricultural supporting expenditure and the expenditure of three items of agricultural technology and fee of rural relief show the upward trend;the influence of agricultural production-supporting expenditure on farmers' income shows downward trend;the influence of agricultural basic construction on farmers' income shows upward trend;the fee of rural relief play an active role in the promoting the farmers' income increase;the role played by fee of rural relief in promoting farmers' income increase should be further increased;the increase of farmers' income shows great reliance on agricultural science and technology.In the end,the relevant suggestions on establishing stable increase mechanism of fiscal agricultural support and insisting on the dynamic adjustment of the structure of fiscal agricultural supporting capital are put forward.

Agricultural policy reforms and WTO commitments on domestic support in Japan

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of Japan＇s agricultural domestic policy since 1995 in the context of the current international negotiations in the WTO Doha Round, which has as one aim further reductions of trade-distorting support among member countries. Apparently, Japan＇s attitude towards agricultural domestic policy reform is one of compliance with the WTO, which requests member countries to reduce their Aggregate Measure of Support （AMS） through trimming trade-distorting （amber box） support and/or transforming traditional-type agricultural subsidies to decoupled-type ones. Japan reduced its amber box support by nearly 80 percent between 1995 and 2000. This drastic reduction is mainly attributable to Japan＇s removal of rice from the amber box in 1998. In addition, following the WTO＇s principle of decoupling, Japan launched an extensive agricultural subsidy reform in 2007. This paper, however, shows the ironical realities of Japanese agricultural policy. Neither a sharp reduction of amber box support nor Japan＇s 2007 reform necessarily means there will be a reduction of trade-distorting effects. On the contrary, the 2007 reform may in fact stimulate domestic rice production.

IS-LM Model Based Analysis on the Role of China's Financial Policy for Supporting Agriculture

The"three rural"issues have always been an important and prominent issue in China's economy and society.The"No.1 Document"of the central government of China over the years has all stressed this field.The state has also undertaken various economic policies to increase the income of rural residents,support agricultural development,and improve rural infrastructure construction.Among the various policies,financial support for agriculture is a frequently used macroeconomic policy.Based on the IS-LM model,this paper analyzed the effects of financial policy for supporting agriculture on the IS-LM model,discussed the specific role of the financial policy,in order to provide a certain reference for the government to better use financial policy to support the agriculture.

Influence of Outflow of Rural Funds on Financial Support for Agriculture

Since the reform and opening-up,rural finance has made enormous contribution to rural economic development.However,with commercialization reform of financial institutions,the conflict between outflow of large funds and shortage of funds for rural economic development becomes prominent,leading to serious degradation of agricultural support function of rural finance.From the perspective of outflow of rural funds,this paper analyzes the problem of"deviation from agriculture"of rural financial business,and derives the conclusion that it is necessary and urgent to restore agricultural support function of rural finance.Then,it discusses restoration path for agricultural support function of rural finance.Finally,it comes up with some effective paths in accordance with existing problems in agricultural support function of rural finance.

加入WTO与中国政府支农方式的调整

政府支农方式与经济体制、经济发展水平及经济国际化相关 ,表现出间接化、多元化、双重制约的趋势。中国加入WTO后 ,政府应对支农方式进行相应调整。

Effect of Technology Support for Social Network on Agricultural Technology Diffusion

[Objective] To analyze the key factor in agricultural technology diffusion- technology support, and to explore the method to quicken the diffusion of agricultural technology. [Method] The technology acquisition advantage of social network was il- lustrated by summarizing the status and characteristics of agricultural technology and technology supporting types in the process of agriculture technology diffusion. [Result] The multi-layer, complex, persistence, systematization features of agricultural technol- ogy require support and help of technology from surrounding social network to ulti- mately internalize the technology. [Conclusion] Using social networks for the technol- ogy support will be a powerful supplement to the system of agricultural technology diffusion.

WTO框架下的我国农业国内支持政策改革

我国进行农业国内支持政策改革是加入WTO后缓和市场准入承诺带来的冲击和提升农产品国际竞争力的客观需要。现阶段 ,我国对农业的支持水平偏低 ,绿箱政策支持总量不高 ,结构不合理。我国国内支持改革宜以提高农产品国际竞争力为中心 ,以促进农民增收和农业持续发展为具体目标。

构建WTO框架下国内农业支持体系

在新一轮农业谈判开始之际 ,日本、欧盟、美国等发达国家在调整国内农业政策过程中很相似的一点就是扩大“绿箱”政策范围 ,改变农业保护方式。中国已经加入WTO ,与发达国家相比 ,中国对农业的国内支持力度远远不够 ,为了减少加入WTO后的负面影响 ,参照WTO关于国内农业支持的规则 ,积极采取措施加强对农业支持的力度应该受到重视。

WTO框架下我国农业国内支持政策体系的研究

由于农业的弱质性和多功能性,各国普遍对农业实施农业国内支持政策。然而,由于受国家财力的约束,我国农业国内支持水平总体上一直偏低,且存在着“绿箱”政策支持结构不合理与“黄箱”政策补贴效果差等问题。为此,依据我国不同时期对农业政策的需求,基于WTO农业协议框架,提出了我国农业国内支持政策体系。

在WTO框架下构建我国农业国内支持的法律保障体系

WTO的《农产品协议》是规范农产品多边贸易体制的重要规则之一。该协议中的国内支持规则不仅要求各成员国的农业政策具有一定的透明度而且限定着各成员国对国内农业支持的程度和范围。长期以来 ,我国对农业的支持力度不够 ,农业支持政策随意性也较大 ,这必将妨碍着我国农产品进出口贸易的健康发展。所以我们应遵循 WTO的《农产品协议》,建立我国农业国内支持的法律保障体系。在加强农业基础地位 ,保护农业生产经营主体的合法权益 ,促进我国农业安全。

WTO争端裁决对我国农业支持政策的影响分析

WTO成立以来的争端实践澄清了农业相关规则,确立了《农业协定》、《补贴协定》、GATT同时适用于农业政策的原则。农产品出口融资支持,乃至影响出口的政府行政管理体制均受到严格规范。过往引发WTO争端的问题,如市场价格支持的计算、"绿箱"支持的判定标准等,是当前我国农业支持措施受到外方关注,可能引发争议的焦点。在此形势下,我国应研究WTO农业争端裁决之于农业支持政策调整的影响,谨慎制定对内和对外农业政策,积极推进农业支持的法制化。