Green Barriers： Obstacle or Stimulation ？

Most viewpoints in China consider green barrier is one kind of non-tariff barriers imposed by developed countries and is unfair to developing countries. Different from these, this paper points out that green barriers, evolving from the background of sustainable development theory and the principle of environment protection, have positive effect on ideology, international institutional arrangement and innovation stimulation. Demonstrating the rationality of green barriers, the paper puts forward that green barriers should be regarded as the stimulation for technology innovation and industrial restructure rather than obstacles. The best way to surmount the green barriers for Chinese government and enterprises is to implement circular economy and clean production so as to achieve the harmony of trade, environment and economic development.

The influence of green barrier on China＇s agricultural products trade and countermeasure analysis

With the change and development of modern international new situation, some of the more traditional tariff barriers declining, green barriers to trade with their own unique and distinct era characteristic become the mainstream of the development of international trade today. Along with the Western Europe in some developed countries protect their existing markets, with the name of environmental protection and green trade protection measures, construction of the green trade barriers, so in practice to a certain extent seriously hindered the of some agricultural products sales and foreign trade credits. In this paper, starting from the factors and characteristics of green barrier produces, analyzes the causes of the green trade barrier of positivity and negativity, and contact our country agricultural product export and the present situation of the green trade barrier causes, analysis the reason of the thwarted by the green trade barrier, the feasibility of the agricultural development status in China, and puts forward some operable countermeasures, in order to adapt to the new situation of the development of foreign trade of agricultural products in China and good circulation.

The Impacts of the Green Barrier against China＇s Agricultural Products Exports

Green Barrier is one of the non-tariffbarriers, which has its special characteristics. More and more countries have imposed green barriers on China＇s agricultural products exports in a bid to protect their domestic agriculture. When studying the green barriers oriented market access system, we should handle well the following works： popularizing agricultural standardization, improving quality standard systems of agricultural products, propelling the technological innovations of green production, establishing an emergency system for the foreign trade of agricultural products by which the green production and operation can be supported from funds and policies, etc.

The Impact of Green Barrier of EU on the Export of Farm Produces of China

Green Barrier,a significant component of the non-tariff barrier,is playing a more and more important role in the international trade.The impact of the green barrier by EU on Chinese farm products has become a crucial problem which is attracting more and more attention of Chinese people.This paper begins with the appearance of the green barrier,emphatically studies the impact of green barrier of EU on the export of farm produces of China and put forward the countermeasures in end.

Influences and Countermeasures of Green Trade Barrier on Export Trade of Chinese Agricultural Products

With the worsening of environment, many countries pay more attention to the environmental protection. Green （organic） trade barrier gradually attracts more attention to the non-tariff barrier in the international trade. However, according to the economic levels of different countries, great differences exist in environment standards of these countries which resulted in the appearance of green trade barriers as trade protection. This study classified the connotations and characteristics of green trade barrier, gave the descriptions on the development and type of green trade barrier, and analysed the influences on China＇s export and put forward some countermeasures which aimed at stimulating the development of our foreign trade.

On Breaking Through "the Green Trade Barrier" via the Recycling Agriculture Mode

With their advantages in the field of environmental protection, by means of combining trade in the WTO andenvironmental protection, many countries and territories have laid down the principle of "the green trade barrier", whichconstitutes a serious challenge against our produce export. It is hypothesized that the basic solution to the barrier is thereplacement of the conventional agricultural mode with the recycling agriculture mode, whereby implementations and mea-sures of the new mode are put forward,

国际贸易中的碳壁垒:发展趋势、影响及中国对策

近年来,以欧盟为代表的发达经济体以应对气候变化为由,加速实施碳壁垒政策,引发全球绿色贸易壁垒的新变化,对全球贸易格局、产业链布局及国际经贸规则产生了深远的影响。在此背景下,中国面临的重大课题是如何将碳壁垒带来的挑战转化为推动国内绿色贸易发展及参与全球气候治理的新机遇。文章首先阐释碳壁垒的内涵与特征,并在梳理和总结全球碳壁垒发展趋势的基础上,进一步分析碳壁垒对全球气候治理、国际贸易、全球产业链和中国对外贸易的潜在影响,最后提出我国应对碳壁垒的国际和国内策略,旨在为中国在全球气候治理中的角色定位和绿色贸易的可持续发展提供策略支持。

Electron transport in electrically biased inverse parabolic double-barrier structure

A theoretical study of resonant tunneling is carried out for an inverse parabolic double-barrier structure subjected to an external electric field. Tunneling transmission coefficient and density of states are analyzed by using the non-equilibrium Green＇s function approach based on the finite difference method. It is found that the resonant peak of the transmission coefficient, being unity for a symmetrical case, reduces under the applied electric field and depends strongly on the variation of the structure parameters.

RCEP视域下饲料出口遭遇绿色贸易壁垒的原因及解决对策

当前,中国饲料出口遭遇绿色贸易壁垒,既有饲料行业发展趋势的原因,也有国际环保政策调整和国际贸易环境变化的原因。RCEP协定的签订和实施对解决中国饲料出口绿色贸易壁垒问题具有积极作用,RCEP协定下统一的贸易规则降低了饲料出口的技术性贸易壁垒,促进了饲料领域技术交流和标准合作,并提高了解决饲料出口贸易争端的能力。在RCEP协定下,中国应提升饲料出口产品质量与环保标准,加强与其他RCEP成员国的经贸合作以及完善法律法规,规范饲料行业生产与经营行为,从而来解决饲料出口的绿色贸易壁垒问题。

Scattering of Oblique Surface Water Waves by Thin Vertical Barrier Over Undulating Bed Topography

The present study deals with the scattering of oblique surface water waves by small undulation on the bottom in the presence of a thin vertical barrier. Here, three different configurations of vertical barriers are investigated. Perturbation analysis is employed to determine the physical quantities, namely, the reflection and transmission coefficients. In this analysis, many different Boundary Value Problems (BVPs) are obtained out of which the first two bvps are considered. The zeroth order bvp is solved with the aid of eigenfunction expansion method. The first order reflection and transmission coefficients are derived in terms of the integrals by the method of the Green's integral theorem. The variation of these coefficients is plotted and analyzed for different physical parameters. Furthermore, the energy balance relation, an important relation in the study of water wave scattering, is derived and checked for assuring the correctness of the numerical results for the present problem.

A Cross-Sectional Study of Utilization of Green Building Rating Tools by Selected Professionals in the Zambian Building Industry

Green building rating tools used for planning and assessing the impact of buildings on the environment are continually revised in line with user needs. The appropriateness of tools for the Zambian building industry depends on whether the tools adequately meet minimum green buildings standards and the country’s environmental aspirations. The utilization of green building rating tools is important if Zambia is to achieve the real benefits of green buildings, however very little is known about the levels of utilization in Zambia. A cross-sectional study of 115 professionals from the building industry in Zambia was undertaken using a sequential mixed method approach, to investigate the level of utilization, preferred criteria and, the barriers and drivers to the utilization of tools. The significance of the study was that it demonstrated the association between utilization of green building rating tools and environmental, technological, economic, and social green buildings practices by selected professionals in the Zambian building industry. There is a need to use materials and practices that are locally based and promote the local economy. The technical needs were met in tools, that were considered easy to use, interesting and comprehensive. Some of the green building rating tools were considered unsuitable due to the absence of appropriate criteria and the main economic challenge was the high cost of certification. The association was significant between utilization and those involved in a variety of projects than those who were involved in only residential buildings. Barriers to utilization were a lack of government regulations on green buildings designs and the high cost of certification. The drivers were environmental benefits, the interest of developers in green buildings, and having technical skills. The study recommends a review of the current building regulations to include green buildings practices and materials and adaptation of appropriate rating tools.

绿色贸易壁垒对中国纺织印染市场结构的长期影响

全球化背景下,环保议题与国际贸易的关系日益紧密。绿色贸易壁垒成为影响国际市场结构与竞争态势的重要因素。随着环境保护意识的增强,许多国家和地区已经开始通过制定更为严格的环保标准和规定来限制进口商品,虽旨在保护环境,却也对全球贸易流动和产业结构造成了深远影响。就绿色贸易壁垒对中国纺织印染市场结构的长期影响展开探讨,以期揭示这些贸易措施如何塑造行业竞争和市场动态,进而为相关领域提供一定的理论依据与实践指导。

中国农产品出口所面临的绿色贸易壁垒的产生原因、影响及对策——以中日农产品贸易为例

当前,伴随着国际贸易保护主义尤其是粮食贸易保护主义的盛行,世界主要粮食贸易国家纷纷设置绿色壁垒保护本国粮农。这种绿色贸易壁垒的存在给中国农产品出口带来了严重的影响和破坏,为了推动农产品贸易的稳定和发展,需要从理念、制度、标准等层面积极应对绿色贸易壁垒。因此,通过对中日两国之间农产品贸易的实际情况,探寻我国目前面临的绿色贸易壁垒的产生原因、影响及对策,并得出相关结论:中日农产品贸易绿色壁垒产生的原因主要有官方组织的影响、中国农产品价格优势较大、中国农产品存在客观上的绿色问题、中日双方产业结构相似等方面。绿色贸易壁垒对我国经济发展造成了消极影响:减少了我国农产品总出口量、阻碍了农业发展、削弱了中国农产品在海外的竞争优势等。提出了相应的对策:对绿色贸易壁垒进行客观评价;推进绿色农业生产,提高农产品出口水平;积极申请绿色认证;建立科学的预警反应体系;积极建立并发挥专业协会的作用。

淮海经济区绿色发展水平时空演变特征及障碍因子识别

文章基于绿色发展理念,构建淮海经济区绿色发展的综合评价指标体系,运用熵值法、空间自相关及障碍度模型测度和分析了2012-2018年淮海经济区19个地级市绿色发展水平的时空格局及其主要障碍因子。研究表明,(1)淮海经济区绿色发展水平在波动中略有提升,江苏省的绿色发展水平一直高于淮海经济区整体水平。(2)淮海经济区绿色发展呈现出“东南高,西部低”的特征,绿色发展存在差异性,经济因素是区域差异的主要原因,区内与区间的差异贡献度相近。绿色发展水平存在异质性,“高-高”区域主要集中在东南部,“低-低”区域主要集中在河南及其与山东和安徽交界区域。(3)外商直接投资、创新投入、工业企业生产效率、城市基础设施和城市环境治理水平的障碍作用较大。

公共数据开放能否促进区域绿色技术创新——基于政府数据平台上线的准自然实验

公共数据作为公共服务的重要基础资源,对地方经济政策的成功实施具有重要的推动作用。以中国地方政府推动公共数据开放平台上线作为准自然实验,基于2007—2022年中国地级市面板数据,采用多期双重差分模型进行实证分析,以检验公共数据开放是否有效促进了区域绿色技术创新。研究发现:公共数据的开放显著推动了区域绿色技术创新的发展,并且这一结论在经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立,进一步在PSM-DID和工具变量回归分析中得到验证。机制检验发现:这一影响主要归因于区域信息壁垒的消除和科技资源配置效率的提升。此外,公共数据开放对区域绿色技术创新的影响在不同地区间呈现出明显的异质性。特别是在中部地区、金融发展水平高以及公众环境关注度较高的地区,公共数据开放对区域绿色技术创新的促进作用更为显著。研究为量化评估数据要素开放共享在绿色技术创新中的经济效应提供了重要参考,有助于激发各地数据要素的开发潜能,并为制定合理的经济政策提供有力支持。

出口茶基地主要病虫害绿色防控

茶叶国际贸易是茶产业的重要组成部分,为应对国际贸易壁垒中目标市场对我国茶叶农药残留限量的要求,出口茶基地需要制定合理规范的病虫害防控策略,尤其是在农药的选择和使用方面,既要满足目标市场的质量安全要求,从源头上把控农药的使用风险,又要满足靶标病虫害防治的精准高效和生态友好,保障茶叶的产量和品质。

考虑碳减排需求的微电网低碳经济运行策略研究

在国内双碳目标以及国际碳关税、新电池法等绿色贸易壁垒影响下,用户侧碳减排需求急剧提升。微电网作为新型电力系统与用电负荷连接的重要桥梁,既能有效平衡本地分布式能源出力,同时可以推动用户侧绿色低碳转型,满足用户碳减排需求。为此,开展考虑碳减排需求的微电网经济运行策略研究。首先,构建了含风电光伏、绿电交易、储能、电动汽车、柔性负荷在内的微电网运行模型;然后,综合考虑碳排放成本、绿色电力交易和系统运行成本建立优化模型;最后,基于CPLEX求解工具对算例展开分析,结果表明所提方法能够适应新能源出力波动、电价变化以及碳价变化,显著降低系统碳排放量,满足微网内用户碳减排需求,提升系统低碳经济运行水平。

欧盟CBAM碳排放数据报告义务研究

[研究目的]对欧盟CBAM碳排放数据报告义务进行研究,对于维护我国国家和企业利益以及正常的国际贸易秩序具有重要意义。[研究方法]结合欧盟CBAM相关立法案的规定,运用规范分析和比较研究方法,检视碳排放数据报告义务可能引发的现实问题。[研究结论]在碳排放数据报告义务履行中,面临因制度差异下的规则适用冲突而引发的碳排放核算问题、因跨境提供中的利益风险而引发的碳排放数据安全问题以及因成本负担下的贸易挑战而引发的碳排放数据壁垒问题。为解决上述问题,应当完善碳排放核算核查机制、分级分类化解碳排放数据跨境风险、借助政策手段减轻企业成本负担、维护企业国际贸易竞争话语权。

国际绿色贸易壁垒形势下完善我国碳核算体系的对策研究

当前,一些国家和地区以应对全球气候变化危机为由组建了绿色贸易“碳壁垒”,试图利用碳排放核算和认证优势对我国产品出口形成抑制影响。面对这些新挑战,我国需完善碳核算体系建设,助力构建公平合理、合作共赢的全球气候治理体系和全球贸易体系。本文以完善我国碳核算体系为研究目标,总结了碳核算体系的内涵及建设进展,介绍了国际绿色贸易机制的核算报告要求,并采用比较分析法分析了我国碳市场、欧盟碳边境调节机制、《欧盟电池和废电池法规》在核算边界、核算方法、数据支撑及质量保障体系3个方面的差异。研究发现,我国碳市场在核算方法上与国际绿色贸易机制具有一致性,但在碳足迹体系、数据支撑及质量保障体系方面仍存在较大差距;这导致我国出口型企业依赖现有的核算体系将不足以应对“碳壁垒”,而核算体系的差异性可能进一步影响我国新兴产业的发展。为此,我国应秉持坚决反对缺乏公平性的绿色贸易壁垒这一基本立场,同时采取完善碳核算体系的具体措施:完善产品层面的碳核算体系,建立具有高公信力的排放因子数据平台,加强科研机构的研究支撑,强化数据安全管理,尽快建设受影响企业的碳排放核算与报告能力。

绿色饲料包装对我国饲料出口贸易的影响

在双循环背景下,为解决饲料产能增速放缓和国内市场趋于饱和的问题,各大饲料企业逐渐加快“走出去”的步伐,积极布局海外市场。随着我国饲料出口贸易规模的不断扩大,饲料企业面临的风险日益增加,如绿色壁垒。为此,饲料企业在转型升级和产业链整合过程中着重强调绿色发展,以技术创新为核心,构建绿色生产体系。并且绿色发展不仅限于绿色原料供给和绿色饲料添加剂研发,还要注重饲料衍生品的绿色环保,最典型的就是饲料包装。因为绿色饲料包装对我国饲料出口贸易存在一定影响,这种影响既有积极的一面也有消极的一面,因此,饲料企业需要针对消极影响制定应对策略。