A Review of Innovative Design Strategies for Prefabricated Green Buildings

Prefabricated green buildings are becoming a trend in the construction industry of China.The prefabricated components are made using modern technologies like green materials,artificial intelligence,and low-carbon and energy-saving techniques.This makes them an important aspect of the development of the construction industry in China,representing modernization and sustainable development.This article presents a study on the innovative design of prefabricated green buildings.This article serves to promote sustainable development on a macro level.

Impact of Green Buildings( LEED and Estidama) in the Middle East and China

0 Introduction The growing number of accredited green buildings reflects the development and adoption of various green building rating systems in our building construction industry globally and within the Middle East over the past 5 years.While the US based LEED system,Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design,has been widely utilized as an international

Review of Renewal Design of Industrial Heritage from the Perspective of Green Buildings

With the acceleration of global economic development and urbanization,industrial transformation and the outstanding ecological environment problems have made industrial heritage renewal receive more and more attention.In recent years,the related research conducted from the perspective of green buildings has also become one of the new hotspots.In this paper,CiteSpace software was used to make an econometric analysis of the related research in this field from 2004 to 2022 in CNKI database from the number of published papers,keyword clustering and emergentwords,and a knowledge chart was drawn.Besides,the development process,evolution trend and frontier hot spot of related research were sorted out and summarized.The results show that ① the green renewal of domestic industrial heritage has experienced three stages:embryonic stage,exploration stage and outbreak stage.②The research focuses on experience summary and project practice exploration.③The research hotspots are mainly distributed in the directions of protection strategy,evaluation system construction,green transformation technology,urban renewal,etc.,and the perspective tends to be diversified and presents the trend of multi-disciplinary intersection.The shortcomings of the research are as follows:industrial heritage research and green building research are relatively independent,and no systematic theoretical system of green transformation of industrial heritage has been formed;there is a lack of relatively comprehensive reconstruction evaluation guidelines,andevaluation models of green transformation of industrial heritage at different levels have not been established.

Implementation Path and Development Trend of Green Buildings Based on Life Cycle Management

In response to the Beautiful China development strategy,in accordance with the"applicable,economical,green and beautiful"architectural policy of the new era,green buildings have been continuously optimized and popularized.Based on the life cycle theory,from the multi-dimensional perspectives of policy,building materials,construction,design,evaluation standards,operation,etc.,this paper studied the implementation path and development trend of green buildings.It discussed the main implementation paths and restrictive factors of green buildings,and provided solutions and development directions.It mainly elaborated the influencing factors and development direction of green buildings,in order to provide a documentary support for the development of green building industry,and provide a certain reference for the ecological civilization construction of beautiful China.

Case Analysis of Environmental Friendliness of Green Buildings

During the process of construction and maintenance, buildings have had many negativeeffects on the environment, such as destruction of the ecological environment, consumption of naturalresources, air pollution and generation of large amounts of construction waste. The development of greenbuildings has greatly improved the negative impact of buildings on the environment. In the whole life cycleof construction and maintenance of buildings, the consumption of natural resources is reduced, and thedamage to the environment is reduced. In this article, the representative green buildings in Asia are analyzedfrom the aspects of regional humanity, land saving measures, energy-saving measures, behavior-guidedgreen design strategies, building materials, effective greening measures and smart city strategies, and theexcellent design strategies are summarized, in order to provide reference for future architectural practice.

Green Buildings:The Future of Sustainable Living

The objective of this research project was fulfilled through creation of a contemporary home,that of which undeniably projects modernization due to key LEED(leadership in energy and environmental design)features.Design of this project was carefully supervised by the civil engineering department at California State University,Northridge.The design incorporates a 3-story single-family home with a steel infrastructure.These design properties had a positive impact in LEED specific adjustments which assisted with the overall increase in sustainability.The six civil engineering senior students were able to successfully create a cost analysis and compare the benefits of a LEED incorporated design as opposed to a standard residential home.The difference between the two is evident as the highly sustainable building resulted in a 7.6%increase in overall cost.However,as the savings in energy progress over a 9-year period,the home will inevitably reduce the overall cost to the owner.This research project aided in allowing this diverse team of students to be exposed to real life scenarios,with incorporation of their knowledge acquired from the past 4 years.The diversity and teamwork of this group allowed for equal opportunities of innovation and leadership.Skills such as proper communication and critical thinking will significantly impact them as they progress in their careers as civil engineers.

Needs of Green Buildings Innovation and Implementation Flexibility for Prompt Effectiveness in Developing Countries

The construction concept is upgrading every year and major concern is given to the environment and human health.People’s activities for the sophistication has really degraded the component of environment which has impact in global warming,heat island effect and other hazardous effect causing negative impact to human health as well as environment.Now this trend need be changed and any construction work must be in collaboration with environment which is also coined as Green Building concept.In spite of many organizations’s effort this technology is being limited to some developed countries and no major progress is concluded in specially developing countries.Lack of awareness and misconception about the green building is limiting this concept.In order to make the green world very soon the system must be commenced from the government level itself.Government of every country should make grounds rules making basic green building categories and should register those building which have fulfilled the basic categories and certification must be given from government level itself evaluating the categories(Sustainable site development,Water saving,Energy efficiency,Material Selection,Indoor Environmental quality and Design)and innovation.Innovative design and implementation of engineering concept for every category must be given high priority.This paper forwards the concept of green buildings and basic categories which can be followed by government and basic planning design for everyone who can’t afford export which can be amend and implemented as per the context.

A COMPARISON OF INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL SATISFACTION BETWEEN TWO GREEN BUILDINGS AND A CONVENTIONAL BUILDING IN CHINA

Green buildings can have a more significant impact on their occupant health and productivity through improving indoor environment quality.However,post-occupancy studies invariably pointed out that green buildings were not always more comfortable and productive than non-green buildings.The article presents a comparison study between three buildings in Shenzhen aiming to examine the actual performance of green buildings from occupant point of view.The two green buildings marked a higher satisfaction on the health and productivity perception.However,in-depth examinations on IEQs showed some weaknesses in the two green buildings.On the comfort and satisfaction with the indoor air and temperature,the two green buildings performed better in summer but worse in winter.One of the two green buildings had significantly more noise from different sources than the conventional building.The other green building was significantly less satisfactory on the lighting environment than the conventional building.Implications were discussed for the green building designs and operations.

HOW DO GREEN BUILDINGS COMMUNICATE GREEN DESIGN TO BUILDING USERS?A SURVEY STUDY OF A LEED-CERTIFIED BUILDING

Studies investigating the benefits of green buildings can be approached by the affor-dance theory-the perceived properties of a thing that determine how it could pos-sibly be used.This study focuses on the sustainable communication and education that a green building should provide.By applying the affordance theory,we examined whether a LEED-certified university campus building effectively communicates green design and sustainability to its users and if so,then how?We employed a question-naire survey targeting campus users of a LEED-certified building by examining their awareness of the building’s LEED status and perception of green design elements at multiple spatial scales,as well as their general knowledge on green building topics.We collected 177 questionnaires,of which 153 were qualified for statistical analysis.The results suggested that the building itself can afford to promote awareness among users,but cannot afford to educate users on general green building knowledge.We found that building users perceived green design at different spatial scales,preferring either product or space-related design.Our results indicate that future design should continue promoting the use of educational signage,which was found to be the most effective communicator of sustainability.The communication of green design to users with different spatial preferences remains a future research focus.Further studies on the innovative use of green building design as effective communicators are needed to promote sustainability education among the building users.

DO OCCUPANTS IN GREEN BUILDINGS PRACTICE BETTER ENERGY SAVING BEHAVIOUR IN COMPUTER USAGE THAN OCCUPANTS IN CONVENTIONAL BUILDINGS?

Green buildings are not entirely successful in achieving energy saving targets.One way of improving energy targets is to encourage occupants to adopt energy saving behaviour.To date,energy saving behaviour has been given less focus in improving green building performance than other energy saving initiatives,such as retrofitting buildings for green features.This study uses comparison case studies between green buildings and conventional buildings in New Zealand to better understand the energy saving behaviour of occupants.Questionnaires were distributed to occupants in green and conventional buildings to evaluate the extent of energy saving behaviour practiced and to identify potential strategies to encourage energy saving behaviour.The objective of this paper is to investigate the level of energy saving behaviour between green and conventional office buildings to see if people in green buildings perform better energy saving behaviour than people in conventional buildings in computer usage.The findings do show better energy saving behaviour from occupants in green buildings than occupants in conventional buildings.The paper shows why this is the case.The recommended strategies to encourage energy saving behaviour used by different buildings are also discussed.Strategies include raising education awareness on energy efficiency among the building occupants,energy saving commitments,and to have an active building manager assigned for energy related matters.

A COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF GREEN BUILDINGS WITH RESPECT TO CONSTRUCTION WASTE MINIMIZATION USING BIG DATA IN HONG KONG

It is generally accepted that the extra construction costs involved in the construction of green buildings will result in benefits including lower operation costs,higher sale/rental prices,and better sustainability performance.However,there has been little recognition of construction waste minimization(CWM)as one of the important benefits of sustainability performance as designated in green building. is paper aims to provide a better understanding of the cost benefit of green buildings with respect to CWM by using big data in the context of Hong Kong.The study is innovative in that it conducts a cost-benefit analysis specifically on CWM of green buildings by mining large-volume datasets.A surprise finding is that Hong Kong’s green building rating system(GBRS),i.e.the BEAM Plus,has a negligible effect on CWM,while it generally increases construction costs by approximately 24%.Hence,the increased construction cost of green buildings cannot be offset by CWM if corresponding items in the BEAM Plus are not properly incentivized. is paper demonstrates the necessity of emphasizing CWM-related items in GBRSs and of taking appropriate measures to deal with them.It also provides better decision-support information on the increased construction costs and the attainable benefits of green building that developers may wish to consider when initiating a green building project.

MARKET READINESS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR GREEN BUILDINGS:CASE STUDY FROM HONG KONG

This study is to assess developers’market readiness to green construction including their ideas on green construction,their understanding of current green building policies,their awareness and familiarity with green building and related industries,and the barriers they are facing for implementing green building projects.By eleven face-to-face semi-structured interviews with locally-based developers,the study finds that the Green Building Market in Hong Kong is basically ready in technology level.However,the motivation for green development is confined to commercial buildings for lease.Legislation is agreed by developers as an effective motivator to green building development.An effective mechanism to provide incentives for market players to adopt green voluntarily is explored in this paper.Expedited permits and density bonus are thought to be major incentives.

CARBON EMISSION-BASED MEASUREMENT OF FLOOR AREA RATIO BONUS FOR RESIDENTIAL GREEN BUILDINGS IN CHINA

Green building development in China relies mainly on compulsory measures that lack incentive policies to motivate the enthusiasm of real estate developers.A floor area ratio bonus is encouraged by the Chinese State Council.In order to ensure the feasibility of a reward quota,residential buildings that met the requirement for energy efficiency during the official assessment in Ningbo in 2014 were selected as research objects.The amount of energy and water savings in terms of the Assessment Standard for Green Building is converted into carbon emissions.Carbon emissions of different star-rated green buildings are then measured in accordance with the actual water and power consumption of residential dwellings in 2014.A regression equation is set up concerning the floor area ratio and index for residential land per capita.A carbon emission-based method is proposed for measuring the reward quota associated with floor area ratio and recommendations are given for development using green building.

Application of Key Technologies in Green School Buildings: Taking Sino-German Future City Primary School as an Example

Green building is a manifestation of the response to the national“dual carbon”strategy.With the large-scale promotion of green buildings,the country has successively issued multiple evaluation standards for green buildings.Schools are places for preaching,teaching,and solving doubts,and the campus environment plays an important role in improving students’learning efficiency and promoting their physical and mental health.This article is based on the“Green Building Evaluation Standards”GB/T 50378-2019,analyzing and exploring the integration and application of key technologies in green schools,providing reference for green building designers.

To Promote Green Buildings in China: Lessons from the USA and EU

Buildings have contributed to the energy shortage, pollution and global climate change. To promote green buildings is the way access to the sustainable development. Currently, China has issued some regulations and systems to boost the green building. However, problems lie in China and the systems are not effective. USA and EU have rich experiences and fairly sophisticated legislation and policies to develop green building. China may get some lessens from these countries. This paper will make an overview of legal framework and main system of green building in China, then, analyses some important legal systems and typical case related green building in the USA and EU. Further, problems were pointed out in the China based on the comparative analysis of these countries. Lastly, according to the condition in China and lessons from USA and EU, this paper will put some suggests to promote green building, such as, take some measures to enhance the awareness of the stakeholders, create multi- incentive tools and so on.

Water Supply and Drainage Design for Prefabricated Buildings Under the Green Building Concept

With the continuous development of society and the market economy,people are putting forward higher and higher requirements for the construction,technology,and environmental friendliness of buildings.The prefabricated building not only has high installation efficiency,but is also safe and environmentally friendly,which is in line with the green building concept.The drainage design is a critical part of prefabricated buildings.In order to ensure the quality and construction efficiency of the building project,it is necessary to design the building water supply and drainage properly.Therefore,an in-depth investigation on prefabricated buildings was carried out in this paper,and water supply and drainage design for prefabricated buildings under the green building concept is proposed,in hopes of providing references for future water supply and drainage designs.

Development of dynamic shading control for daylight measures in green buildings towards overall energy efficiency of lighting and air-conditioning systems

The introduction of daylight can improve buildings’energy efficiency and bring benefit to occupant satisfaction.However,the introduction of daylight may accompany with excessive heat.Properly counterbalancing the energy consumption of air conditioning and lighting systems owing to the entry of daylight is a critical control target of dynamic shading adjustment in cooling season.Most dynamic shading control strategies in use only consider one single system.Additionally,for advanced control mode like performance-based control,the predictive model usually only examines the instantaneous effect of energy performance to determine the shading adjustment state,unable to quantify the overall influence of shading adjustment state on building energy consumption.In order to address this issue,special consideration is given to calculating the cumulative contribution of heat gains to cooling load in this study.An overall energy-efficient shading control metric is proposed and used as basis to develop optimized dynamic shading control strategy.An application example demonstrates that the SGR-Optimal control strategy can further save energy by 21.8%~38.8%when compared to the Rule-based control strategy,thus allowing a better exploration of the energy efficiency potential of daylight measure.

Research on Evaluation System of Green Residential Buildings in Cold Areas of Sichuan

With regard to the rapid growth of China’s building area and the increasing energy consumption of buildings, green buildings have become an important issue for balancing economic development and environmental impact. However, the current evaluation systems for various types of green buildings are often unable to achieve a set of standards in practice due to the distinct regional characteristics of each region. Therefore, in view of the regional characteristics of the climate, terrain, ecology, and economic development in the cold regions of Sichuan, it is important to study the evaluation system of green residential buildings suitable for the cold regions of Sichuan. This article focuses on the regional characteristics of climate, topography, ecology, and economic development in the cold regions of Sichuan, and discusses the limitations of the current standards on the practice of green building in cold regions of Sichuan through a sociological questionnaire survey on the comfort of living in the local population. Then from the two dimensions of the advantages of traditional houses and the particularity of national culture, the strategies for the optimization and improvement of the evaluation index system for green residential buildings in the cold regions of Sichuan were proposed. After comprehensively considering the factors that affect the green residential buildings, including the regional characteristics of the cold regions of Sichuan, and the green performance of buildings, local characteristics and ethnic features were included in the evaluation system. The evaluation index system of green residential buildings in the cold regions of Sichuan, consists of 92 three-level indicators. A professional hierarchical analysis software yaahp was used to establish a multi-level hierarchical model between the indicators, and the indicators were compared with each other layer by layer to clarify the importance of the indicators. Based on this, a judgment matrix for each layer was constructed and obtained. The weight of each indicator is accurate, and the scoring mechanism and grading standards are constructed according to it. Through the calculation, the consistency test of the entire model was passed, thereby confirming the scientificity and rationality of the entire evaluation system.

Environmental Strategies for Design of Sustainable Buildings in Technique of Green Eco-Architecture

Architecture is defined as a symbiosis of function, aesthetics, technology and economics. This paper introduces the concept of development of technology in architecture for a sustainable society. The concept is based on a systemic link building-climate-energy. The scientific analysis of this link allows us to define three technical levels of modern architecture. The lowest level is represented by low energy architecture that gives priority to the element of energy. Climate is defined only by physical parameters here. It is characterized by the production of emissions that deplete the Biocapacity of the Earth. Higher level of architecture is represented by green architecture which gives equal priority to both energy and ecology. Climate is defined by physical and chemical parameters here. It is characterized by the tendency of reduction of emissions production and move towards environmentally clean energy, material and water sources. Sustainable architecture represents the target program of development of human settlements in the interaction of society-energy-ecology. It is characterized by the balance of categories nature-man-technology and by minimizing the emissions production to the extent of their coverage by the Earth＇s ecosystems. This paper introduces design strategy for green building. The basic structure of the strategy defines, and internal structure of the strategy emphasizes, principles and concepts of green buildings. In this strategy, the vital role is played by renewable energy sources as a production technology of the capital provided to man by nature.

Research on Modem Passive Integrated Energy-saving Technology of the Residential Buildings under Green Building Background

This paper proposes the modem passive integrated energy-saving technology of the residential buildings under green building background. The essence of green building is to build a healthy and general environmentally friendly living environment under the premise of reducing the consumption of resources and improving the efficiency of resource utilization in the whole life cycle of construction activities. Green building bearing function is further diversified, integrated, and has a self-initiative. The development of the green building, local isolated from the original single building greening, greening, landscaping site platform, gradually developed for construction area and the surrounding green ecological system of comprehensive, three-dimensional stratified construction and network connection. Its model gradually shows the micro area of the construction of the ecological system and architectural space integration. This paper integrates the passive integrated energysaving technology to construct the novel construction paradigm.