Water quality and growth of phytoplankton for the Yellow River estuary reservoirs-The phytoplankton growth potential in reservoirs

In this test,we used phytoplankton assay procedure to carry out determinations of phytoplankton growth potential and limiting nutrients in Gengjing reservoir.The test results revealed that,in Gengying reservoir waters,the phytoplankton growth potential of the autoclaved-filtrates and the filtrates are from 0.2 to 2.1 mg/L and from 0 to 1.0 mg/L,and in waterway waters,those of the autoclaved-filtrates and the filtrates are from 0 to 3.3 mg/L and from 0 to 2.2 mg/L.The phytoplankton growth potential of the autoclaved filtrates is approximately two times higher than those of the filtrates.When phosphorus is adjusted beyond 0.5 mg/L,the growth of the phytoplankton is especially very high.Moreover,the limiting concentration of the phosphorus for the growth of phytoplankton is in the range of 0.025 to 0.05 mg/L;the phytoplankton growth potential of the grit chamber sediment samples is higher than those of the waterway sediment.

Selection of water source for water transfer based on algal growth potential to prevent algal blooms

Water transfer is becoming a popular method for solving the problems of water quality deterioration and water level drawdown in lakes. However, the principle of choosing water sources for water transfer projects has mainly been based on the effects on water quality, which neglects the influence in the variation of phytoplankton community and the risk of algal blooms. In this study, algal growth potential(AGP) test was applied to predict changes in the phytoplankton community caused by water transfer projects. The feasibility of proposed water transfer sources(Baqing River and Jinsha River) was assessed through the changes in both water quality and phytoplankton community in Chenghai Lake, Southwest China. The results showed that the concentration of total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) in Chenghai Lake could be decreased to 0.52 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L respectively with the simulated water transfer source of Jinsha River. The algal cell density could be reduced by 60%, and the phytoplankton community would become relatively stable with the Jinsha River water transfer project, and the dominant species of Anabaena cylindrica evolved into Anabaenopsis arnoldii due to the species competition. However, the risk of algal blooms would be increased after the Baqing River water transfer project even with the improved water quality. Algae gained faster proliferation with the same dominant species in water transfer source. Therefore, water transfer projects should be assessed from not only the variation of water quality but also the risk of algal blooms.

Supply-Side Structural Reforms and China's Potential Economic Growth Rate

This paper examines the effect of supply-side structural reforms on China＇s potential economic growth rate in the coming decade according to the data the authors have gathered. Under the rapid growth scenario with the implementation of supply-side structural reforms, China＇s potential economic growth rate will reach an average of 6.5% and 5.8% respectively in the 13th Five-year Plan （2016-2020） and 14th Five-year Plan （2021-2025） periods. These rates are 0.2 and 0.3 percentage points higher, respectively, than that under the baseline scenario with the inertia of historic trends. In implementing supply-side structural reforms, China must transform governmental functions, break monopolies, create a comprehensive competitive market environment, foster the creation of pro-innovation mechanisms, refocus on quality and efficiency, and raise capital utilization and labor productivity.

Setting China’s Growth Target Based on the Potential Growth Rate

Different from other methodologies for the forecasting of China＇s economic growth rate, this paper forecast of future potential growth rates from the end of China＇s demographic dividends, and then identified it as a growth target. Official promulgation of non-binding targets will guide social expectation, assist in government policy-making, boost confidence in consumers, and provide guidance for producers and investors. Based on our estimation results, we suggest that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, a GDP growth target between 6. 5% and 7% would be appropriate.

China’s Potential Economic Growths during 2015-2025 under Different Scenarios~

China has entered a crucial period of further growth and restructuring that will last until 2025. Based on a review of the major factors affecting China＇s potential economic growth, this paper has created an integrated economic system model consisting of system dynamics, econometrics, and input-output for the forecast of China＇s economic size and structure by 2025. Analysis shows that prior to 2025, China will be able to maintain a potential annual economic growth rate of 5.7%-7.2%. Faced with an international environment of a possible slowdown of advanced economies and diminishing demographic dividends, China needs to further expedite its urbanization process, enhance R＆D and education spending, increase total factor productivity （TFP）, vigorously develop the tertiary sector, and expand consumption in order to achieve the optimistically estimated growth of 6.6%-7.4% during the period of 2015-2025. Economic growth should be accompanied by the upgrade of industry structure and improvement of investment and consumption structures.

Transition from Demographic Dividend to Reform Dividend:——Simulation of China's Potential Growth Rate

Due to diminishing demographic dividend characterized by a falling workingage population and rising dependency ratio, China's long-term potential growth rates will keep declining, likely to be a mere 6.6% during the 13 th Five-Year Plan period(2016-2020). China's economic growth sustainability hinges upon its transition from the previous dependence on demographic dividend to the future reform dividend. In the growth accounting equation, we have simulated various reform initiatives and arrived at the following findings. First, although both the labor participation rate and TFP can increase China's potential growth rate, the former will only achieve a short-term growth effect, which will diminish in the long run. By contrast, the growth effect of TFP demonstrates the tendency of continuous increase. This further indicates that China's economic growth will increasingly rely on TFP improvement instead of traditional factor input. Second, different from the diminishing growth effect of enrolment rate, training may play a pivotal role in human capital development to significantly enhance potential growth rates. Third, if all reform initiatives can achieve their expected effects, integrated reform dividends may reach one or two percentage points of China's potential growth rate.

Transforming Adolescent Smiles:Correcting Skeletal Mandibular Retrusion and Bimaxillary Protrusion with Clear Aligners

Maxillary protrusion combined with mandibular retraction is a highly prevalent but extremely complex maxillofacial deformity that can have a serious negative impact on patients’facial aesthetics and mental health.The traditional orthodontic treatment strategy often involves extracting 4 first premolars and conventional fixed techniques,combined with mini-implant screws,to retract the anterior teeth and improve facial protrusion.In recent years,an invisible orthodontic technique,without brackets,has become increasingly popular.However,while an invisible aligner has been used in some cases with reasonable results,there remain significant challenges in achieving a perfect outcome.This case report presents an adolescent patient with bimaxillary protrusion and mandibular retrognathia.Based on the characteristics of the invisible aligners and the growth characteristics of the adolescent’s teeth and jawbone,we designed precise three-dimensional tooth movement and corresponding resistance/over-correction for each tooth,while utilizing the patient’s jawbone growth potential to promote rapid development of the mandible,accurately and efficiently correcting bimaxillary protrusion and skeletal mandibular retrognathia.The patient’s facial aesthetics,especially the lateral morphology,have been greatly improved,and various aesthetic indicators have also shown significant changes,and to the patient’s great benefit,invasive mini-implant screws were not used during the treatment.This case highlights the advantages of using invisible aligners in adolescent maxillary protrusion combined with mandibular retraction patients.Furthermore,comprehensive and accurate design combined with good application of growth potential can also enable invisible orthodontic technology to achieve perfect treatment effects in tooth extractions,providing clinical guidance for orthodontists.

China’s Economic Growth and High-Quality Development:2020-2035

The time period between 2020 and 2035 is vital for China to achieve its second centennial goal.During this period,China must avoid the middle-income trap and achieve socialist modernization.To accomplish this goal,China must maintain a certain pace of economic growth and strive to double its real GDP per capita by 2035.However,by the current growth trajectory,China’s average economic growth rate is expected to stay at approximately 3.8%over the period between 2020-2035.This makes the GDP per capita growth target hard to achieve.Even when in a high-quality development stage,China should speed up economic growth while enhancing growth quality.Speed and quality are interdependent rather than contradictory with each other.To ramp up economic growth potentials,China must proceed with market-oriented reforms and shift economic growth drivers.To improve economic growth quality,household consumption should be increased to unleash China’s full potential,not only as the factory floor of the world but also one of world’s biggest markets,i.e.“dual circulations.”With appropriate policy response,China’s economy will be poised to achieve the goal of doubling real GDP per capita by 2035,marking a large stride in its economic aggregate and urban and rural household per capita incomes.

China’s Proactive Fiscal Policy

In contrast to the traditional Western approach to macro-fiscal management,China’s proactive fiscal policy is founded on a people-centered development philosophy and,with distinctive Chinese characteristics,is a significant policy innovation of macroeconomic management in the Chinese modernization.Although there are notable distinctions between the Western“Keynesian”and the“nonKeynesian”schools of thought,both of these approaches’core policy goals and methodological roots are the same,composing the traditional Western macro-fiscal approach.This approach faces increasing real dilemmas.China’s proactive fiscal policy,however,places greater emphasis on future potential growth rates in addition to equilibrium between supply and demand,achieving a fiscal policy transformation with a new approach.In this paper we argue that with such a new approach,China should reconsider the nature and reasonable level of the fiscal deficit,the function and risk assessment criteria of government debt,the scope and effects of reductions in taxes and fees,its approach and focus of demand management,and the costs and resulting efficiencies of policies in order to develop a new fiscal policy paradigm that is more in line with its stated goals.

Potential production simulation and optimal nutrient management of two hybrid rice varieties in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China

Potential growth of two widely-grown hybrid rice varieties in the Jinhua district of Zhejiang Province, Shanyou63 for mid-rice and Xieyou46 for late rice, was simulated using a crop growth model of WOFOST. Parameters of the rice growth in WOFOST were calibrated through field experiments from 1999 to 2002 in Jinhua. The potential yield simulated with WOFOST was about 12 t/ha for Shanyou63 and 10 t/ha for Xieyou46, which are in good agreement with the highest recorded yield obtained in this area. Under farmers practice, current yield is about 7.5 t/ha for Shanyou63 and 6.5 t/ha for Xieyou46. There is a gap between the actual rice yield and the potential yield for these two hybrid rice varieties grown in this area. The attainable target yields were set to 70% to 75% of their potential yields for the two varieties. A recently developed software "Nutrient Decision Support System (NuDSS)" for irrigated rice was used to optimize nutrient management for these two rice varieties. According to NuDSS, the optimal fertilizer N requirement for the target yields was about 150 kg/ha for Shanyou63 and about 120 kg/ha for Xieyou46, which were only about 70% of the fertilizer N application under current farmers' practice. Comparing with farmers' practice, there is great potential to increase actual rice yields and to reduce fertilizer N use rates by improving rice crop management practice in Jinhua.

China＇s Transition Phase and Long-Term Development Path, Efficiency and Growth Rates

This paper examines the transition of growth stage China is about to experience and the main conclusions are as follows： （1） Phase Ⅰ of economic growth driven by investment and export is losing the momentum of efficiency enhancement through intervention and the growth stage of efficiency enhancement through structural adjustment is coming to an end. Urbanization and the development of service sector will inaugurate Phase Ⅱ of stable economic growth characterized by structural optimization through efficiency enhancement; （2） Three leading factors promoting the transition from Phase Ⅰ to Phase Ⅱ include： demographic changes and the emergence of workforce turning point, the reversion of factor elasticity parameters of long-term growth function, and service-oriented economic structure; （3） Developed provinces and municipalities in east China have already entered into the channel of economic deceleration. With increasing urbanization rate, accelerating service-oriented structure and declining demographic dividend after 2016, China＇s economic slowdown would be inevitable if labor productivity fails to improve.

Water status of bare-root seedlings of Chinese fir and Masson pine

Water relation parameters of bare-root seedlings of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook.) and Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) were measured and changes of root growth potential as well as field survival rate of both species were studied after the bare-root seedlings were exposed in a sunny field condition. The results showed that Masson pine had a lower osmotic potential (-2.07Mpa) at turgor loss point and at full turgor (-1.29Mpa), compared with Chinese fir (-1.80Mpa and -1.08Mpa respectively). The parameter Vp/V0 (63.27%) of Masson pine was higher than that of Chinese fir (58.03%). This means that Masson pine has a stronger ability to tolerate desiccation, compared to Chinese fir according to analysis of above water relation parameters. Root growth potential and field survival rate decreased with prolonging duration of exposure. The field survival rate of both species was reduced to less than 40% after the seedling being exposed only two hours. Water poten-tials of 1.60 Mpa and -1.70 Mpa were suggested to be critical values for Chinese fir and Masson pine respectively in successful reforestation.

Report on Screening Test of Dazhou Superior Ramie Germplasm Resources

[Objectives]To promote the development of the ramie industry in Dazhou City of Sichuan Province and provide a material basis for the breeding of new ramie varieties.[Methods]The Institute of Bast Fiber Crops of Dazhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences performed a screening test of excellent ramie germplasm resources from 2017 to 2019 to compare the growth,resistance,raw fiber yield and fiber fineness of the experimental materials.[Results]All the experimental materials showed strong growth potential,drought resistance and disease resistance.There were 8 kinds of resources with a fiber fineness greater than 2000 m/g,of which 3 kinds of resource materials had a fiber fineness greater than 2300 m/g;12 kinds of resources has the raw fiber yield exceeding the control and 10 kinds of resources had the raw fiber yield≥2000 kg/ha;3 kinds of resources met the requirements of the high-yield and high-quality indicators(fiber fineness exceeding 2000 m/g and raw fiber yield≥2000 kg/ha),they were BD0718,BD1614 and BYL2.[Conclusions]These high-quality ramie resources can provide a rich resource base for the breeding of new ramie varieties.

Evaluation of nutrient limitation in aquatic ecosystems with nitrogen fixing bacteria

There has always been a great need for simple and accurate bioassays for evaluating nutrient limitation in aquatic ecosystems. Whereas organic carbon is usually considered to be the limiting nutrient for microbial growth in many aquatic ecosystems, there are, however, many water sources that are limited by phosphorus or nitrogen. A method named ＂nitrogen fixing bacterial growth potential＂ （NFBGP） test, which is based on pre-culturing of autochthonous （target） microorganisms was described. The method was applied to evaluate phosphorus or nitrogen nutrient limitation in lake and sewage water samples using an isolate of the nitrogen fixing bacterium, Azorhizobium sp. WS6. The results corresponded well to those from the traditional algal growth potential （AGP） test and the bacterial regrowth potential （BRP） test, suggesting that the NFBGP test is a useful supplementary method for evaluating the limiting nutrient, especially phosphorus, in an aquatic environment.

Population Change and Resulting Slowdown in Potential GDP Growth in China

As a result of the shrinking working age population （aged 15 to 59 years）, all factors that have driven China＇s rapid economic growth over the past 30years tend to diminish from 2010. The present paper estimates the average annual growth rate of potential output to be 7.2percent over the 12th Five-year Plan period and 6.1 percent over the 13th Five-year Plan period. Future sustainable growth requires furthering economic reform in related areas to enhance potential growth. This paper simulates two scenarios in which both an increase in labor force participation and improvement in total factor productivity can significantly enhance the potential GDP growth rate. Relevant policy implications are discussed.

China＇s Economic Slowdown under Supply-Side Perspective

This paper creates an analytical framework for ongoing China＇s economic slowdown and reveals the major.factors affecting potential growth rate. First, proceeding from the factors that led to a decline in China ＇s potential growth rate, this paper demonstrates that the slowdown since 2012 is not caused by demand-side shock.s＇ but is a natural result of the demographic transition and the change of economic development stage that stemmed from supply-side factors. It is therefore suggested that the demand- side perspective for cyclical analysis must be abandoned and the supply-side perspective for growth analysis ought to be followed Secondly, this paper argues that it is theoretically unjounded and empirically unconvincing for existing literature based on the growth perspective to simply apply the statistical pattern of ＂regression towards the mean＂ to forecast China ＇s growth outlook and thus arrive at pessimistic conclusions. On this basis, this paper identifies a host of initiatives that can significantly increase potential growth rates and proposes policy recommendations for deriving reform dividends foom supply-side structural reform.

The New Normal from the Perspective of Macro History and Grand Logic of China's Economic Development

This paper attempts to explain the "new normal" of China's economic development put forward by XI Jinping, the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, from three perspectives. First, as the new normal is a natural phase of long-term development in the country's renaissance, recognition of it helps policy-making to hold a historical perspective and maintain a patience in the face of growth slowdown. Second, the new normal as the logic of China's economic development underlines the necessity and urgency of transforming growth patterns and growth drivers. Third, different from the "new mediocre" of the world economy, the new normal reveals great potentials of sustainable growth of the Chinese economy that must be tapped through structural reforms.

Identifying and Tracing Single Products During Their Entire Life Cycle Through Networked Manufacturing System

This study covers the problem that most products become less competitive especially in the decline stages of their life cycle as most companies do not put adequate emphasis on using networked manufacturing systems in the entire life cycle of a single product. The study employed a non-experimental approach to collect data. The research paper relied on secondary data for further analysis. The secondary sources used in this paper have been referenced progressively in the entire paper. The paper found that most companies are often faced with the challenge of coping with quality management in a product life cycle. Also, it found that networked manufacturing systems have provided a new paradigm for real-time monitoring and control at various life stages. The paper is divided as following parts： section 1 is about the background and problem statement. Section 2 comes through literature review including theoretical ＆ empirical review. Section 3 explains the procedures and methods that were used in carrying out the study. It explains how data collection was carried out and how data analysis was performed. Section 4 is about the results the paper found. Section 5 is a discussion of the results presented.

Research on identification of potential knowledge growth points in information science

The scientific system’s complexity makes it impossible to solve social problems by a single discipline independently,and interdisciplinary knowledge cooperation and innovation become an indispensable research mode of modern science.Identifying the potential interdisciplinary knowledge association is the key to promoting interdisciplinary cooperation.In this paper,based on analyzing the growth points of science,"knowledge growth point"is defined as the growth point of science that produces new knowledge,and its fundamental attributes and evaluation indexes have been analyzed.In contrast,the"interdisciplinary knowledge growth point"is defined as the introduction of related interdisciplinary concepts,theories,techniques,and methods,to conduct integrated research of key knowledge points of active disciplines,to generate growth point of innovative knowledge,and analyze its related research status.The identification of"potential interdisciplinary knowledge growth points"is helpful to promote knowledge innovation.Therefore,it is intended to analyze the identification methods of the generation of key knowledge nodes of the element of disciplines and interdisciplinary related knowledge,and explore quantitative and qualitative consultation to identify potential interdisciplinary knowledge growth points.