Application of Heuristic Method to the Clinical Teaching of Internal Medicine

There is an old saying,“Give a man a fish,and he will eat for a day.Teach a man to fish,and he will eat for the rest of his life.”In clinical teaching,students should not only be taught about diseases,but their intelligence should also be cultivated,along with their analytical,comprehension,and independent learning skills.The ability to solve problems enables students to think independently and acquire knowledge.This is known as the heuristic method of teaching.In this study,we mainly analyze the application value of the heuristic method in the clinical teaching of internal medicine.

On the Computing of the Minimum Distance of Linear Block Codes by Heuristic Methods

The evaluation of the minimum distance of linear block codes remains an open problem in coding theory, and it is not easy to determine its true value by classical methods, for this reason the problem has been solved in the literature with heuristic techniques such as genetic algorithms and local search algorithms. In this paper we propose two approaches to attack the hardness of this problem. The first approach is based on genetic algorithms and it yield to good results comparing to another work based also on genetic algorithms. The second approach is based on a new randomized algorithm which we call 'Multiple Impulse Method (MIM)', where the principle is to search codewords locally around the all-zero codeword perturbed by a minimum level of noise, anticipating that the resultant nearest nonzero codewords will most likely contain the minimum Hamming-weight codeword whose Hamming weight is equal to the minimum distance of the linear code.

Heuristic Method for Job Shop Scheduling Problem with Combination Processing

A job shop scheduling problem with a combination processing in complex production environment is proposed. Based on the defining of ＂non-elastic combination processing relativity＂ and ＂virtual process＂, the problem can be simplified and transformed to a traditional one. On the basis of the dispatching rules select engine and considered factors of complex production environment, a heuristic method is designed. The algorithm has been applied to a mould enterprise in Shenzhen for half a year. The practice showed that by using the method suggested the number of delayed orders was decreased about 20% and the productivity was increased by 10 to 20%.

Determination of a suitable index for a solvent via two-column extractive distillation using a heuristic method

The traditional approach to solvent selction in the extractive distillation process strictly focuses on the change in the relative voltility of light-heavy components induced by the solvent.However,the total annual cost of the process may not be minimal when the solvent induces the largest change in relative volatility.This work presents a heuristic method for selecting the optimal solvent to minimize the total annual cost.The functional relationship between the relative volatility and the total annual cost is established,where the main factors,such as the relative volatility of the light-heavy components and the relative volatility of the heavy-component solvent,are taken into account.Binary azeotropic mixtures of methanol-toluene and methanol-acetone are separated to verify the feasibility of the model.The results show that using the solvent with the minimal two-column extractive distillation index,the process achieves a minimal total annual cost.The method is conducive for sustainable advancements in chemistry and engineering because a suitable solvent can be selected without simulation verification.

Quantitative structure-activity relationship of compounds binding to estrogen receptor β based on heuristic method

Estrogen compounds may pose a serious threat to the health of humans and wildlife. The estrogen receptor （ER） exists as two subtypes, ERα and ERβ. Compounds might have different relative affinities and binding modes for ERα and ERβ. In this study, the heuristic method was performed on 31 compounds binding to ERβ to select 5 variances most related to the activity （LogRBA） from 1524 variances, which were then employed to develop the best model with the significant correlation and the best predictive power （γ^2 = 0.829, q^2LOO = 0.742, γ^2pred = 0.772, q^2ext = 0.724, RMSEE = 0.395） using multiple linear regression （MLR）. The model derived identified critical structural features related to the activity of binding to ERβ. The applicability domain （AD） of the model was assessed by Williams plot.

Spatio-temporal heuristic method:a trajectory planning for automatic parking considering obstacle behavior

Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to develop a real-time trajectory planner with optimal maneuver for autonomous vehicles to deal with dynamic obstacles during parallel parking.Design/methodology/approach–To deal with dynamic obstacles for autonomous vehicles during parking,a long-and short-term mixed trajectory planning algorithm is proposed in this paper.In long term,considering obstacle behavior,A-star algorithm was improved by RS curve and potential function via spatio-temporal map to obtain a safe and efficient initial trajectory.In short term,this paper proposes a nonlinear model predictive control trajectory optimizer to smooth and adjust the trajectory online based on the vehicle kinematic model.Moreover,the proposed method is simulated and verified in four common dynamic parking scenarios by ACADO Toolkit and QPOASE solver.Findings–Compared with the spline optimization method,the results show that the proposed method can generate efficient obstacle avoidance strategies,safe parking trajectories and control parameters such as the front wheel angle and velocity in high-efficient central processing units.Originality/value–It is aimed at improving the robustness of automatic parking system and providing a reference for decision-making in a dynamic environment.

A two-stage heuristic method for vehicle routing problem with split deliveries and pickups

The vehicle routing problem(VRP) is a well-known combinatorial optimization issue in transportation and logistics network systems. There exist several limitations associated with the traditional VRP. Releasing the restricted conditions of traditional VRP has become a research focus in the past few decades. The vehicle routing problem with split deliveries and pickups(VRPSPDP) is particularly proposed to release the constraints on the visiting times per customer and vehicle capacity, that is, to allow the deliveries and pickups for each customer to be simultaneously split more than once. Few studies have focused on the VRPSPDP problem. In this paper we propose a two-stage heuristic method integrating the initial heuristic algorithm and hybrid heuristic algorithm to study the VRPSPDP problem. To validate the proposed algorithm, Solomon benchmark datasets and extended Solomon benchmark datasets were modified to compare with three other popular algorithms. A total of 18 datasets were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The computational results indicated that the proposed algorithm is superior to these three algorithms for VRPSPDP in terms of total travel cost and average loading rate.

QSAR prediction of antagonistic activity of PCBs towards human PXR by using heuristic method and best subset modeling

Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) can antagonize human pregnane X receptor(hPXR) activation.Such chemicals could pose a serious threat to the reproductive and developmental ability of humans.The quantitative structure activity relationship(QSAR) provides a promising method for the estimation of PCBs' antagonistic activity.In this investigation,a QSAR model was developed by using heuristic method and best subset modeling(r2 = 0.873,q2LOO=0.742).The built model was validated externally by splitting the original data set into training and prediction sets.The results of the model derived are as follows:r2 = 0.907,q2LOO=0.709,r2pred=0.676,suggesting developed QSAR model had good robustness and predictive ability.The applicability domain(AD) of the model was assessed by Williams plot.The antagonistic activity(?logKi) of 108 PCBs,which are unavailable by experiment at present,was predicted within the applicability domain of the model.The critical structural features related to the activity of PCBs were identified.

On determining the weight of edges in map-representing graphs-applications of heuristic methods in planning escape routes

In the paper we discuss and compare two commonly used methods of finding the shortest paths in networks,namely Dijkstra’s and A*algorithms.We compare their effectiveness in terms of traversing road network in circumstances that require swift decision making in the event of dynamically changing road conditions on the basis of studies conducted for evacuation plans.To build a proper model of such a network,a method of appropriate edge-weighting is introduced,based on empirical data collected by other researchers.Then,we use the basics of the theory of quasimetric spaces to introduce a heuristic to such graphs,which is easy to calculate metric.The heuristic we obtain is both admissible and consistent,which allows us to use it efficiently in A*search algorithms.The developed application can be used in studies into evacuation from hazardous areas.In this case,optimum calculative efficiency is achievable with a simultaneous reduction of calculation time(when compared to Dijkstra’s algorithm).Our application can be applied during the first stage,i.e.,prior to the occurrence of a disaster,since this is an appropriate time for preparation by planning,drilling,early warning,and designating the rescue services that are to participate in the following stages.

A Heuristic Method for Some NP-hard Robust Combinatorial Optimization Problems

Assume there are several states, and the objective function f\+s(x) is linked with each state s. Robust optimization is to solve the following problem: min x∈X max s∈Sf\+s(x)where X is the feasible solution set, and S is the collection of states.\;It has been showed that most of robust combinatorial optimization problems are NP\|hard in strong sense. In this paper, we will discuss the borderline between the ′easy′ and the ′hard′ cases of robust combinatorial optimization problems, and further present a heuristic frame work to solve the ′hard′ problems and discuss their concrete implementation of the heuristic method.

Algorithms for Multicriteria Scheduling Problems to Minimize Maximum Late Work, Tardy, and Early

This study examines the multicriteria scheduling problem on a single machine to minimize three criteria: the maximum cost function, denoted by maximum late work (Vmax), maximum tardy job, denoted by (Tmax), and maximum earliness (Emax). We propose several algorithms based on types of objectives function to be optimized when dealing with simultaneous minimization problems with and without weight and hierarchical minimization problems. The proposed Algorithm (3) is to find the set of efficient solutions for 1//F (Vmax, Tmax, Emax) and 1//(Vmax + Tmax + Emax). The Local Search Heuristic Methods (Descent Method (DM), Simulated Annealing (SA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and the Tree Type Heuristics Method (TTHM) are applied to solve all suggested problems. Finally, the experimental results of Algorithm (3) are compared with the results of the Branch and Bound (BAB) method for optimal and Pareto optimal solutions for smaller instance sizes and compared to the Local Search Heuristic Methods for large instance sizes. These results ensure the efficiency of Algorithm (3) in a reasonable time.

Comparative study of various methods for extraction of multi-quantum wells Schottky diode parameters

In this work,forward current voltage characteristics for multi-quantum wells Al_(0.33)Ga_(0.67)As Schottky diode were measured at temperature ranges from 100 to 300 K.The main parameters of this Schottky diode,such as the ideality factor,barrier height,series resistance and saturation current,have been extracted using both analytical and heuristics methods.Differential evolution(DE),particle swarm optimization(PSO)and artificial bee colony(ABC)have been chosen as candidate heuristics algorithms,while Cheung technic was selected as analytical extraction method.The obtained results show clearly the high performance of DE algorithms in terms of parameters accuracy,convergence speed and robustness.

A Bound Heuristic Technique for Solving DRAMA Spares Optimizations

This paper studies the solution technique to solve the DRAMA spares allocation optimization problem. DRAMA model is an analytic spare optimization model of a multi-item, multi-location, and two-echelon inventory system. The computation of its system spares availability is much complicated. The objective function and constraint functions of DRAMA model could be written as the separable forms. A new bound heuristic algorithm has been presented by improving the bound heuristic algorithm for solving the reliability redundancy optimization problem (BHA in short). With the results, the proposed algorithm has been found to be more economical and effective than BHA to obtain the solutions of large DRAMA model. The new algorithm could be used to solve reliability redundancy optimization problems with the separable forms.

Chromatographic fingerprint analysis of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus by HPLC-DAD and chemometric methods

An efficient method for quality control of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus (FAI),a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was established. A simple and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD) procedure coupled with chemometric methods was developed for fingerprint analysis,qualitative analysis and quantitative determination of this herb. In qualitative and quantitative analyses,heuristic evolving latent projection (HELP) method was employed to resolve the overlapping peaks of the tested samples. Two bioactive components,namely hesperidin and naringin,are confirmed and determined,together with four flavonoids compounds tentatively identified including two new ones. From fingerprint analysis,the fingerprint data were processed with correlation coefficients for quantitative expression of their similarity and dissimilarity. The developed method based on an integration of chromatographic fingerprint and quantitative analysis is scientific,and the obtained results can be applied to the quality control of herb medicine.

Residential Revitalization through the Universal Heuristic Evaluation Model （UHEM）

The study aims to propose using a universal heuristic evaluation model （UHEM） to improve the functional and physical performance of residential buildings. Since, ＂everyone should be able to enter and use any part of the built environment as independently and naturally as possible＂, the old buildings should be revitalized with respect to an inclusive approach. However, research on current design practice showed that there is a lack of systematic evaluation and revitalization methods. Hence, the main objective of the proposed UHEM model is to evaluate existing residential environments and requalify them with respect to an inclusive approach. The study concludes by highlighting the importance of UHEM from two points of view： （i） the importance of a systematic evaluation approach to effectively deal with the challenge of requalifying the residential environments and （ii） the designers＇ key role during the revitalization process.

Study on the tradeoff between interpretability and precision in fuzzy modeling

An approach to identifying fuzzy models considering both interpretability and precision was proposed. Firstly, interpretability issues about fuzzy models were analyzed. Then, a heuristic strategy was used to select input variables by increasing the number of input variables, and the Gustafson-Kessel fuzzy clustering algorithm, combined with the least square method, was used to identify the fuzzy model. Subsequently, an interpretability measure was described by the product of the number of input variables and the number of rules, while precision was weighted by root mean square error, and the selection objective function concerning interpretability and precision was defined. Given the maximum and minimum number of input variables and rules, a set of fuzzy models was constructed. Finally, the optimal fuzzy model was selected by the objective function, and was optimized by a genetic algorithm to achieve a good tradeoff between interpretability and precision. The performance of the proposed method was illustrated by the well-known Box-Jenkins gas furnace benchmark; the results demonstrate its validity.

Debris flow susceptibility and propagation assessment in West Koyulhisar, Turkey

Turkey is highly prone to landslides because of the geological and geographic location.The study area,which is located in a tectonically active region,has been significantly affected by mass movements.Flow type landslides are frequently observed due to this location.This study aims at determining the source area and propagation of debris flows in the study area.We used the heuristic method to extract source areas of debris flow,and then used receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis to assess the performance of the method,and finally calculated the Area under curve(AUC)values being 83.64%and 80.39%for the success rate and prediction rate,respectively.We calculated potential propagation area and runout distance with Flow-R software.In conclusion,the obtained results(susceptibility map,propagation and runout distance)are very important for decisionmakers at the region located on an active fault zone,which is highly prone to natural disasters.The outputs of this study could be used in site selection studies,designing erosion prevention systems and protecting existing human-made structures.

Flight Schedule Recovery under Uncertain Airport Capacity

Airlines adjust their flight schedules to satisfy more stringent airport capacity constraints caused by inclement weather or other unexpected disruptions.The problem will be more important and complicated if uncertain disruptions occur in hub airports.A two-stage stochastic programming model was established to deal with the realtime flight schedule recovery and passenger re-accommodation problem.The first-stage model represents the flight re-timing and re-fleeting decision in current time period when capacity information is deterministic,while the second-stage recourse model evaluates the passenger delay given the first-stage solutions when one future scenario is realized.Aiming at the large size of the problem and requirement for quick response,an algorithmic framework combining the sample average approximation and heuristic method was proposed.The computational results indicated of that the proposed method could obtain solutions with around 5% optimal gaps,and the computing time was linearly positive to the sample size.

Efficient decomposition-based algorithm to solve long-term pipeline scheduling problem

This paper addresses the scheduling and inventory management of a straight pipeline system connecting a single refinery to multiple distribution centers.By increasing the number of batches and time periods,maintaining the model resolution by using linear programming-based methods and commercial solvers would be very time-consuming.In this paper,we make an attempt to utilize the problem structure and develop a decomposition-based algorithm capable of finding near-optimal solutions for large instances in a reasonable time.The algorithm starts with a relaxed version of the model and adds a family of cuts on the fly,so that a near-optimal solution is obtained within a few iterations.The idea behind the cut generation is based on the knowledge of the underlying problem structure.Computational experiments on a real-world data case and some randomly generated instances confirm the efficiency of the proposed algorithm in terms of the solution quality and time.

Quantitative Structure-retention Relationship Study on the GC-MS Retention Time of Illicit Drugs

A quantitative structure-retention relationship（QSRR） study has been carried out on the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry（GC-MS） system retention time（RT） of two sets of illicit drugs by using molecular structural descriptors.Heuristic method（HM） was utilized to construct the linear models.Appropriate models with low standard errors and high correlation coefficients were obtained（R2=0.9873,F=390.18 for data set 1 and R2=0.9881,F=749.13 for data set 2）.The results of leave-one-out cross validation showed good predictive ability of these proposed models（R c2v= 0.9812 and R c2v= 0.9824,respectively）.Each molecular descriptor in the two models was disputed to unfold the relationship between the molecular structures and RT.