Existence of hidden attractors in nonlinear hydro-turbine governing systems and its stability analysis

This work studies the stability and hidden dynamics of the nonlinear hydro-turbine governing system with an output limiting link,and propose a new six-dimensional system,which exhibits some hidden attractors.The parameter switching algorithm is used to numerically study the dynamic behaviors of the system.Moreover,it is investigated that for some parameters the system with a stable equilibrium point can generate strange hidden attractors.A self-excited attractor with the change of its parameters is also recognized.In addition,numerical simulations are carried out to analyze the dynamic behaviors of the proposed system by using the Lyapunov exponent spectra,Lyapunov dimensions,bifurcation diagrams,phase space orbits,and basins of attraction.Consequently,the findings in this work show that the basins of hidden attractors are tiny for which the standard computational procedure for localization is unavailable.These simulation results are conducive to better understanding of hidden chaotic attractors in higher-dimensional dynamical systems,and are also of great significance in revealing chaotic oscillations such as uncontrolled speed adjustment in the operation of hydropower station due to small changes of initial values.

Complex transient dynamics of hidden attractors in a simple 4D system

A simple four-dimensional system with only one control parameter is proposed in this paper. The novel system has a line or no equilibrium for the global control parameter and exhibits complex transient transition behaviors of hyperchaotic attractors, periodic orbits, and unstable sinks. Especially, for the nonzero-valued control parameter, there exists no equilibrium in the proposed system, leading to the formation of various hidden attractors with complex transient dynamics. The research results indicate that the dynamics of the system shows weak chaotic robustness and depends greatly on the initial states.

Coexisting hidden attractors in a 4D segmented disc dynamo with one stable equilibrium or a line equilibrium

This paper introduces a four-dimensional （4D） segmented disc dynamo which possesses coexisting hidden attractors with one stable equilibrium or a line equilibrium when parameters vary. In addition, by choosing an appropriate bifurcation parameter, the paper proves that Hopf bifurcation and pitchfork bifurcation occur in the system. The ultimate bound is also estimated. Some numerical investigations are also exploited to demonstrate and visualize the corresponding theoretical results.

Hidden attractors in a new fractional-order discrete system: Chaos, complexity, entropy, and control

This paper studies the dynamics of a new fractional-order discrete system based on the Caputo-like difference operator.This is the first study to explore a three-dimensional fractional-order discrete chaotic system without equilibrium.Through phase portrait,bifurcation diagrams,and largest Lyapunov exponents,it is shown that the proposed fractional-order discrete system exhibits a range of different dynamical behaviors.Also,different tests are used to confirm the existence of chaos,such as 0-1 test and C0 complexity.In addition,the quantification of the level of chaos in the new fractional-order discrete system is measured by the approximate entropy technique.Furthermore,based on the fractional linearization method,a one-dimensional controller to stabilize the new system is proposed.Numerical results are presented to validate the findings of the paper.

Hidden Attractors in a Delayed Memristive Differential System with Fractional Order and Chaos Synchronization

As an important research branch,memristor has attracted a range of scholars to study the property of memristive chaotic systems.Additionally,time⁃delayed systems are considered a significant and newly⁃developing field in modern research.By combining memristor and time⁃delay,a delayed memristive differential system with fractional order is proposed in this paper,which can generate hidden attractors.First,we discussed the dynamics of the proposed system where the parameter was set as the bifurcation parameter,and showed that with the increase of the parameter,the system generated rich chaotic phenomena such as bifurcation,chaos,and hypherchaos.Then we derived adequate and appropriate stability criteria to guarantee the system to achieve synchronization.Lastly,examples were provided to analyze and confirm the influence of parameter a,fractional order q,and time delayτon chaos synchronization.The simulation results confirm that the chaotic synchronization is affected by a,q andτ.

Multi-scroll hidden attractors and multi-wing hidden attractors in a 5-dimensional memristive system

A novel 5-dimensional（5D） memristive chaotic system is proposed, in which multi-scroll hidden attractors and multiwing hidden attractors can be observed on different phase planes. The dynamical system has multiple lines of equilibria or no equilibrium when the system parameters are appropriately selected, and the multi-scroll hidden attractors and multi-wing hidden attractors have nothing to do with the system equilibria. Particularly, the numbers of multi-scroll hidden attractors and multi-wing hidden attractors are sensitive to the transient simulation time and the initial values. Dynamical properties of the system, such as phase plane, time series, frequency spectra, Lyapunov exponent, and Poincar′e map, are studied in detail. In addition, a state feedback controller is designed to select multiple hidden attractors within a long enough simulation time. Finally, an electronic circuit is realized in Pspice, and the experimental results are in agreement with the numerical ones.

Design and multistability analysis of five-value memristor-based chaotic system with hidden attractors

A five-value memristor model is proposed,it is proved that the model has a typical hysteresis loop by analyzing the relationship between voltage and current.Then,based on the classical Liu-Chen system,a new memristor-based fourdimensional(4D)chaotic system is designed by using the five-value memristor.The trajectory phase diagram,Poincare mapping,bifurcation diagram,and Lyapunov exponent spectrum are drawn by numerical simulation.It is found that,in addition to the general chaos characteristics,the system has some special phenomena,such as hidden homogenous multistabilities,hidden heterogeneous multistabilities,and hidden super-multistabilities.Finally,according to the dimensionless equation of the system,the circuit model of the system is built and simulated.The results are consistent with the numerical simulation results,which proves the physical realizability of the five-value memristor-based chaotic system proposed in this paper.

Analysis and implementation of new fractional-order multi-scroll hidden attractors

To improve the complexity of chaotic signals,in this paper we first put forward a new three-dimensional quadratic fractional-order multi-scroll hidden chaotic system,then we use the Adomian decomposition algorithm to solve the proposed fractional-order chaotic system and obtain the chaotic phase diagrams of different orders,as well as the Lyaponov exponent spectrum,bifurcation diagram,and SE complexity of the 0.99-order system.In the process of analyzing the system,we find that the system possesses the dynamic behaviors of hidden attractors and hidden bifurcations.Next,we also propose a method of using the Lyapunov exponents to describe the basins of attraction of the chaotic system in the matlab environment for the first time,and obtain the basins of attraction under different order conditions.Finally,we construct an analog circuit system of the fractional-order chaotic system by using an equivalent circuit module of the fractional-order integral operators,thus realizing the 0.9-order multi-scroll hidden chaotic attractors.

A class of two-dimensional rational maps with self-excited and hidden attractors

This paper studies a new class of two-dimensional rational maps exhibiting self-excited and hidden attractors. The mathematical model of these maps is firstly formulated by introducing a rational term. The analysis of existence and stability of the fixed points in these maps suggests that there are four types of fixed points, i.e., no fixed point, one single fixed point, two fixed points and a line of fixed points. To investigate the complex dynamics of these rational maps with different types of fixed points, numerical analysis tools, such as time histories, phase portraits, basins of attraction, Lyapunov exponent spectrum, Lyapunov(Kaplan–Yorke) dimension and bifurcation diagrams, are employed. Our extensive numerical simulations identify both self-excited and hidden attractors, which were rarely reported in the literature. Therefore, the multi-stability of these maps, especially the hidden one, is further explored in the present work.

A novel memristive neural network with hidden attractors and its circuitry implementation

Neural networks have been applied in various fields from signal processing, pattern recognition, associative memory to artifi- cial intelligence. Recently, nanoscale memristor has renewed interest in experimental realization of neural network. A neural network with a memristive synaptic weight is studied in this work. Dynamical properties of the proposed neural network are investigated through phase portraits, Poincar6 map, and Lyapunov exponents. Interestingly, the memristive neural network can generate hyperchaotic attractors without the presence of equilibrium points. Moreover, circuital implementation of such memristive neural network is presented to show its feasibility.

A new nonlinear oscillator with infinite number of coexisting hidden and self-excited attractors

In this paper,we introduce a new two-dimensional nonlinear oscillator with an infinite number of coexisting limit cycles.These limit cycles form a layer-by-layer structure which is very unusual.Forty percent of these limit cycles are self-excited attractors while sixty percent of them are hidden attractors.Changing this new system to its forced version,we introduce a new chaotic system with an infinite number of coexisting strange attractors.We implement this system through field programmable gate arrays.

Extremely hidden multi-stability in a class of two-dimensional maps with a cosine memristor

We present a class of two-dimensional memristive maps with a cosine memristor. The memristive maps do not have any fixed points, so they belong to the category of nonlinear maps with hidden attractors. The rich dynamical behaviors of these maps are studied and investigated using different numerical tools, including phase portrait, basins of attraction,bifurcation diagram, and Lyapunov exponents. The two-parameter bifurcation analysis of the memristive map is carried out to reveal the bifurcation mechanism of its dynamical behaviors. Based on our extensive simulation studies, the proposed memristive maps can produce hidden periodic, chaotic, and hyper-chaotic attractors, exhibiting extremely hidden multistability, namely the coexistence of infinite hidden attractors, which was rarely observed in memristive maps. Potentially,this work can be used for some real applications in secure communication, such as data and image encryptions.

A Speech Cryptosystem Using the New Chaotic System with a Capsule-Shaped Equilibrium Curve

In recent years,there are numerous studies on chaotic systems with special equilibrium curves having various shapes such as circle,butterfly,heart and apple.This paper describes a new 3-D chaotic dynamical system with a capsule-shaped equilibrium curve.The proposed chaotic system has two quadratic,two cubic and two quartic nonlinear terms.It is noted that the proposed chaotic system has a hidden attractor since it has an infinite number of equilibrium points.It is also established that the proposed chaotic system exhibits multi-stability with two coexisting chaotic attractors for the same parameter values but differential initial states.A detailed bifurcation analysis with respect to variations in the system parameters is portrayed for the new chaotic system with capsule equilibrium curve.We have shown MATLAB plots to illustrate the capsule equilibrium curve,phase orbits of the new chaotic system,bifurcation diagrams and multi-stability.As an engineering application,we have proposed a speech cryptosystem with a numerical algorithm,which is based on our novel 3-D chaotic system with a capsule-shaped equilibrium curve.The proposed speech cryptosystem follows its security evolution and implementation on Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA)platform.Experimental results show that the proposed encryption system utilizes 33%of the FPGA,while the maximum clock frequency is 178.28 MHz.

Memristor hyperchaos in a generalized Kolmogorov-type system with extreme multistability

Memristor chaotic systems have aroused great attention in recent years with their potentials expected in engineering applications.In this paper,a five-dimension(5D)double-memristor hyperchaotic system(DMHS)is modeled by introducing two active magnetron memristor models into the Kolmogorov-type formula.The boundness condition of the proposed hyperchaotic system is proved.Coexisting bifurcation diagram and numerical verification explain the bistability.The rich dynamics of the system are demonstrated by the dynamic evolution map and the basin.The simulation results reveal the existence of transient hyperchaos and hidden extreme multistability in the presented DMHS.The NIST tests show that the generated signal sequence is highly random,which is feasible for encryption purposes.Furthermore,the system is implemented based on a FPGA experimental platform,which benefits the further applications of the proposed hyperchaos.

一种含隐藏吸引子的新型忆阻超混沌系统

基于一种三维混沌系统,通过引入忆阻反馈增加系统维数,实现了一种新型忆阻超混沌系统。通过绘制系统相图、李雅普诺夫指数谱、分岔图以及庞加莱截面等对其进行了相关的动力学行为分析,表明该系统具有复杂的动力学特性,可以产生隐藏吸引子。选取不同的初始条件,该系统出现了周期极限环及准周期极限环与混沌吸引子共存的状态。在Multisim仿真平台上进行了电路仿真,验证了数值分析结果,证明了新型忆阻超混沌系统电路设计的正确性与有效性。

具有隐藏吸引子的新四维混沌系统的共存现象及图像加密

提出具有隐藏吸引子的新四维复杂混沌系统,系统在不同初始条件下产生不同类型的吸引子,且存在共存现象。对系统进行复杂度分析,发现该系统复杂度较高;设计图像置乱加密算法,利用隐藏吸引子混沌系统产生的混沌序列对图像进行置乱和扩散,对比发现隐藏型混沌系统的保密性强,并验证了加密算法的可实现性。该系统通过了NIST标准测试中的15项指标,验证系统具有随机性。通过电路设计,证明系统在实际应用中具有可行性。

基于二值和三值忆阻器模型构建的混沌系统的特性分析

近年来,基于忆阻器的非线性动力学问题备受关注。该文以二值和三值忆阻器为例分析了二值和多值忆阻器对于混沌系统动力特性的影响。首先,将二值忆阻器引入Chen系统,构建了一个4维的基于二值忆阻器的混沌系统(BMCS)。其次,使用三值忆阻器替换上述系统中的二值忆阻器,构建一个4维的基于三值忆阻器的混沌系统(TMCS)。通过理论分析与数值仿真,从多个角度对比了两个混沌系统之间的动力学特性差异,如Lyapunov指数、分岔图、系统的平衡点、系统稳定性、对初值的敏感性以及系统的复杂度分析等。结果表明,两个基于忆阻器的混沌系统都具有无穷多个平衡点,二者产生的吸引子均为隐藏吸引子,且都存在的暂态混沌现象,但三值忆阻混沌系统具有超混沌特性,且相比二值忆阻混沌系统具有更强的初值敏感性以及更大的参数取值区间。分析得出基于三值忆阻器构建的混沌系统比基于二值忆阻器的混沌系统能够产生更为复杂的动力学特性,混沌信号也更为复杂。

隐藏型混沌纠缠系统的存在特性

为探究复杂混沌系统及其存在特性,构建了具有混沌纠缠函数的隐藏型混沌系统.首先,对新构建的三维系统进行动力学分析,发现系统包含周期吸引子共存和混沌吸引子共存等现象,表明该系统具有复杂的混沌特性和初值敏感性;其次,设计含有单一状态变量指数可变特点的动力学控制器,将三维系统转换为四维系统,分析四维系统在整数阶条件与分数阶条件下的动力学行为.经验证,当四维系统中单一状态变量指数取值改变时,整数阶与分数阶四维系统均是含有隐藏型吸引子的混沌纠缠系统,都存在指数取值趋于正无穷的可能性,且在分数阶条件下系统会出现超混沌现象.

忆阻自激振荡系统的隐藏吸引子及其动力学特性

由压控忆阻替换三维自激振荡系统的线性耦合电阻,实现了一种新型的四维忆阻自激振荡系统.该系统不存在任何平衡点,但可生成周期、准周期、混沌等隐藏吸引子;特别地,当初始条件不同时,系统出现了不同拓扑结构混沌吸引子或准周期极限环与混沌吸引子的共存现象,以及准周期极限环与多种拓扑结构混沌吸引子的多吸引子现象.理论分析、数值仿真和硬件实验的结果一致,表明了所提出的忆阻自激振荡系统有着十分丰富而复杂的隐藏动力学特性.

具有无穷平衡点的新混沌系统动力学分析与振动控制

提出了一个新的三维混沌系统,对它奇特的动力学行为展开了理论分析和数值仿真。此系统具有无穷多个平衡点,全部位于一个平面的双曲线上。在状态和参数的组合变换下,系统能生成对称的隐藏吸引子。在双参数的对称变换下,混沌具有不变性。同时,系统轨道出现了大幅度的跃迁现象。最后,设计出单参数调节的线性状态反馈控制器,在有限时间内消除混沌。