CFAR DETECTORS FOR HIGH RESOLUTION RADAR IN NON-GAUSSIAN CLUTTER

For high resolution radar, the echoes of target come from several points rather than one point as in low resolution radar. In this case the target is called an extended target. This paper presents two CFAR detectors for such a target in non Gaussian clutter, which are CA CFAR and OS CFAR detectors. The detection performances of the two detectors are evaluated.

A COMPARISON OF FOUR RECENT NUMERICAL SCHEMES GIViNG HIGH RESOLUTION OF SHOCK WAVE AND CONCENTRATED VORTEX

In recent ten years high resolution difference schenies for the computation of thefull unsteady Eulerian system of equations for invisid compressible gas finds celebratedprogress. This paper tests furtherly, by a complex two-dimensional unsteady problem,four recent schemes. to them attentions are paid. The test problem is the initial stageof a two-dimensional diffraction and reflection of a plane shock wave, impinging on arectangular obstacle. At whose top side there are two sharp corners, near which flow.parameters finds severe variation. There is occurrence of expansion fan with a centerand also concentrated vortices. To simulate them well, the schemes should have goodadaptivity. The special shock Mach number M,=2.068 is so chosen, that at this M,the partical velocity behind impinging shock in fixed coordinate system is just equal tothe speed of sound there, this condition also occurs along a curve in the region ofexpansion fan with a center at the corner. This can clarify the computational featureof different schemes in case,when one of the eigenvalues is just zero. Zero eigenvaluemay spoil some schemes locally. Graphical visualization of the computational resultsmay, show features of the tested schemes about the shock wave resolution, schemeviscosity, expansion wave and the ability. to simulate the process of the generation ofunsteadv concentrated vortex.

Flexible,high-density,laminated ECoG electrode array for high spatiotemporal resolution foci diagnostic localization of refractory epilepsy

High spatiotemporal resolution brain electrical signals are critical for basic neuroscience research and high-precision focus diagnostic localization,as the spatial scale of some pathologic signals is at the submillimeter or micrometer level.This entails connecting hundreds or thousands of electrode wires on a limited surface.This study reported a class of flexible,ultrathin,highdensity electrocorticogram(ECoG)electrode arrays.The challenge of a large number of wiring arrangements was overcome by a laminated structure design and processing technology improvement.The flexible,ultrathin,high-density ECoG electrode array was conformably attached to the cortex for reliable,high spatial resolution electrophysiologic recordings.The minimum spacing between electrodes was 15μm,comparable to the diameter of a single neuron.Eight hundred electrodes were prepared with an electrode density of 4444 mm^(-2).In focal epilepsy surgery,the flexible,high-density,laminated ECoG electrode array with 36 electrodes was applied to collect epileptic spike waves inrabbits,improving the positioning accuracy of epilepsy lesions from the centimeter to the submillimeter level.The flexible,high-density,laminated ECoG electrode array has potential clinical applications in intractable epilepsy and other neurologic diseases requiring high-precision electroencephalogram acquisition.

The environmental analysis and site selection of mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas based on high resolution remote sensing

Mussel aquaculture and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas and their environmental characteristics in Zhoushan were analyzed using satellite data and in-situ surveys.A new two-step remote sensing method was proposed and applied to determine the basic environmental characteristics of the best mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas.This methodology includes the first step of extraction of the location distribution and the second step of the extraction of internal environmental factors.The fishery ranching index(FRI1,FRI2)was established to extract the mussel and the large yellow croaker aquaculture area in Zhoushan,using Gaofen-1(GF-1)and Gaofen-6(GF-6)satellite data with a special resolution of 2 m.In the second step,the environmental factors such as sea surface temperature(SST),chlorophyll a(Chl-a)concentration,current and tide,suspended sediment concentration(SSC)in mussel aquaculture area and large yellow croaker aquaculture area were extracted and analyzed in detail.The results show the following three points.(1)For the extraction of the mussel aquaculture area,FRI1 and FRI2 are complementary,and the combination of FRI1 and FRI2 is suitable to extract the mussel aquaculture area.As for the large yellow croaker aquaculture area extraction,FRI2 is suitable.(2)Mussel aquaculture and the large yellow croaker aquaculture area in Zhoushan are mainly located on the side near the islands that are away from the eastern open waters.The water environment factor template suitable for mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture was determined.(3)This two-step remote sensing method can be used for the preliminary screening of potential site selection for the mussels and large yellow croaker aquaculture area in the future.the fishery ranching index(FRI1,FRI2)in this paper can be applied to extract the mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas in coastal waters around the world.

Synthesizing high-resolution satellite salinity data based on multi-fractal fusion

The spaceborne platform has unprecedently provided the global eddy-permitting(typically about 0.25°)products of sea surface salinity(SSS),however the existing SSS products can hardly resolve mesoscale motions due to the heavy noises therein and the over-smoothing in denoising processes.By means of the multi-fractal fusion(MFF),the high-resolution SSS product is synthesized with the template of sea surface temperature(SST).Two low-resolution SSS products and four SST products are considered as the source data and the templates respectively to determine the best combination.The fused products are validated by the in situ observations and intercompared via SSS maps,Singularity Exponent maps and wavenumber spectra.The results demonstrate that the MFF can perform a good work in mitigating the noises and improving the resolution.The combination of the climate change initiative SSS and the remote sensing system SST can produce the 0.1°denoised product whose global mean standard derivation of salinity against Argo is 0.21 and the feature resolution can reach 30−40 km.

Revisting High-Resolution Schemes with van Albada Slope Limiter

Slope limiters play an essential role in maintaining the non-oscillatory behavior of high-resolution methods for nonlinear conservation laws.The family of minmod limiters serves as the prototype example.Here,we revisit the question of non-oscillatory behavior of high-resolution central schemes in terms of the slope limiter proposed by van Albada et al.(Astron Astrophys 108:76–84,1982).The van Albada(vA)limiter is smoother near extrema,and consequently,in many cases,it outperforms the results obtained using the standard minmod limiter.In particular,we prove that the vA limiter ensures the one-dimensional Total-Variation Diminishing(TVD)stability and demonstrate that it yields noticeable improvement in computation of one-and two-dimensional systems.

High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery for the Recognition of Traditional Villages

Traditional Chinese villages,vital carriers of traditional culture,have faced significant alterations due to urbanization in recent years,urgently necessitating artificial intelligence data updates.This study integrates high spatial resolution remote sensing imagery with deep learning techniques,proposing a novel method for identifying rooftops of traditional Chinese village buildings using high-definition remote sensing images.Using 0.54 m spatial resolution imagery of traditional village areas as the data source,this method analyzes the geometric and spectral image characteristics of village building rooftops.It constructs a deep learning feature sample library tailored to the target types.Employing a semantically enhanced version of the improved Mask R-CNN(Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network)for building recognition,the study conducts experiments on localized imagery from different regions.The results demonstrated that the modified Mask R-CNN effectively identifies traditional village building rooftops,achieving an of 0.7520 and an of 0.7400.It improves the current problem of misidentification and missed detection caused by feature heterogeneity.This method offers a viable and effective approach for industrialized data monitoring of traditional villages,contributing to their sustainable development.

High resolution GPR and its experimental study

We develop a high resolution ground penetrating radar system （LANRCS-GPR） based on the E5071B Vector Network Analyzer （VNA）. This system takes advantage of a wideband and adjustable frequency domain ground penetrating radar system and adds the characteristics of a network analyzer with ultra-wideband and high precision measurement. It adopts the LAN mode to concatenate system control that reduces construction cost and makes the system easy to expand. The high resolution ground penetrating radar system carries out real time imaging using F-K migration with high calculation efficiency. The experiment results of the system indicate that the LANRCS-GPR system provides high resolution and precision, high signal-to-noise ratio, and great dynamic range. Furthermore, the LANRCS-GPR system is flexible and reliable to operate with easy to expand system functions. The research and development of the LANRCS-GPR provide the theoretical and experimental foundation for future frequency domain ground penetrating radar production and also can serve as an experimental platform with high data gathering precision, enormous information capability, wide application, and convenient operation for electromagnetic wave research and electromagnetic exploration.

Classification of Chinese Traditional Drug-"Beimu" (Bulbus Fritillariae) by Pyrolysis High Resolution Gas Chromatography-Pattern Recognition

The combination of pyrolysis high resolution gas chromatography and pat- tern recognition techniques is a powerful tool for the classification of traditional Chinese drug.A study has been completed on 55 Beimu samples of five different geographic origins: Eastern China.Central China.South-western China,North-western China and North-eastern China.Principal component analysis and SIMCA are applied to effectively classifying the samples according to the origin of the plants.The chemical information contained in the high resolution gas chromatographic data is sufficient to characterize the geographic origin of sam- pies.

High-Resolution Geochemical Significance of Lowest Triassic at Majiashan Section, Chaohu, Anhui Province, China

The Permian Triassic boundary (PTB) and the lowest Triassic in the Yangtze region are considered to be the sediments of dysaeroxic and even anoxic environments, due to the dark thin bedded fine deposits, the highly developed parallel beddings with pyrites, the suppression of bio disturbance, and the monotonous fossils. However, the trace fossils there show a rather weak effect of the anoxic event. Meanwhile, the high resolution geochemical data are analyzed with 2 cm interval in the PTB and the lowest Triassic at the Majiashan Section, Chaohu, Anhui Province. The results show that the water depth of Chaohu region in the earliest Triassic was shallow, which might be a feature of the neritic environment. The high resolution geochemical proxies for anoxia have some contrary results. The geochemical data often indicate the dysaeroxic and even anoxic environments during that time, whereas other proxies (such as w (V)/ w (Cr), w (Ni)/ w (Co)) denote that they are normal marine sediments.

Multiple attenuation using λ–f domain high-resolution Radon transform

The parabolic Radon transform has been widely used in multiple attenuation. To further improve the accuracy and efficiency of the Radon transform, we developed the 2- fdomain high-resolution Radon transform based on the fast and modified parabolic Radon transform presented by Abbad. The introduction of a new variable 2 makes the transform operator frequency-independent. Thus, we need to calculate the transform operator and its inverse operator only once, which greatly improves the computational efficiency. Besides, because the primaries and multiples are distributed on straight lines with different slopes in the 2-fdomain, we can easily choose the filtering operator to suppress the multiples. At the same time, the proposed method offers the advantage of high-resolution Radon transform, which can greatly improve the precision of attenuating the multiples. Numerical experiments suggest that the multiples are well suppressed and the amplitude versus offset characteristics of the primaries are well maintained. Real data processing results further verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the method.

High-Resolution Seismic Reflection Profiling of the Fenhe Fault in Taiyuan City

In this paper, we demonstrate the high resolution seismic reflection data for a depth range of several hundred meters across the Fenhe fault in Taiyuan city, China. In combination with the relevant borehole logs, these data provide useful constraints on the accurate position, geometry and deformation rate of the fault, as well as the kinematics of recent fault motion. The high resolution seismic reflection profiling revealed that the western branch of the Fenhe fault is a high angle, eastward dipping, oblique normal fault, and cutting up to the lower part of the Quaternary system. It was revealed that the top breaking point of this fault is at a depth of ～70m below the ground surface. A borehole log across the Fenhe fault permitted us to infer that there are two high angle, oppositely dipping, oblique normal faults. The eastem branch lies beneath the eastern embankment of the Fenhe river, dipping to the west and cutting into the Holocene late Pleistocene strata with a maximum vertical offset of ～8m. Another borehole log across the northern segment of the Fenhe fault indicates that the western branch of this fault has cut into the Holocene late Pleistocene strata with a maximum vertical offset of ～6m. The above mentioned data provide a minimum average Pleistocene Holocene vertical slip rate of 0 06～0 08mm/a and a maximum average large earthquake recurrence interval of 5 0～6 7ka for the Fenhe fault.

HIGH-RESOLUTION SEQUENCE DIVISION AND TRANSGRESSIVE EVENTS COAL FORMATIONIN SOUTHEASTERN NORTH CHINA EPICONTINENTAL BASIN

The sea level changes in the Paleozoic epicontinental basin were of high frequency and the transgressive events were episodic.This kind of sea level changes controlled both the basin filling and the coal accumulation within the basin.Coal accumulation in the transgressive process is one of the typical features of the North China epicontinental basin.High resolution sequence analysis to the Permo carboniferous coal series based on the core observation indicates that the epicontintental coal bearing succession can be divided into 1 tectonic sequence (the original type of basin filling), 3 supersequences, 12 third order sequences and about 48 parasequences.The third order sequences are of dual configuration sequences that are composed of transgressive systems tract in the lower part and highstand systems tract in the upper part.The transgressive systems tracts are relatively thin in thickness and have fewer parasequences (commonly 1 to 2), while the highstand systems tracts are thick, generally consist of several parasequences.

Archean Basement and a Paleoproterozoic Collision Orogen in the Huoqiu Area at the Southeastern Margin of North China Craton: Evidence from Sensitive High Resolution Ion Micro-Probe U-Pb Zircon Geochronology

This paper reports sensitive high resolution ion micro-probe U-Pb zircon ages for the ＂Huoqiu Group＂ and granitoids of the Early Precambrian basement in the Huoqiu area, southeastern margin of the North China Craton. The ＂Huoqiu Group＂ is similar in rock association and metamorphism to the khondalite series, apart from it containing considerable amounts of banded iron formation. All detrital zircons from the ＂Huoqiu Group＂ meta-sedimentary rocks are 3.0 Ga and 2.75 Ga, without any 2.5 Ga and younger ones, as is commonly found in Paleoproterozoic khondalite series in other areas of the North China Craton. In the Huoqiu area, 2.75 Ga and 2.56 Ga granitoids have also been identified. This basement assemblage underwent strong metamorphism during the late Paleoproterozoic （-1.84 Ga） tectonothermal event that is widely developed in the North China Craton. Thus the formation time of the ＂Huoqiu Group＂ can be constrained between 2.75 and 1.84 Ga in terms of detrital and metamorphic zircon ages. It is considered, combined with regional data, that there may be a Paleoproterozoic collision orogen extending in a NWW-SEE direction to the southern margin of the North China Craton.

Perspective of Chinese GF-1 high-resolution satellite data in agricultural remote sensing monitoring

High-resolution satellite data have been playing an important role in agricultural remote sensing monitoring. However, the major data sources of high-resolution images are not owned by China. The cost of large scale use of high resolution imagery data becomes prohibitive. In pace of the launch of the Chinese ＂High Resolution Earth Observation Systems＂, China is able to receive superb high-resolution remotely sensed images （GF series） that equalizes or even surpasses foreign similar satellites in respect of spatial resolution, scanning width and revisit period. This paper provides a perspective of using high resolution remote sensing data from satellite GF-1 for agriculture monitoring. It also assesses the applicability of GF-1 data for agricultural monitoring, and identifies potential applications from regional to national scales. GF-1＇s high resolution （i.e., 2 m/8 m）, high revisit cycle （i.e., 4 days）, and its visible and near-infrared （VNIR） spectral bands enable a continuous, efficient and effective agricultural dynamics monitoring. Thus, it has gradually substituted the foreign data sources for mapping crop planting areas, monitoring crop growth, estimating crop yield, monitoring natural disasters, and supporting precision and facility agriculture in China agricultural remote sensing monitoring system （CHARMS）. However, it is still at the initial stage of GF-1 data application in agricultural remote sensing monitoring. Advanced algorithms for estimating agronomic parameters and soil quality with GF-1 data need to be further investigated, especially for improving the performance of remote sensing monitoring in the fragmented landscapes. In addition, the thematic product series in terms of land cover, crop allocation, crop growth and production are required to be developed in association with other data sources at multiple spatial scales. Despite the advantages, the issues such as low spectrum resolution and image distortion associated with high spatial resolution and wide swath width, might pose challenges for GF-1 data applications and need to be addressed in future agricultural monitoring.

Distribution and Migration of Heavy Metals in Undisturbed Forest Soils:A High Resolution Sampling Method

The vertical distribution and migration of Cu,Zn,Pb,and Cd in two forest soil profiles near an industrial emission source were investigated using a high resolution sampling method together with reference element Ti.One-meter soil profile was sectioned horizontally at 2 cm intervals in the first 40 cm,5 cm intervals in the next 40 cm,and 10 cm intervals in the last 20 cm.The migration distance and rate of heavy metals in the soil profiles were calculated according to their relative concentrations in the profiles,as calibrated by the reference element Ti.The enrichment of heavy metals appeared in the uppermost layer of the forest soil,and the soil heavy metal concentrations decreased down the profile until reaching their background values.The calculated average migration rates of Cd,Cu,Pb,and Zn were 0.70,0.33,0.37,and 0.76 cm year-1,respectively,which were comparable to other methods.A simulation model was proposed,which could well describe the distribution of Cu,Zn,Pb,and Cd in natural forest soils.

Determination of trace elements in high purity nickel by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

The contents ofMg, Al, Si, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Ga, As, Se, Cd, Sb, Pb and Bi in high purity nickel were determined by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （HR-ICP-MS）. The sample was dissolved in HNO3 and HCI by microwave digestion. Most of the spectral interferences could be avoided by measuring in the high resolution mode. The matrix effects because of the presence of excess HC1 and nickel were evaluated. Correction for matrix effects was made using Sc, Rh and T1 as internal standards. The optimum conditions for the determination were tested and discussed. The detection limits range from 0.012 to 1.76 ~tg/g depending on the type of elements. The applicability of the proposed method is also validated by the analysis of high purity nickel reference material （NIST SRM 671）. The relative standard deviation （RSD） is less than 3.3%. Results for determination of trace elements in high purity nickel were presented.

Quantification of trace amounts of impurities in high purity cobalt by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

A An analytical method using high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （HR-ICP-MS） for rapid simultaneous determination of 24 elements （Be, Mg, A1, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn Sb, Ba, Pt, Au, and Pb） in high purity cobalt was described. Sample digestions were performed in closed microwave vessels using HNO3 and HCI. The matrix effects because of the presence of excess HCI and Co were evaluated. The usefulness of high mass resolution for overcoming some spectral interference was demonstrated. The optimum conditions for the determination were tested and discussed. The standard addition method was employed for quantitative analysis. The detection limits were 0.016-1.50 ].tg·g^-1, the recovery ratios were 92.2%-111.2%, and the RSD was less than 3.6%. The method was accurate, quick, and convenient. It was applied to the determination of trace impurities in high purity cobalt with satisfactory results.

Technical foundation research on high resolution remote sensing system of China's coastal zone

China's coastal zone is a region with a highly developed economy that contrasts clearly with the slow paced regular investigation on its natural environment,which cannot keep pace with the requirement of economic development and modern management.Laying a theoretical foundation for the modern management of China's costal zone is aimed at. This research focuses on the following processing and analyzing technologies for coastal zone high-resolution remote sensing data: organization and management of large amounts of high-resolution remote sensing data, quick and precise spatial positioning system,algorithms for image fusion in feature level and coastal zone feature extraction. They will form a technical foundation of the system. And, if combined with other research results such as coastal zone remote sensing classification system and its mapping subsystem, an advanced technical frame for remote sensing investigation of coastal zone resource will be constructed.

Radar high resolution range profile recognition via multi-SV method

For radar high resolution range profile (HRRP) recognition, three aspects are of great importance to improve the performance, i.e. discrimination for outlier, classification for inner and an accurate description for feature space. To tackle these issues, a novel target recognition method is designed, denoted by the multiple support vectors (multi-SV) method. With the proposed method, a special framework is constructed by a treble correlate support vector model to segment the feature space to two regions with the distribution of density, and then the description and classification hyperplane for each region are achieved. Based on the support vector framework, this method needs less memory and computation complexity to fit practical radar HRRP recognition. Finally, the experiment based on the measured data verifies the excellent performance of this method.