Optimal interval for delayed retrieval surgery with reciprocating morcellators after enucleation of giant prostatic hyperplasia in holmium laser enucleation of the prostate

Objective:The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of reciprocating morcellation for removing giant benign prostatic hyperplasia during holmium laser enucleation of the prostate,investigate whether performing morcellation as a two-stage procedure improves tissue retrieval efficiency,and seek to determine the optimal interval between the two surgeries.Methods:This study included nine cases of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate with an enucleated prostate weight exceeding 200 g,indicative of substantial prostate enlargement.Morcellation was performed on Day 0(n=4),Day 4(n=1),Day 6(n=1),and Day 7(n=3).The intervals were compared regarding the morcellation efficiency,beach ball presence,and pathology.Results:The mean estimated prostate volume was 383(range 330e528)mL;the median enucleation weight was 252(interquartile range[IQR]222,342)g;and the median enucleation time was 83(IQR 62,100)min.The mean morcellation efficiency was 1.44(SD 0.55)g/min on Day 0 and 13.69(SD 2.46)g/min on day 7.The morcellation efficiency was 4.15 g/min and 10.50 g/min on Day 4 and Day 6,respectively,with significantly higher in the two-stage group compared to one-stage group(11.0 g/min vs.1.5 g/min;p=0.014).Efficiency was strongly correlated with intervals(p<0.001);the incidences of beach balls were 100%(4/4)and 60%(3/5)in the immediate and two-stage surgery groups,respectively.Conclusion:The efficiency of two-stage morcellation with reciprocating morcellators was highly related to the postoperative interval,with the maximum efficiency reached on Day 7.

Coagulation of a giant hemangioma in glans penis with holmium laser

A 21-year-old man presented with an enlarged giant hemangioma on glans penis which also causes an erectile dysfunction （ED） that partially responded to the intracavernous injection stimulation test. Although the findings in magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） indicated a glandular hemangioma, penile colored Doppler ultrasound revealed an invaded cavernausal hemangioma to the glans. Surgical excision was avoided according to the broad extension of the gland lesion. Holmium laser coagulation was applied to the lesion due to the cosmetically concerns. However, the cosmetic results after holmium laser application was not impressive as expected without an improvement in intracavernous injection stimulation test. In conclusion, holmium laser application should not be used to the hemangiomas of glans penis related to the corpus cavernosum, but further studies are needed to reveal the effects of holmium laser application in small hemangiomas restricted to the glans penis.

A method for reducing thermal injury during the ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy

Objective:Many studies have demonstrated the heat effect from the holmium laser lithotripsy can cause persistent thermal injury to the ureter.The purpose of this study was to elucidate the use of a modified ureteral catheter with appropriate firing and irrigation to reduce the thermal injury to the“ureter”during the ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy in vitro.Methods:An in vitro lithotripsy was performed using a modified catheter(5 Fr)as the entrance for the irrigation and the holmium laser fiber while using the remaining space in the ureteroscopic channel as an outlet.Different laser power settings(10 W,20 W,and 30 W)with various firing times(3 s,5 s,and 10 s)and rates of irrigation(15 mL/min,20 mL/min,and 30 mL/min)were applied in the experiment.Temperature changes in the“ureter”were recorded with a thermometer during and after the lithotripsy.Results:During the lithotripsy,the local highest mean temperature was 60.3℃ and the lowest mean temperature was 26.7℃.When the power was set to 10 w,the temperature was maintained below 43℃ regardless of laser firing time or irrigation flow.Regardless of the power or firing time selected,the temperature was below 43℃ at the rate of 30 mL/min.There was a significant difference in temperature decrease when continuous 3 s drainage after continuous firing(3 s,5 s,or 10 s)compared to with not drainage(p<0.05)except for two conditions of 0.5 J×20 Hz,30 mL/min,firing 5 s,and 1.0 J×10 Hz,30 mL/min,firing 5 s.Conclusion:Our modified catheter with timely drainage reducing hot irrigation may significantly reduce the local thermal injury effect,especially along with the special interrupted-time firing setting during the simulated holmium laser procedure.

Primary prostate Burkitt's lymphoma resected with holmium laser enucleation of the prostate:A rare case report

BACKGROUND Primary prostate Burkitt's lymphoma is a rare and aggressive condition with a poor prognosis.Its clinical presentation can be challenging to differentiate from benign prostatic hyperplasia.Given the rarity of primary prostate Burkitt's lymphoma,its diagnosis and treatment remain unclear.CASE SUMMARY This report presents a case of a 57-year-old male with primary prostate Burkitt's lymphoma,initially misdiagnosed as prostatic hyperplasia.This case's operative process,intraoperative findings and postoperative management are discussed in detail.CONCLUSION Primary prostate lymphoma is difficult to distinguish from other prostate diseases.Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate(HoLEP),a minimally invasive procedure,is crucial in diagnosing and treating this rare disease.Clinicians should remain vigilant and thoroughly combine physical examination,imaging and test results when encountering patients of younger age with small prostate size but a rapid progression of lower urinary tract symptoms.HoLEP is an essential diagnostic and therapeutic tool in managing primary prostate Burkitt's lymphoma.

Analysis of the effect of holmium laser flexible ureteroscopic intrapelvic drainage in the treatment of parapelvic renal cysts

Objective:To explore the efficacy,safety,and feasibility of holmium laser flexible ureteroscopic intrapelvic drainage in the treatment of parapelvic renal cysts.Methods:From September 2012 to February 2019,a total of 18 patients,aged from 28 to 62(meanstandard deviation[SD]:46.50±9.14)years,were diagnosed with parapelvic renal cysts and treated by holmium laser flexible ureteroscopic intrapelvic drainage.There were 10 males and eight females.All of the parapelvic renal cysts were unilateral,and two cases were complicated with pyelolithiasis.The diameters of the cysts ranged from 4.1 cm to 8.2 cm.Results:All the patients completed the operation successfully in one stage without conversion to open surgery;in two cases,it was difficult to find the cysts during the operation,and the localization was completed by B-ultrasound and percutaneous injection of methylene blue.The mean operative time was 33.89(SD:9.68;range:22-54)min,and the mean hospitalization time was 2.67(SD:0.91;range:2-5)days.Three months and 6 months of follow-up were performed after surgery.The cysts disappeared in 13(72%)cases,and the diameter of the cysts in five(28%)cases decreased by more than 50%.Conclusion:Holmium laser flexible ureteroscopic intrapelvic drainage in the treatment of parapelvic renal cysts is simple,safe,and effective,and can be used as the first choice for the treatment of parapelvic renal cysts.

Ureteroscopic holmium laser to transect the greater omentum to remove an abdominal drain:Four case reports

BACKGROUND Drainage tube removal is difficult when the greater omentum becomes incarcerated in the drainage tube through the side holes.Currently,known removal methods are either ineffective or will cause additional damage to the patient in a secondary operation.Ureteroscopy and the holmium laser have been used in various surgical techniques in urology,and in theory,they are expected to be a good strategy for solving the problem of tissue incarceration.CASE SUMMARY Four patients diagnosed with difficult removal of an abdominal drainage tube following abdominal surgery are reported.All patients underwent surgery to remove the incarcerated greater omentum in the drainage tube using a holmium laser and a ureteroscope,and a new 16-F drain was then placed in the abdominal or pelvic cavity.The efficacy of this technique was evaluated by intraoperative conditions,success rate,and operating time;safety was evaluated by perioperative conditions and the probability of postoperative complications.All four operations went smoothly,and the drains were successfully removed in all patients.The average operating time was 24.5 min.Intraoperatively,the average irrigation volume was 892.0 mL,the average drainage volume was 638.5 mL,and no bleeding or damage to surrounding tissues was observed.Postoperatively,the average drainage volume was 32.8 mL and the new drains were removed within 36 h.All patients were able to get out of bed and move around within 12 h.Their visual analogue pain scores were all below 3.The average follow-up duration was 12.5 mo and no complications such as fever or bleeding were noted.CONCLUSION Ureteroscopic holmium laser surgery is an effective,safe and minimally invasive technique for removing drains where the greater omentum is incarcerated in the abdominal drain.

Ureteroscopy with Holmium: YAG Laser—A Initial Study in the Urology Department of the Pr Bocar Sidy Sall University Hospital of Kati

Introduction: Ureteroscopy is a minimally invasive endoscopic surgery which provides access to the ureter, pyelon and calyceal cavities via the urethra and the bladder. Laser ureteroscopy uses the laser as an energy source to treat the stone and eliminate it naturally. Minimally invasive endoscopic methods are struggling to become popular in sub-Saharan African countries, especially for the upper urinary tract. The objective of our work was to report the results of our first laser ureteroscopy experience in the department. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective and descriptive study running from December 1, 2023 to February 19, 2024. Included in our study was any case of upper urinary tract stone operated by Laser ureteroscopy. The characteristics of the lithiasis were determined by CT scan. Sterilization of urine was verified by carrying out a cytobacteriological examination of urine. Ureteral lithiasis was approached by semi-rigid ureteroscopy. Renal lithiasis was immediately addressed by flexible ureteroscopy. Ureteroscopy was coupled with a Holmium YAG laser. A double J ureteral catheter was placed after the operation. A 230 µm laser fiber was used in each case with a generator with a power of 35 watts (Storz Calculase III type). An access sheath was used in all cases of flexible ureteroscopy. The parameters studied were: sociodemographic characteristics, lithiasis (site, size, number, density, topography), type of anesthesia, duration of laser use, duration of intervention, postoperative outcomes. Data entry and analysis were carried out using the software (Word 2016 and SPSS). Result: We collected 30 cases of laser ureteroscopy. The average age was 37 years with extremes of 9 and 79 years. The male gender was more represented. The most common age group was 24-39 years old. Renal colic was the most frequent reason for admission, 12 patients (40%). On physical examination, lumbar tenderness was present in 47% (14 patients). ECBU was positive in 4 patients (13%). CT scan was performed in all our patients before the intervention. The average stone size was 12 mm and the largest was 23 mm. The majority of stones, i.e. 59% (18 patients), had a density greater than 1000 HU. The stone was unique in 19 patients (63%). The location of the stone was pyelic in 8 patients or 27%. An impact on the upper urinary tract was found in 16 of our patients or 53%. General anesthesia was used in 25 patients (83%). A digital flexible ureteroscopy was used in 24 patients and a semi-rigid ureteroscopy (URS) in 6 patients. Full-course fragmentation was the most used therapeutic method, 9 patients or 32%. The average duration of interventions was 61 minutes. Drainage by double J catheter at the end of the procedure was performed in all our patients. The length of hospitalization was 24 hours. Only one case of failure in the USSR was recorded, and one case of failure was in the semi-rigid URS. Conclusion: Laser ureteroscopy is an effective minimally invasive surgery in the management of lithiasis of the upper urinary tract. It significantly reduces the length of hospitalization. Mastery of this technique and the acquisition of the equipment necessary for its implementation is an undeniable asset in the management of renal and ureteral lithiasis.

Ureteroscopic lithotripsy using holmium laser for 187 patients with proximal ureteral stones

Background Improving the success rate of ureteroscopic lithotripsy for proximal ureteral stones is the hot issue in this field. Here we reported our experience on the treatment of proximal ureteral stones.Methods From 2005 to 2010, 187 consecutive patients with proximal ureteral stones who underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy were enrolled. The initial 52 patients treated by semi-rigid ureteroscope alone were classified as group 1. The subsequent 135 patients treated by semi-rigid ureteroscope with the aid of stone basket and flexible ureteroscope were classified as group 2.Results In group 1, the overall stone-free rate was 67.3%. By a single procedure of ureteroscopic lithotripsy using a semi-rigid instrument, patients with ureteral stones below the 4th lumbar vertebra level achieved 91.7% stone-free rate, which was only 50% in patients with stones above the 4th lumbar vertebra level. Conversion to open surgery occurred in two patients since ureteral perforation was observed. In group 2, the stone-free rate achieved 93.2% with the aid of an N-Trap basket, which was significantly higher than that of patients without the aid of the basket （51.6%）. Flexible ureteroscope was subsequently used in patients with fragment migration, thus making the overall success rate in group 2 increases to 97.0%.Conclusions Ureteroscopic lithotripsy is a safe and efficacious treatment for proximal ureteral stones. A single procedure of ureteroscopic lithotripsy using semi-rigid ureteroscope could achieve a satisfactory stone-free rate in patients with proximal ureteral stones below the 4th lumbar vertebra level. However, patients with ureteral stones above the 4th lumbar vertebra level experienced higher stone-migration rate, which would decrease the success rate. Fortunately, the stone-free state could possibly be achieved with the aid of an N-trap basket and flexible ureteroscope.

Holmium laser versus conventional transurethral resection of the bladder tumor

Background Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor （TURBT） remains the gold standard for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer （NMIBC）. Laser techniques have been widely used in urology. This analysis aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of holmium resection of the bladder tumor （HoLRBT）vs. TURBT. Methods A systemic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library as well as manual bibliography searches were performed to identify the relevant studies. The pooled estimates of operation time, obturator nerve reflex rate, bladder perforation rate, bladder irrigation rate, catheterization time, hospital stay, and one- and two-year recurrence free survivals were calculated. Results Five studies were enrolled into our meta-analysis. No significant difference was observed in the operation time between groups （weighted mean difference （WMD） 1.01, 95% confidential interval （95% CI） -3.52-5.54, P=0.66）. The significant difference in the obturator nerve reflex （OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.01-0.04, P=0.004）, bladder perforation （OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03-0.61, P=-0.009）, bladder irrigation （OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.04-0.45, P=0.001）, catheterization time （WMD -0.96, 95% C1-1.11 to-0.82, P 〈0.00001）, and hospital stay （WMD-1.46, 95% C1-1.65 to-1.27, P 〈0.00001）showed advantages of HoLRBT over TURBT. The 2-year recurrence free survival rate favors the HoLRBT group （OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.02-2.11, P=-0.04）. Conclusions As a promising technique, HoLRBT is safe and efficient, and showed several advantages over TURBT. HoLRBT can be used as an alternative procedure for TURBT in terms of low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma or low-grade early TNM-stage urothelial carcinoma.

Efficacy and Safety of 120-W Thulium：Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Vapoenucleation of Prostates Compared with Holmium Laser Enucleation of Prostates for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Background： This study compared the efficacy and safety between 120-W thulium：yttrium-aluminum-garnet （Tm：YAG） vapoenucleation of prostates （ThuVEP） and holmium laser enucleation of prostates （HoLEP） for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms （LUTS） due to benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH）. Methods： A retrospective analysis of 88 consecutive patients with symptomatic BPH was carried out, who underwent either 120-W ThuVEP or HoLEP nonrandomly. Patient demographics and peri-operative and 12-month follow-up data were analyzed with the International Prostate Symptom Score （IPSS）, quality of life （QoL） score, maximum flow rate （Qmax）, postvoid residual urine volume （PVR）＋ and rates of peri-operative and late complications. Results： The patients in each group showed no significant difference in preoperative parameters. Compared with the HoLEP group, patients in the 120-W ThuVEP group required significantly shorter time for laser enucleation （58.3 ± 12.8 min vs. 70.5 ± 22.3 min, P = 0.003）, and resulted in a significant superiority in laser efficiency （resected prostate weight/laser enucleation time） for 120-W Tm：YAG laser compared to holmium：YAG laser （0.69 ± 0.18 vs. 0.61 ± 0.19, P = 0.048）. During 1, 6, and 12 months of follow-ups, the procedures did not demonstrate a significant difference in IPSS, QoL score, Qmax, or PVR （P 〉 0.05）. Mean peri-operative decrease of hemoglobin in the HoLEP group was similar to the ThuVEP group （ 17.1 ± 12.0 g/L vs. 15.2± 10.1 g/L, P = 0.415）. Early and late incidences of complications were low and did not differ significantly between the two groups of 120-W ThuVEP and HoLEP patients （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusions： 120-W ThuVEP and HoLEP are potent, safe and efficient modalities of minimally invasive surgeries for patients with LUTS due to BPH. Compared with HoLEP, 120-W TbuVEP offers advantages of reduction of laser enucleation time and improvement of laser efficiency.

effective treatment of post-intubation subglottic stenosis in children with holmium laser therapy and cryotherapy via flexible bronchoscopy

Importance:Post-intubation subglottic stenosis(SGS)in children can be life threatening.Definitive treatment varies and lacks a universally accepted approach.Objective:We performed a prospective study to assess the safety and feasibility of holmium laser combined with cryotherapy delivered via flexible bronchoscopy for the treatment of post-intubation SGS in children.Methods:This study involved all patients with post-intubation SGS seen at the Interventional Pulmonology Department of Beijing Children's Hospital between July 2014 and December 2016.Holmium laser treatment and cryotherapy was then performed under flexible bronchoscopy,whose parents refused to accept the alternative standard treatment of tracheotomy and balloon dilation under direct laryngoscopy.results:Sixteen patients with post-intubation SGS were included in this study.Ages ranged from 2 months to 12.25 years old.According to the Cotton-Myer grading system,three cases were Grade II,12 cases were Grade III,and one case was Grade IV.According to the McCaffrey system,eight cases were Stage 1,two cases were Stage 2,and six cases were Stage 3.The average number of procedures was 4.88.Fifteen of the 16 patients achieved clinical cure.One patient achieved clinical improvement.The average treatment course duration was 55.31 days.No severe complications were seen.Post-treatment clinical symptoms,endoscopic findings and quality of life showed marked improvement.Interpretation:Our study supports the conclusion that holmium laser treatment combined with cryotherapy via flexible bronchoscopy appears to be a safe and feasible treatment for post-intubation SGS in children.

13.5 mJ polarized 2.09μm fiber-bulk holmium laser and its application to a mid-infrared ZnGeP2 optical parametric oscillator

A high pulse repetition frequency（PRF）, high energy Ho：YAG laser directly pumped by a Tm-doped fiber laser and its application to a mid-infrared ZnGeP_2（ZGP） optical parametric oscillator（OPO） is demonstrated.The maximum polarized 2.09 μm laser pulse energy is 13.46 mJ at a PRF of 1 k Hz. The corresponding peak power reaches 504 kW. In a double-resonant ZGP-OPO, a maximum mid-infrared laser pulse energy of 1.25 m J,corresponding to a peak power of 79 kW, is accomplished at a PRF of 3 kHz. The nonlinear conversion efficiency reaches 41.7%. The nonlinear slope efficiency reaches 53.3%.

Treatment of Special Renal Colic with Ureteroscope and Holmium YAG Laser

Objective To investigate the method of emergent relief of special renal colic and treatment of ureter diseases causing renal colic. Methods By analyzing 63 cases of special renal colic treated with ureteroscope and Holmium YAG laser. Results 61 cases of renal colic were relieved in a short period of time and the original ureter diseases causing renal colic were cured. Conclusion Special renal colic could be treated with ureteroscope and Holmium YAG laser in a quick and effective manner.

Ureteroscopic Holmium:YAG Laser Lithotripsy for Managing Ureteral Calculi (A Report of 168 Cases)

Summary: The effectiveness and safety of ureteroscopic holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy for managing ureteral calculi was evaluated. Ureteroscopic holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy was performed in 168 ureteral calculi (upper 27 cases, middle 33 cases and lower 108 cases). The results showed that the stone-free rate was 92.6 % in the upper ureteral calculi, 93.9 % in the middle ureteral calculi and 94.4 % in the lower ureteral calculi, respectively. The complication rate was 4.8 % (8 cases). It was suggested that ureteroscopic holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy is a highly effective and safe treatment modality for managing ureteral calculi.

Thulium laser treatment for bladder cancer

Recent innovations in thulium laser techniques have allowed application in the treatment of bladder cancer.Laser en bloc resection of bladder cancer is a transurethral procedure that may offer an alternative to the conventional transurethral resection procedure.We conducted a review of basic thulium laser physics and laser en bloc resection procedures and summarized the current clinical literature with a focus on complications and outcomes.Literature evidence suggests that thulium laser techniques including smooth incision,tissue vaporization,and en bloc resection represent feasible,safe,and effective procedures in the treatment of bladder cancer.Moreover,these techniques allow improved specimen orientation and accurate determination of invasion depth,facilitating correct diagnosis,restaging,and reevaluation of the need for a second resection.Nonetheless,large-scale multicentre studies with longer follow-up are warranted for a robust assessment.The present review is meant as a quick reference for urologists.

Bouveret syndrome masquerading as a gastric mass-unmasked with endoscopic luminal laser lithotripsy:A case report

BACKGROUND Bouveret syndrome,also known as gallstone ileus,is a rare form of gastric outlet obstruction accounting for 1%-3%of cases.This condition is most often reported in females.The diagnosis can be challenging and is often missed due to atypical presentations,which occasionally mimic gastric outlet obstruction symptoms such as nausea,vomiting,loss of appetite and hematemesis.The symptoms vary with stone size.Larger stones are managed with a surgical approach,but this carries increased morbidity and mortality.Over the past decade,the endoscopic approach has emerged as an alternative mode of treatment,but it is generally unsuccessful in the management of larger-sized stones.A literature review revealed cases of successful endoscopic treatment requiring multiple sessions for stone sizes measuring up to about 4.5 cm.Here we present a unique case of an elderly patient with Bouveret syndrome with a 5 cm stone mimicking a gastric mass and causing gastric outlet obstruction,who was successfully managed in a single session using a complete endoscopic approach with laser lithotripsy.CASE SUMMARY An 85-year-old female patient presented with 1-month history of intermittent abdominal pain,vomiting,decreased appetite and weight loss.An abdominal computed tomography showed a 4.5 cm×4.7 cm partially calcified mass at the gastric pylorus causing gastric outlet obstruction.Endoscopy showed an ulcerated fistulous opening and a large 5 cm impacted gallstone in the duodenal bulb.Endoscopic nets and baskets were used in an attempt to remove the stone,but this approach was unsuccessful.Given her advanced age,poor physical condition and underlying comorbidities,she was deemed to be high-risk for surgery.Thus,a minimally invasive approach using endoscopic laser lithotripsy was attempted and successfully treated the stone.Post-procedure,the patient experienced complete resolution of her symptoms with no complications and was able to tolerate her diet.She was subsequently discharged home at 48 h,with an uneventful recovery.CONCLUSION In our paper we describe Bouveret syndrome and highlight its management with a novel endoscopic approach of laser lithotripsy in addition to various other endoscopic approaches available to date and its success rates.

Thulium fiber laser lithotripsy:Is it living up to the hype?

Objective:The holmium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser(Ho:YAG)has been the gold standard for laser lithotripsy over the last three decades.After demonstrating good in vitro efficacy,the thulium fiber laser(TFL)has been recently released in the market and the initial clinical results are encouraging.This article aims to review the main technology differences between the Ho:YAG laser and the TFL,discuss the initial clinical results with the TFL as well as the optimal settings for TFL lithotripsy.Methods:We reviewed the literature focusing on the technological aspects of the Ho:YAG laser and TFL as well as the results of in vitro and in vivo studies comparing both technologies.Results:In vitro studies show a technical superiority of TFL compared to the Ho:YAG laser and encouraging results have been demonstrated in clinical practice.However,as TFL is a new technology,limited studies are currently available,and the optimal settings for lithotripsy are not yet established.Conclusion:TFL has the potential to be an alternative to the Ho:YAG laser,but more reports are still needed to determine the optimal laser for lithotripsy of urinary tract stones when considering all parameters including effectiveness,safety,and costs.

经尿道钬激光整块切除术治疗高危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌47例疗效及术后并发症与复发风险的观察

目的 探讨经尿道钬激光整块切除术治疗高危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(NMIBC)的效果。方法 选取2019年1月至2021年5月承德医学院附属医院94例高危NMIBC病人进行前瞻性研究,按随机数字表法分组,各47例。对照组行经尿道膀胱肿瘤等离子电切术,观察组行经尿道钬激光整块切除术。比较两组手术相关指标、临床疗效、手术前后外周血循环肿瘤细胞(CTCs)计数、肿瘤标志物[癌胚抗原(CEA)、膀胱肿瘤抗原(BTA)、糖链抗原19-9(CA19-9)]、并发症及预后情况。结果 观察组术中出血量、膀胱冲洗、尿管留置及术后住院时间分别为(25.10±4.12)mL、(18.65±6.74)min、(19.57±3.48)h、(8.01±1.69)d,均优于对照组的(43.25±6.78)mL、(24.78±8.12)min、(35.24±5.12)h、(15.32±2.89)d(P<0.05);观察组总有效率87.23%高于对照组68.09%(P<0.05);术后72 h观察组外周血CTCs计数为5.47±2.00,低于对照组的8.96±3.12(P<0.05);术后3、6、12个月观察组血清BTA、CEA、CA19-9水平低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率6.38%(3例)低于对照组23.40%(11例)(P<0.05);术后随访1年,观察组病人1年无复发生存率97.83%(45/46)与对照组90.91%(40/44)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 经尿道钬激光整块切除术可提高高危NMIBC病人临床疗效,减少并发症,加速术后康复进程,并可减少外周血循环肿瘤细胞,降低肿瘤标志物水平。

Cost Analysis of Surgical Approaches Performed by Residents for Bladder Outlet Obstruction: Laser versus Loop

Purpose: Few studies have analyzed cost differences between holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), and none as regards resident training. We compared these costs at a teaching institution with residents from two Boston programs. Methods: We reviewed all patients who underwent TURP (January 2007-August 2010) or HoLEP (April 2008-August 2010) with residents, excluding those with prostate cancer, simultaneous procedures at the same time, or prior urethral procedures. Operative approach was determined following consultation between the senior resident and the attending surgeon. Operative, postoperative, and urologic follow-up costs were captured and analyzed from day of surgery to 6 months post-operatively. Costs were calculated by the Department of Decision Support Services. Results: 38 HoLEP and 23 TURP patients met inclusion criteria. The two groups were comparable with the exception of higher ASA score and anticoagulation use in the HoLEP group. Despite a decreased hospital stay (0.42 vs. 1.25 days), total costs for HoLEP were higher than TURP ($8380.00 vs. $5861.78 p < 0.05) due to higher operative times (123 min vs. 74 min, p < 0.05), resulting in higher operative costs ($6768.14 vs. $3853.35, p < 0.05). Conclusions: HoLEP costs are higher than TURP from longer operative times and higher intraoperative costs, partly due to resident teaching. However, senior residents more often selected HoLEP for medically complex and/or anticoagulated patients. Despite resident inexperience with HoLEP, the complication rate remained low. Higher costs must be weighed against HoLEP benefits, which include less morbidity, shorter hospital stays and faster recovery times.

输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石治疗输尿管上段结石并发输尿管狭窄的危险因素分析

目的探讨输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石治疗输尿管上段结石并发输尿管狭窄的危险因素。方法选取输尿管上段结石患者988例,根据手术设备不同分为软镜组和硬镜组,比较两组皮质醇(Cor)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平。软镜组根据术后有无并发输尿管狭窄分为狭窄组和非狭窄组,采用多因素Logistic回归分析输尿管狭窄的危险因素。结果两组术后Cor、CRP水平均高于术前,且软镜组低于同时间硬镜组(P<0.05)。软镜组输尿管狭窄发生率为5.60%。病程、结石直径、结石嵌顿和输尿管损伤是并发输尿管狭窄的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论输尿管软镜对该类患者机体应激反应影响更小,且病程、结石直径、结石嵌顿及输尿管损伤是并发输尿管狭窄的独立危险因素。