Re-identifying beef cattle using improved AlignedReID++

Accurate and continuous identification of individual cattle is crucial to precision farming in recent years.It is also the prerequisite to monitor the individual feed intake and feeding time of beef cattle at medium to long distances over different cameras.However,beef cattle can tend to frequently move and change their feeding position during feeding.Furthermore,the great variations in their head direction and complex environments(light,occlusion,and background)can also lead to some difficulties in the recognition,particularly for the bio-similarities among individual cattle.Among them,AlignedReID++model is characterized by both global and local information for image matching.In particular,the dynamically matching local information(DMLI)algorithm has been introduced into the local branch to automatically align the horizontal local information.In this research,the AlignedReID++model was utilized and improved to achieve the better performance in cattle re-identification(ReID).Initially,triplet attention(TA)modules were integrated into the BottleNecks of ResNet50 Backbone.The feature extraction was then enhanced through cross-dimensional interactions with the minimal computational overhead.Since the TA modules in AlignedReID++baseline model increased the model size and floating point operations(FLOPs)by 0.005 M and 0.05 G,the rank-1 accuracy and mean average precision(mAP)were improved by 1.0 percentage points and 2.94 percentage points,respectively.Specifically,the rank-1 accuracies were outperformed by 0.86 percentage points and 0.12 percentage points,respectively,compared with the convolution block attention module(CBAM)and efficient channel attention(ECA)modules,although 0.94 percentage points were lower than that of squeeze-and-excitation(SE)modules.The mAP metric values were exceeded by 0.22,0.86 and 0.12 percentage points,respectively,compared with the SE,CBAM,and ECA modules.Additionally,the Cross-Entropy Loss function was replaced with the CosFace Loss function in the global branch of baseline model.CosFace Loss and Hard Triplet Loss were jointly employed to train the baseline model for the better identification on the similar individuals.AlignedReID++with CosFace Loss was outperformed the baseline model by 0.24 and 0.92 percentage points in the rank-1 accuracy and mAP,respectively,whereas,AlignedReID++with ArcFace Loss was exceeded by 0.36 and 0.56 percentage points,respectively.The improved model with the TA modules and CosFace Loss was achieved in a rank-1 accuracy of 94.42%,rank-5 accuracy of 98.78%,rank-10 accuracy of 99.34%,mAP of 63.90%,FLOPs of 5.45 G,frames per second(FPS)of 5.64,and model size of 23.78 M.The rank-1 accuracies were exceeded by 1.84,4.72,0.76 and 5.36 percentage points,respectively,compared with the baseline model,part-based convolutional baseline(PCB),multiple granularity network(MGN),and relation-aware global attention(RGA),while the mAP metrics were surpassed 6.42,5.86,4.30 and 7.38 percentage points,respectively.Meanwhile,the rank-1 accuracy was 0.98 percentage points lower than TransReID,but the mAP metric was exceeded by 3.90 percentage points.Moreover,the FLOPs of improved model were only 0.05 G larger than that of baseline model,while smaller than those of PCB,MGN,RGA,and TransReID by 0.68,6.51,25.4,and 16.55 G,respectively.The model size of improved model was 23.78 M,which was smaller than those of the baseline model,PCB,MGN,RGA,and TransReID by 0.03,2.33,45.06,14.53 and 62.85 M,respectively.The inference speed of improved model on a CPU was lower than those of PCB,MGN,and baseline model,but higher than TransReID and RGA.The t-SNE feature embedding visualization demonstrated that the global and local features were achieve in the better intra-class compactness and inter-class variability.Therefore,the improved model can be expected to effectively re-identify the beef cattle in natural environments of breeding farm,in order to monitor the individual feed intake and feeding time.

The Research about A Regional Drought Identifying System Based on Dynamic Drought Index

With the data of daily precipitation and daily evaporation,dynamic drought index was calculated and compared with the identification standard of drought grade to qualify the severity of drought.According to the dynamic drought index,a regional drought identifying system was developed for the watershed between the reach of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River in Anhui Province by using VC++ working platform and Access database.This drought identifying system would be very useful to forecast and early warn the happening of drought in this area.

A circular zone counting method of identifying a Duffing oscillator state transition and determining the critical value in weak signal detection

Identifying state transition and determining the critical value of the Duffing oscillator are crucial to indicating external signal existence and have a great influence on detection accuracy in weak signal detection. A circular zone counting （CZC） method is proposed in this paper, by combining the Duffing oscillator＇s phase trajectory feature and numerical calculation for quickly and accurately identifying state transition and determining the critical value, to realize a high- efficiency weak signal detection. Detailed model analysis and method construction of the CZC method are introduced. Numerical experiments into the reliability of the proposed CZC method compared with the maximum Lyapunov exponent （MLE） method are carried out. The CZC method is demonstrated to have better detecting ability than the MLE method, and furthermore it is simpler and clearer in calculation to extend to engineering application.

THE QUASI-BOUNDARY VALUE METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING THE INITIAL VALUE OF THE SPACE-TIME FRACTIONAL DIFFUSION EQUATION

In this article,we consider to solve the inverse initial value problem for an inhomogeneous space-time fractional diffusion equation.This problem is ill-posed and the quasi-boundary value method is proposed to deal with this inverse problem and obtain the series expression of the regularized solution for the inverse initial value problem.We prove the error estimates between the regularization solution and the exact solution by using an a priori regularization parameter and an a posteriori regularization parameter choice rule.Some numerical results in one-dimensional case and two-dimensional case show that our method is efficient and stable.

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography for identifying muscle status in strabismus surgery

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography （AS-OCT） finds very few indications in the domain of strabismus surgery. Current applications remain restricted to determining limbus-muscle insertion distance and anterior segment changes after strabismus surgery. We discuss two cases of operated strabismus surgery where AS-OCT imaging helped in identifying the operated eye and/or extra ocular muscles （EOM） and thus proved instrumental in planning and management.

ADJACENT MARTIX METHOD OF IDENTIFYING ISOMORPHISM TO PLANAR KINEMATIC CHAIN WITH MULTIPLE JOINTS AND HIGHER PAIRS

The adjacent matrix method for identifying isomorphism to planar kinematic chain with multiple joints and higher pairs is presented. The topological invariants of the planar kinematic chain can be calculated and compared by adjacent matrix. The quantity of calculation can be reduced effectively using the several divisions of bars and the reconfiguration of the adjacent matrix. As two structural characteristics of adjacent matrix, the number of division and division code are presented. It can be identified that two kinematic chains are isomorphic or not by comparing the structural characteristics of their adjacent matrixes using a method called matching row-to-row. This method may be applied to the planar linkage chain too. So, the methods of identifying isomorphism are unified in the planar kinematic chain that has or hasn＇t higher pairs with or without multiple joints. And it has some characters such as visual, simple and convenient for processing by computer, and so on.

ID-TIMS U-Pb Geochronology of the Tayatea Dyke Swarm of Australia: Identifying Tasmania's Nearest Neighbours in the Proterozoic

The Tayatea Dyke Swarm(also known as the Tayatea Dolerite)comprises well-exposed northeast-trending tholeiitic dykes that intrude the Rocky Cape Group(RCG)of northwest Tasmania,Australia.The dykes commonly

Kalman filter of the force signal of identifying weld seam in remote teaching

For reasons of the vibration of robot, the rough surface of weld seam and electromagnetic disturbance of welding machine, the force signals of identifying weld seam become unstable. The position error of remote teaching point is too big to meet teaching requirements in remote welding. The force signals of identifying weld seam can be filtered by Kalman. The force signals of identifying weld seam of next teaching point is accurately predicted according to predicting algorithms, such as the equation of the state, the equation of the observation, the gain matrix of the filter and the covariance matrix of predicting state. The experimental results show that the precision of identifying weld seam is improved by Kalman.filter.

A NEW PROBE FOR IDENTIFYING PROPERTIES OF SUPPORTED METAL AND METAL OXIDE CATALYSTS

A novel molecular probe for identifying properties of supported transition metals and metal oxides catalysts was established.The catalytic mechanism of transition metals was proposed.

Identifying New Rhythms in Sino-US Relations

2018 marks the 40 th anniversary of China's reform and opening up,and also the 40 th anniversary of the establishment of China-US diplomatic ties.On December 16,1978,the Chinese and American governments published the Joint Communiqué of the People's Republic of China and the United States of America.Nearly at the same time,the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held its third plenary session in Beijing between December 18 and 22,1978.This was no coincidence: Sino-US relations are an issue integral to China's development.

Challenges and opportunities identifying therapeutic targets for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy resulting from oxidative DNA damage

Background on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy（CIPN）Incidence,prevalence,and consequences：Up to 90%of cancer patients experience CIPN at some point during or after anticancer treatment（Seretny et al.,2014）.

Identifying Chinese Suppliers in a Competitive Market

This month＇s column highlights what African businesspeople should be aware of when looking to find Chinese suppliers by giving prominence to identifying the most respected companies in each market.

New technique for identifying varieties resistance to rice blast

After 8 yrs lab experiments and field tests, an advanced technique for identifying varieties resistance to rice blast was developed by a research group in Plant Protection Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. With this technique, the inoculum was prepared on a maize-rice-straw-agar media which was suitable for sporulation of most rice blast pathogen isolates. To avoid possible virulence variation during the vegetative growth, the conidia were harvested and preserved for later different sets of resistance evaluation tests. A simple and precise new method—smear inoculation was used for infection. The experi-

Foundations and implications of Human Aging Omics:A framework for identifying cumulative health risks from embryo to senescence

We are witnessing a global demographic shift towards an aging society,driven by significant improvements in life expectancy.Over the past two decades,the average life expectancy has increased by more than 6 years from 66.8 years in 2000 to73.3 years in 2019,and is projected to reach 74.6 years by 2030[1].

DAIS: a method for identifying spatial domains based on density clustering of spatial omics data

In multicellular organisms,the spatial arrangement of cells profoundly influences the biological functions of tissues,underscoring the importance of identifying spatial domains in biology.Recent advancements in spatial omics,particularly spatial transcriptomics(ST)(Bressan et al.,2023),have enhanced our understanding of tissue spatial organization(Zhang et al.,2022;Tian et al.,2023).

Identifying and localizing of seismogenic electromagnetic anomalies from data observed by permanent MT stations

In this research, an arbitrarily oriented electric dipole at subsurface is used to simulate Seismogenic Electromagnetic(SEM) radiation emanating from a seismic zone during its gestation phase. Analytical synthesis of responses at the Lijiang magnetotelluric(MT) station has revealed that SEM radiation could induce identifiable anomalies in the electromagnetic(EM)spectrum, apparent resistivity and phase within specific frequency bands. Background variations were extracted from long-term observation data of Dali and Lijiang MT stations, enabling the identification of SEM anomalies related to the Yunlong and Yangbi earthquakes. Multiple parameters of dipole sources at subsurface were obtained by applying the Differential Ant Colony Optimization(DACO) algorithm to anomalous data of two stations with multi-frequencies and various response functions. The spatial distribution of these predicted dipoles is predominantly clustered in or around the seismogenic area, with their azimuthal orientation aligning towards the seismogenic fault in general. This study has demonstrated the potential of using subsurface electric dipole simulations for SEM radiation analysis, offering a feasible approach for the prediction and understanding of seismogenic zones.

2D Cd-MOF and its mixed-matrix membranes for luminescence sensing antibiotics in various aqueous systems and visible fingerprint identifying

The abuse of antibiotics has brought great harm to the human living environment and health,so it is extremely significant to develop an efficient and simple method to detect trace antibiotic residues in various wastewaters.Herein,a new two-dimensional(2D)Cd-based metal−organic framework(Cd-MOF,namely LCU-111)and its mixed matrix membranes(MMMs)is sifted as luminescence sensors for efficient monitoring antibiotic nitrofurazone(NFZ)in various aqueous systems and applied as visible fingerprint identifying.The LCU-111 has good selectivity,sensibility,reproducibility and anti-interference for luminescent quenching NFZ with low detection limits(LODs)of 0.4567,0.3649 and 0.8071 ppm in aqueous solution,HEPES biological buffer,and real urban Tuhai River water,respectively.Interestingly,the luminescent test papers and MMMs allow the NFZ sensing easier and more rapid by naked eyes,only with a low LOD of 0.8117 ppm for MMMs sensor.Notably,by combining multiple experiments with density functional theory(DFT)calculations,the photo-induced electron transfer(PET)quenching mechanism is further elucidated.More importantly,potential practical applications of LCU-111 for latent fingerprint visualization provide lifelike evidences for effective identification of individuals,which can be applied in criminal investigation.

Analysis on Genetic Diversity of 40 Flowering Cherry Cultivars and Construction of Molecular ID Based on SSR Markers

Studying on the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of flowering cherry cultivars is extremely important for germplasm conservation, cultivar identification and breeding. Flowering cherry is widely cultivated as an important woody ornamental plant in worldwide, especially Japan, China. However, owning to the morphological similarity, many cultivars are distinguished hardly in non-flowering season. Here, we evaluated the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of 40 flowering cherry cultivars, which are mainly cultivated in China. We selected 13 polymorphicprimers to amplify to allele fragments with fluorescent-labeled capillary electrophoresis technology. The population structure analysis results show that these cultivars could be divided into 4 subpopulations. At the population level, Na and Ne were 6.062, 4.326, respectively. Ho and He were 0.458 and 0.670, respectively. The Shannon’s information index (I) was 1.417. The Pop3, which originated from P. serrulata, had the highest Ho, He, and I among the 4 subpopulations. AMOVA showed that only 4% of genetic variation came from populations, the 39% variation came from individuals and 57% (p < 0.05) came from intra-individuals. 5 polymorphic SSR primers were selected to construct molecular ID code system of these cultivars. This analysis on the genetic diversity and relationship of the 40 flowering cherry cultivars will help to insight into the genetic background, relationship of these flowering cherry cultivars and promote to identify similar cultivars.

IRESfinder:Identifying RNA internal ribosome entry site in eukaryotic cell using framed k-mer features

In eukaryotic cells, initiation of protein translation is to recruit the ribosome to a specific mRNA, which is generally dependent on the 5＇ cap structure. However, protein translation can also be initiated in a cap-independent manner by using a cis-regulatory element termed the internal ribosome entry site （IRES）. The first experimentally validated IRES was reported in the poliovirus （Pelletier and Sonenberg, 1988）. Then eukaryotic cellular mRNAs were also validated to contain IRES elements.

Identifying normal embryos from reciprocal translocation carriers by whole chromosome haplotyping

Reciprocal translocation is a chromosomal structural abnormal- ity that arises when two non-homologous chromosomes rearrange and attach with each other, an incidence that occurs in about 1/500 to 1/625 newborns （Mackie and Scriven, 2002）. This event typically does not lead to any significant loss of genetic material, thus recip- rocal translocation carriers do not exhibit any severe abnormal phenotypes （Scriven et al., 1998; Zhang et al., 2016）.