Effects of Oleanolic Acid on the Immune Complex Allergic Reaction and Inflammation

When oleanolic acid (OA) was administered ig before and after sensitization on d 1 to d 5 and d 11 to d 17,it had no apparent effect on Arthus reaction.When it was administered at 48,24 and 1 h before challenge,however,Arthus reaction was significantly inhibited.OA showed markedly suppressive effects on reversible passive Arthus reaction and leukocyte migratory response.It could significantly stabilize erythrocyte membrane,inhibit the swelling of the rat's hind paw induced by in- jecting mycostatin,reduce the acid phosphatase content in the inflammatory exudate,suppress the syn- thesis or release of PGE,histamine,LTB4 and kinin,and the phlogistic action of PGE_2,histamine,5- HT and kinin.In addition,it could decrease the content of malonyldialdehyde (MDA) in hepatic tissue of alcohol-intoxicated mice,and increase the activity of catalase (CAT) in hepatic tissue of mice.OA had no apparent effect on the activity of super-oxide dismutase (SOD) in rat serum,on the content of immune complex in serum of rat with Arthus reaction,on the phagocytosis of monocytc-macrophage system,on the clearance of enzyme-containing immune complex by macrophage,or on the activity of total complement.

Immunology demystified: A guide for transplant hepatologists

Liver transplantation has become standard practice for treating end-stage liver disease.The success of the procedure relies on effective immunosuppressive medications to control the host's immune response.Despite the liver's inherent capacity to foster tolerance,the early post-transplant period is marked by significant immune reactivity.To ensure favorable outcomes,it is imperative to identify and manage various rejection types,encompassing T-cell-mediated,antibody-mediated,and chronic rejection.However,the approach to prescribing immunosuppressants relies heavily on clinical judgment rather than evidencebased criteria.Given that the majority of patients will require lifelong immunosuppression as the mechanisms underlying operational tolerance are still being investigated,healthcare providers must possess an understanding of immune responses,rejection mechanisms,and the pathways targeted by immunosuppressive drugs.This knowledge enables customization of treatments and improved patient care,even though a consensus on an optimal immunosuppressive regimen remains elusive.

DIFFERENT EFFECT OF MOUSE HEPATOCARCINOMA CELLS WITH DIFFERENT METASTATIC POTENTIAL ON HOST IMMUNE SYSTEM

Objective: To investigate the effect of mouse hepatocarcinoma cell line HCa-F (high metastatic potential) and HCa-P (low metastatic potential) on immune system of the host. Methods: Mice were subcutaneously implanted with HCA-F (F) or HCa-P (P) cells. Cell cycle of lymphocytes from metastatic lymph nodes of tumor-bearing mice was studied by flow cytometry. Fas-L expression of F and P cells was detected immunohistochemically. Apoptosis of macrophages in metastatic lymph nodes was examined by TUNEL methods. Results: For the Hca-F cell bearing mice, the proliferating peak of lymphocytes appeared on 14th day post-inoculation and then decreased rapidly, while for the Hca-P cell bearing mice, the peak appeared on the 7th day post-inoculation and then kept at high level. The expression of Fas-L in F cells was stronger than that in P cells (P<0.01). Apoptosis occurred in macrophages near metastatic F cells in lymph nodes of tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion: Carcinoma cells with high metastatic potential may suppress immune reaction of host through inducing apoptosis of macrophages (one of the important antigen present cells) by Fas-L-Fas interreaction. And the expression of Fas-L in tumor cells may be associated with high metastatic ability to lymph nodes.

Oxygen-glucose deprivation of neurons transfected with toll-like receptor 3-siRNA Determination of an optimal transfection sequence

Toll-like receptor 3 protein expression has been shown to be upregulated during cerebral ische- mia/reperfusion injury in rats. In this study, rat primary cortical neurons were subjected to oxy- gen-glucose deprivation to simulate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Chemically synthesized small interfedng RNA （siRNA）-1280, -1724 and -418 specific to toll-like receptor 3 were transfected into oxygen-glucose deprived cortical neurons to suppress the upregulation of toll-like receptor 3 protein expression. Western blotting demonstrated that after transfection with siRNA, toll-like re- ceptor 3 protein expression reduced, especially in the toll-like receptor 3-1724 group. These results suggested that siRNA-1724 is an optimal sequence for inhibiting toll-like receptor 3 expression in cortical neurons following oxygen-glucose deprivation.

The Study of Enzymology Characterization of Ctenopharyngodon idellus LDH Isozyme

LDH-A_4,B_4,and C_4 were isolated and purified from Ctenopharyngodon idellus tissues by means ofaffinity chromatography.The purity,amino acid content and kinetics were analyzed.The anti-LDH-A_4,B_4,and C_4 antibodies were prepared from rabbit sensitized by LDH-A_4,B_4,and C_4respectively.The LDH patterns of some freshwater fish and marine fish were identified by theantigen-antibody precipitation reaction.The homology between LDH isozyme molecules fromdifferent sources and the immunological homology of different LDH isozymes were discussed.

Enhancing biocompatibility of the brain-machine interface:A review

In vivo implantation of microelectrodes opens the door to studying neural circuits and restoring damaged neural pathways through direct electrical stimulation and recording.Although some neuroprostheses have achieved clinical success,electrode material properties,inflammatory response,and glial scar formation at the electrode-tissue interfaces affect performance and sustainability.Those challenges can be addressed by improving some of the materials’mechanical,physical,chemical,and electrical properties.This paper reviews materials and designs of current microelectrodes and discusses perspectives to advance neuroprosthetics performance.

Immunological study on the transplantation of an improved deproteinized heterogeneous bone scaffold material in tissue engineering

Objective： To observe the immune response after the transplantation of a deproteinized heterogeneous bone scaffold and provides the theoretic reference for clinical practice. Methods： The fresh pig bone and deproteinized bone were transplanted respectively to establish BABL/C thigh muscle pouches model of male mice and take the samples for detection at 1, 2, 4, 6 weeks after operation. Lymphocyte stimulation index, subset analysis, serum specific antibody IgG, cytokine detection and topographic histologic reaction after implantation were investigated. Results： After the transplantation of deproteinized bone, lymphocyte stimulation index, CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ T-lymphocyte subsets, serum specific antibody IgG and cytokines in deproteinized bone group were significantly lower than those in fresh pig bone group at each time point （P〈0.05）. The histological examination found that in fresh bone group at each time point, a large quantity of inflammatory cells infiltrated in the surrounding of bone graft, and they were mainly lymphocytes, including macrophages and monocytes. In deproteinized bone group, there were few inflammatory cells infiltration around bone graft one week after operation. The lymphocytes were decreased as time went by. At 6 weeks, fibroblasts and fibrous tissue grew into the graft, and osteoclasts and osteoprogenitor cells appeared on the verge. Conclusions： The established heterogeneous deproteinized bone has low immunogenicity and is a potentially ideal scaffold material for bone tissue engineering.