An analysis of agarwood trade patterns,historical perspectives,and species identification challenges:repercussions for importing nations

Background:Agarwood,primarily derived from the Aquilaria and Gyrinops genera,holds significant economic importance.However,there is a lack of comprehensive investigations providing guidance to importing nations regarding cultivation quantities and expected yields of Agarwood from distinct species.This study aims to address this gap by exploring the historical context and trade evolution of Agarwood,highlighting its global importance,and the challenges associated with securing accurate species information.Method:On-site visits to Agarwood cultivation sites were conducted to gain a nuanced understanding of Aquilaria species and their cultivation requirements.Additionally,a thorough analysis of global export and import data for Agarwood products over the last decade was undertaken.Results:China Mainland emerged as the leading exporter of Agarwood,averaging an annual export value of USD 1 million.India’s substantial exports challenge the prevailing notion of limited Agarwood production within its borders.Hong Kong and Singapore are pivotal distribution hubs,while Hong Kong and Taipei feature prominently as import destinations.Our analysis uncovers anomalies in the representation of Agarwood producers from 2001 to 2008,suggesting potential misclassification of Aquilaria Agarwood as Gyrinops in global export information.These findings underscore the urgency of investigating classification and reporting practices in the Agarwood trade.Furthermore,A.filaria emerges as a notable source,while A.malaccensis is decline in prominence.Conclusion:This study provides crucial insights for policymakers,stakeholders,and industry players seeking to make informed decisions in the Agarwood trade landscape.The results highlight the need for accurate species identification,classification,and reporting practices to ensure sustainable cultivation and trade of Agarwood.

Factor Analysis on Industrial International Competitiveness： An Empirical Study on China Air Transport Industry

After China＇s entry into WTO, our industries will be confronted with fiercer competition. How to strengthen their international competitiveness to seek for survival and development has become a very urgent problem. This paper first simply discusses the meaning and theo^es of industrial international competitiveness, then chooses proper indexes according to some principles, explains the factor analysis method of industrial international competitiveness, and finally makes empirical analysis on China air transport industry.

Analysis of China's Energy Industrial Development Trend in 2016

Nowadays,China has become the world’s largest energy producer,consumer and CO_2 emitter.Although the economic growth is slowing down,China still has a bigger portion in world’s energy demand increment for its larger economic volume and is an important endogenous factor of global energy market.

Analysis of Contradiction Between Coal and Power Industry

At the beginning of 2008, the Central, East and South China suffered a rare snow and ice disaster. After the disaster, power generation and power grid enterprises faced a big problem of power coal supply.

Market demand analysis of textile machinery industry in 2008

Textile machinery industry is one important part concerning the development of textile industry,and its developing technical level symbolizes the advanced production force of textile industry and its advanced technology and independent innovation have much to do with the structural adjustment and technical progress of textile industry as well as the further improvement of labor capacity.

Analysis of the Current Industrial Growth Pattern

The process of economic growth and industrial structure upgrading is essentially a process of the formation and replacement of high growth industries. After steady operations over the past three years, China’s industrial growth structure has undergone significant changes, with a number of industries (automobile, machine-building, real estate and tourism) accelerating to become a major force in fueling national economic growth. Whether or not the high growth of these industries will persist so that they become pillar industries in the new round of growth is the key to determining both the nature and the formation of the engine of the new round of growth.

Intemational Competitiveness of Export-oriented Industries in Bulgaria

With increasing globalization and Bulgaria＇s accession into the European Union （EU）, the question how to improve the country＇s international competitiveness has become very important and urgent. The aim of the paper is to present the results of a research on the past decade＇s competitiveness of Bulgarian export-oriented sectors, enjoying good positions in local and international markets and having a high development potential. The first part of the article presents a comprehensive review of the concept of competitiveness--its definitions, factors, and measurements at national, industry, and firm level. On the basis of the theoretical considerations, an empirical analysis on the current state of competitiveness of the selected export-oriented industries is performed. These include metallurgy, machine building, chemicals, clothing and textiles, furniture, wine production, tobacco, and food processing. The research answers the following questions： What are the major competitive advantages of Bulgarian export-oriented industries on the world market？ What are their disadvantages？ How did they change over the period 2002-2012, and what steps should be taken to meet the challenges？ The employed methods of analysis are both quantitative--calculating various production, trade, and price indices, and qualitative--carrying out a survey among top managers of firms operating in the selected industries across all the regions of the country. Results show that the country＇s competitiveness on international level has gradually improved but still remains at a comparatively low level as Bulgarian producers compete mostly on the price, invest very little in research and development （R＆D）, rely on low labor costs, and produce goods with low added value. The paper looks into the specific challenges to competitiveness faced by different sectors and the implications of addressing them. In conclusion, it puts forward some recommendations for boosting Bulgaria＇s international competitiveness which are aimed at key stakeholders： companies, central and local government, and institutions promoting cooperation.

Data Envelopment Analysis Approach on the Industrial Efficiency and Scales and Its Application in Shandong

A data envelopment analysis (DEA ) model is set up for the industrial efficiency and scales evaluation in this paper. By calculating. the efficiency coefficient and the scale state of Shandong province in Chian are obtained. Based on the analysis results, the paper presents the improvement ways which make the industrial efficiency getting to the higher levell by adjusting the input and output variables of the industry of Shandong.

Textile Industry to See Slow Growth Analysis of industrial production activities in the first four months

Textile industry, a major driver of the Chinese economy, has fallen victim to the global credit crisis and weaker demand. In the first two months, the output, sale, investment and export of textile industry grew at a slower pace than last year. But things began to pick up after that as the economy slowly begins to recover since March. Signif icant gains at that time will be hard to come by, and won’t be nearly enough to prevent other sizeable slippage in overall textile and apparel activity.

Textile industry to see slow growth Analysis of industrial production activities in the first eight months

The textile sector,a major driver of the Chinese economy,has fallen victim to the global credit crisis and weaker demand.In the first eight months

Trace metals in atmospheric fine particles in one industrial urban city: Spatial variations, sources, and health implications

Trace metals in PM2.5 were measured at one industrial site and one urban site during September, 2010 in Ji＇nan, eastern China. Individual aerosol particles and PM2.5 samples were collected concurrently at both sites. Mass concentrations of eleven trace metals （i.e., Al, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ba, and Pb） and one metalloid （i.e., As） were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy （ICP-AES）. The result shows that mass concentrations of PM2.5 （130μg/m3） and trace metals （4.03 μg/m3） at the industrial site were 1.3 times and 1.7 times higher than those at the urban site, respectively, indicating that industrial activities nearby the city can emit trace metals into the surrounding atmosphere. Fe concentrations were the highest among all the measured trace metals at both sites, with concentrations of 1.04 ixg/m 3 at the urban site and 2.41 Itg/m3 at the industrial site, respectively. In addition, Pb showed the highest enrichment factors at both sites, suggesting the emissions from anthropogenic activities existed around the city. Correlation coefficient analysis and principal component analysis revealed that Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn were originated from vehicular traffic and industrial emissions at both sites; As, Cr, and part of Pb from coal-fired power plant; Ba and Ti from natural soil. Based on the transmission electron microscopy analysis, we found that most of the trace metals were internally mixed with secondary sulfate/organic particles. These internally mixed trace metals in the urban air may have different toxic abilities compared with externally mixed trace metals.

Factors influencing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emissions and control in major industrial sectors: Case evidence from Shandong Province, China

Analyzing determinants that influence polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran（PCDD/F） emissions is helpful for decision-makers to find effective and efficient ways to mitigate PCDD/F emissions. The PCDD/F emissions and the contributions of the scale effect, structure effect and technology effect to emissions from eight main industrial sectors in2006, 2008 and 2010 in Shandong Province, were calculated in this article. Total PCDD/F emissions in Shandong increased by 52.8% in 2008（614.1 g I-TEQ） and 49.7% in 2010（601.8 g I-TEQ） based on 2006（401.9 g I-TEQ）. According to the decomposition method, the largest influencing factor on PCDD/F emission changes was the composition effect（contributed 43.4%in 2008 and 120.6% in 2010 based on 2006）, which was also an emission-increasing factor.In this case, the present industrial restructuring policy should be adjusted to control the proportion of production capacities with high emission factors, such as iron ore sintering and steelmaking and the secondary non-ferrous metal sector. The scale effect increased the emissions in 2008（contributed 21.9%） and decreased the emissions in 2010（contributed-28.0%）. However, as a source control measure, the excess capacity control policy indeed had a significant role in emission reduction. The main reason for the technology effect（contributed 34.7% in 2008 and 7.4% in 2010 based on 2006） having an emission-increasing role was the weakness in implementing policies for restricting industries with outdated facilities. Some specific suggestions were proposed on PCDD/F reduction for local administrators at the end.

Textile Industry Economic Operation Analysis in Q1

Cotton Textile:Price Rising in Imp.& Exp.Trade According to State Administration of Statistics,from Jan.to March,3896 statistics-worthy(whose annul output exceeding 20 million yuan)yarn manufacturers produced yarn 6.18 million tons,rising 12.54% from the

Apparel Industry Witnesses Positive Activity Analysis of economic performance of China's apparel industry in Jan.-Aug.

Production Recovery China’s apparel industry saw a sharp increase in the output for the January-September period, according to data collected from statistics-worthy

Analysis of The Domestic Aluminum Industry in 2017

2016,the starting year of the 13th Five-Year period,was a satisfactory year for aluminum enterprises.With the government’s intensified efforts in supply-side reform,economic restructuring achieved initial results。

STATUS AND ANALYSIS OF AUTO INSTRUMENT INDUSTRY IN CHINA

Ⅰ. Status of Auto Instrument Industry in China Begun in the year of 1951, China’s auto instrument manufacturing industry has a long history of more than 40 years. Now, it hms an annual production capacity of 2 million sets, and an employee of more than 10 thousand

Analysis of Lead-acid Battery Industry Development Trend in China in 2018

As lead-acid battery market segment shows fierce competition,scale advantage is the key.With high market concentration and fierce competition in chemical battery industry,the price war and cost increase have significantly reduced the net profit margin of major players in the industry.With higher requirements for battery performance by consumers and greater attention paid to environmental protection

China's Cotton Textile Industry Faces Growing Pressure The analysis of economic performance of China's cotton textile industry in Jan.-Feb.(Part A)

Although the Chinese government has published a seriesof favorable policies for textile industry,the outcome of thesefiscal policies in Chinese cotton machinery industry tends to besmall at this stage,since the effects of policies is hysteresial,and the industry had extended 2009 spring holiday amid thefinancial crisis.

Analysis of China's New Energy Vehicle Battery Industry

As a strategic emerging industry,the new energy vehicle industry has been a key industry in China in recent years and has great significance for China to realize industrial transformation and upgrading,and seize the commanding heights of international competition.In particular,the industry has been vigorously boosted by the introduction of the subsidy policy in 2014 and has achieved faster development.Today,China’s new

Analysis on Production and Sales of Automobile Industry in the Past Six Months of 2001

2 Analysis of production and sales by types Among all nine types, cars, mini buses and heavy trucks took 24.84%, 29.22% and 20.07%