Nowadays researchers working in various fields study the issues of argument. They represent different approaches which distinguish with theoretical and practical comprehension of argument problems. Informal study of a...Nowadays researchers working in various fields study the issues of argument. They represent different approaches which distinguish with theoretical and practical comprehension of argument problems. Informal study of argument is one of the approaches. The key reason of its appearance was the criticism of formal logic in the late 20th century. Researchers consider the argument from the different point of view. Formal dialectics and pragma-dialectics were based on dialectics. Contemporary rhetorical theories of argument were created on the rhetorical grounds; theory of speech acts on the basis of practical philosophy etc.. This paper is devoted to some theoretical problems of informal logic which was formed on the logic background in the late 70＇s. In spite of numerous papers, books, and text-books on informal logic published over the last thirty years, logicians has not achieved consensus so far on many issues. Among the numerous problems are： what is the subject matter of informal logic？ Does informal logic belong to the realm of logic？ Is it applied epistemology？ What is a real argument？ And what are the criteria for evaluating of such arguments？展开更多
Sensorial information is very difficult to elicit, to represent and to manage because of its complexity. Fuzzy logic provides an interesting means to deal with such information, since it allows us to represent impreci...Sensorial information is very difficult to elicit, to represent and to manage because of its complexity. Fuzzy logic provides an interesting means to deal with such information, since it allows us to represent imprecise, vague or incomplete descriptions, which are very common in the management of subjective information. Aggregation methods proposed by fuzzy logic are further useful to combine the characteristics of the various components of sensorial information.展开更多
The concept of general argumentation has expanded the family of logic so that it incorporates the logic of other cultures besides modern culture. Based on reports of fieldwork among the Azande and the fruits of resear...The concept of general argumentation has expanded the family of logic so that it incorporates the logic of other cultures besides modern culture. Based on reports of fieldwork among the Azande and the fruits of research on ancient Chinese logic and the logic of Buddhism, this paper attempts to provide a factual foundation for the proposition ＂the cultural relativity of logic＂ from a descriptive perspective. Adopting deductive argument as a meta-method, this paper argues for the existence of the cultural relativity of logic in modern culture and of the translated version of the logic of other cultures in modem culture. With the aid of ethnography and the historical research findings, we show that the logic of other cultures also has its own cultural relativity. We also seek to show through the concepts of language games and life forms that deductive argumentation as a meta-method likewise possesses cultural relativity.展开更多
文摘Nowadays researchers working in various fields study the issues of argument. They represent different approaches which distinguish with theoretical and practical comprehension of argument problems. Informal study of argument is one of the approaches. The key reason of its appearance was the criticism of formal logic in the late 20th century. Researchers consider the argument from the different point of view. Formal dialectics and pragma-dialectics were based on dialectics. Contemporary rhetorical theories of argument were created on the rhetorical grounds; theory of speech acts on the basis of practical philosophy etc.. This paper is devoted to some theoretical problems of informal logic which was formed on the logic background in the late 70＇s. In spite of numerous papers, books, and text-books on informal logic published over the last thirty years, logicians has not achieved consensus so far on many issues. Among the numerous problems are： what is the subject matter of informal logic？ Does informal logic belong to the realm of logic？ Is it applied epistemology？ What is a real argument？ And what are the criteria for evaluating of such arguments？
文摘Sensorial information is very difficult to elicit, to represent and to manage because of its complexity. Fuzzy logic provides an interesting means to deal with such information, since it allows us to represent imprecise, vague or incomplete descriptions, which are very common in the management of subjective information. Aggregation methods proposed by fuzzy logic are further useful to combine the characteristics of the various components of sensorial information.
文摘The concept of general argumentation has expanded the family of logic so that it incorporates the logic of other cultures besides modern culture. Based on reports of fieldwork among the Azande and the fruits of research on ancient Chinese logic and the logic of Buddhism, this paper attempts to provide a factual foundation for the proposition ＂the cultural relativity of logic＂ from a descriptive perspective. Adopting deductive argument as a meta-method, this paper argues for the existence of the cultural relativity of logic in modern culture and of the translated version of the logic of other cultures in modem culture. With the aid of ethnography and the historical research findings, we show that the logic of other cultures also has its own cultural relativity. We also seek to show through the concepts of language games and life forms that deductive argumentation as a meta-method likewise possesses cultural relativity.
