Estimating the Input Power of a Power Plant Using the Efficiency of the Inverter

The study focuses on estimating the input power of a power plant from available data, using the theoretical inverter efficiency as the key parameter. The paper addresses the problem of missing data in power generation systems and proposes an approach based on the efficiency formula widely documented in the literature. In the absence of input data, this method makes it possible to estimate the plant’s input power using data extracted from the site, in particular that provided by the Ministry of the Environment. The importance of this study lies in the need to accurately determine the input power in order to assess the overall performance of the energy system.

Cotidal charts and tidal power input atlases of the global ocean from TOPEX/Poseidon and JASON-1 altimetry

The global distributions of eight principal tidal constituents, M2, S2, K1, O1, N2, K2, P1, and Q1, are derived using TOPEX/Poseidon and JASON-1（T/P-J） satellite altimeter data for 16 a. The intercomparison of the derived harmonics at 7000 subsatellite track crossover points shows that the root mean square （RMS） values of the tidal height differences of the above eight constituents range from 1.19 cm to 2.67 cm, with an average of about 2 cm. The RMS values of the tidal height differences between T/P-J solutions and the harmonics from ground measurements at 152 tidal gauge stations for the above constituents range from 0.34 cm to 1.08 cm, and the relative deviations range from 0.031 to 0.211. The root sum square of the RMS differences of these eight constituents is 2.12 cm, showing the improvement of the present model over the existing global ocean tidal models. Based on the obtained tidal model the global ocean tidal energetics is studied and the global distribution of the tidal power input density by tide-generating force of each constituent is calculated, showing that the power input source regions of semidiurnal tides are mainly concentrated in the tropical belt between 30S and 30N, while the power input source regions of diurnal tides are mainly concentrated off the tropic oceans. The global energy dissipation rates of the M2, S2, K1, O1, N2, P1, K2 and Q1 tides are 2.424, 0.401, 0.334, 0.160, 0.113, 0.035, 0.030 and 0.006 TW, respectively. The total global tidal dissipation rate of these eight constituents amounts to 3.5 TW.

Effects of low temperatures on strength and power input into rock failure

Study results of low temperature effects on the strength index and specific power input into rock failure are presented.It has been experimentally determined that within the range of-5 °С to-15 °С,there is a local minimum at which the compression strength and specific power input into failure of some rocks are 10%-50% lower than those at positive temperatures.

Research on Input Power Testing Technology of Smart Toilet

Input power is an important indicator for the safety testing of electrical and electronic products.Smart toilets have been frequently detected that the actual input power is inconsistent with the nominal power.Research and analysis show that the accuracy of the input power measurement results of the smart toilet mainly depends on the temperature control principle and power test method of the product.This article mainly discusses the characteristics of product temperature control,the testing method of mean and peak power and its characteristics,which will provide reference for the input power test of the smart toilet,and will improve the accuracy of power measurement.

A Novel Method of Auxiliary Power Supply Used in Wide-Range High Voltage Input DC-DC Converter

In high voltage input DC-DC converter, auxiliary winding of isolation transformer is usually used to supply power for control circuit. Due to the wide-range of input voltage, the variable output voltage of auxiliary winding will cause a series of problems, such as variable drive pulse amplitude, increased driver switching devices loss and drive transformer core saturation. This paper analyzes the influence of variable output voltage of auxiliary winding in detail. A novel method is proposed to solve the problem of large variation range of auxiliary winding output voltage, which is adding a buck converter between the auxiliary winding and the control circuit. A dual switch forward convert has been designed with 300 V - 800 V input and 24 V/5 A output. The results show that this method is effective by comparing the different results of using buck converter or not.

Design and Analysis of Low Power Hybrid Memristor-CMOS Based Distinct Binary Logic Nonvolatile SRAM Cell

Memristor is a newly found fourth circuit element for the next generation emerging nonvolatile memory technology. In this paper, design of new type of nonvolatile static random access memory cell is proposed by using a combination of memristor and complemented metal oxide semiconductor. Biolek memristor model and CMOS 180 nm technology are used to form a single cell. By introducing distinct binary logic to avoid safety margin is left for each binary logic output and enables better read/write data integrity. The total power consumption reduces from 0.407 mw (milli-watt) to 0.127 mw which is less than existing memristor based memory cell of the same CMOS technology. Read and write time is also significantly reduced. However, write time is higher than conventional 6T SRAM cell and can be reduced by increasing motion of electron in the memristor. The change of the memristor state is shown by applying piecewise linear input voltage.

基于VMD的MAG焊输入端电信号频域分析

通过电信号采集平台,对焊机输入输出端电信号进行同步采集.分析弧焊电源整流电路,对输入电信号进行整流处理得到输入电压与电流,最终计算得到弧焊电源的输入功率.经过对比发现输出电流与瞬时输入功率峰值变化趋势基本一致.论述了变分模态分解(VMD)原理及方法,并对瞬时输入功率进行分解,得到一系列特征BLIMFs信号.通过对不同过渡模式(大滴过渡、短路过渡和混合过渡)下瞬时输入功率信号、特征IMF信号和焊接输出电流信号在频域上的对比分析,发现VMD能够有效得到低频(IMF1)、中频(IMF2)和高频信号(IMF3),且中频和高频信号表现出了焊机不控整流的脉动信息(300 Hz)以及电网的干扰.而低频IMF1信号与焊接输出电流信号频域一致性良好,并在时域上也有良好的一致性.结果表明了通过对输入瞬时功率的VMD,其低频分量能够有效表征焊接过程,从而为从输入端评定过渡过程稳定性提供了一种新思路.

基于热功率的焊接热输入分配及稀释率预测

【目的】热输入Q_(HI)仅简单描述了焊接能量的来源与大小,没有阐明焊缝与母材吸收的热量如何分配的不足。【方法】该文利用基于填充金属量提出的热功率PPR概念,通过焊缝尺寸测量,JmatPro与公式计算等手段,实现了焊接热输入分配及稀释率进行的预测。【结果】基于P_(PR)可实现对熔化母材面积A_(mb)的预测,其曲线变化可分为渐增区、快增区、缓增区3个阶段。结合JmatPro计算的材料体积比热容与A_(mb)预测公式,可将不同PPR下的有效焊接热输入Q_(e)进行细分,发现在可焊区形成焊缝的热输入只占其31.77%~34.69%。【结论】提出了基于P_(PR)的焊缝面积百分比稀释率δ预测公式,并给出可焊区的焊接热功率为12.69~47.88 kW/cm^(2),稀释率为48.28%~85.03%。

一种可拓展双输入高增益DC/DC变换器

针对光伏发电系统中光伏电池板集成汇流的需求,提出了一种可拓展双输入高增益DC/DC变换器。该变换器采用了一种新型拓扑结构,可在实现输入输出电压高增益变换的同时降低了开关器件的电压应力。此外,所提变换器还具有可拓展性,可以根据不同的光伏电池板数量和输出电压要求对端口进行扩展,从而降低系统的复杂性和成本。首先详细介绍了所提变换器的拓扑结构,并推导出变换器在不同工作模态下的运行原理。然后,对该变换器的增益特性、开关器件的电压和电流应力、关键器件的参数选择和损耗计算等方面进行了深入的理论分析。最后,搭建了一台输出功率为1 kW的实验样机,并进行了实验测试。实验结果验证了所提变换器理论分析的正确性和可行性。

一种具有超宽输入功率范围的三路整流电路

本文提出一种具有超宽输入功率范围的三路整流电路.通过在三条整流支路中采用不同阈值电压的二极管,使每条支路对不同输入功率进行高效整流,三条整流支路协同作用,使所提出的整流电路能够在超宽输入功率范围内保持高效率工作;设计并实现了一个工作在2.4 GHz的三支路整流电路,三条整流支路分别实现在-10~11、11~24和24~35 dBm的功率范围内,效率保持在30%以上.测试结果表明:在-6~25 dBm的输入功率范围内,电路的转换效率均可保持在40%以上,最高效率可以达到71.2%.所提出的整流电路对输入功率的灵敏度较低,能够在超宽输入功率范围内实现高效率能量转换,可用于能量收集或动态无线能量传输系统中.

家用空调器产品监督检验中常见不合格项目解析

制冷量、制冷消耗功率、全年能源消耗效率(APF)和制冷季节能源消耗效率(SEER)、接地措施、连续骚扰(端子电压)这五个项目是家用空气调节器产品在监督检验中常见的不合格项目,本文通过列举具体案例,从标准要求和实测数据等方面,重点分析了导致不合格产生的客观及主观原因,并给出了相应的整改方案,为企业提升认识、完善设计、加强质控、规范制造提供了有效的改进建议,助力企业生产出符合国家标准要求的合格产品。

基于DDPG的智能反射面辅助无线携能通信系统性能优化

针对智能反射面(IRS, intelligent reflecting surface)辅助的多输入单输出(MISO, multiple input singleoutput)无线携能通信(SWIPT, simultaneous wireless information and power transfer)系统,考虑基站最大发射功率、IRS反射相移矩阵的单位膜约束和能量接收器的最小能量约束,以最大化信息传输速率为目标,联合优化了基站处的波束成形向量和智能反射面的反射波束成形向量。为解决非凸优化问题,提出了一种基于深度强化学习的深度确定性策略梯度(DDPG, deep deterministic policy gradient)算法。仿真结果表明,DDPG算法的平均奖励与学习率有关,在选取合适的学习率的条件下,DDPG算法能获得与传统优化算法相近的平均互信息,但运行时间明显低于传统的非凸优化算法,即使增加天线数和反射单元数,DDPG算法依然可以在较短的时间内收敛。这说明DDPG算法能有效地提高计算效率,更适合实时性要求较高的通信业务。

Similarities of Some Wind Input and Dissipation Source Terms

Wind input parameterizations proposed by Jeffreys, Sverdrup and Munk, and Plant are analyzed. It is found by analogy that the similarity of integrals of the three wind input parameterizations exists. Wave breaking dissipation parameterizations proposed by Tsikunov, Hasselmann, and Phillips are also analyzed. Likewise it is found by analogy that the similarity of integrals of the three dissipation parameterizations exists. The similarities of wind input and dissipation are applied to the investigation of the fetch-limited growth of wind waves, together with the 3/2 power law presented by Toba. Some semi-empirical formulas concerning the growth of wave height and period with fetch are presented. The results from the formulas are in good agreement with previous field observations.

OPTIMAL POWER ALLOCATION WITH AF AND SDF STRATEGIES IN DUAL-HOP COOPERATIVE MIMO NETWORKS

Dual-hop cooperative Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) network with multi-relay cooperative communication is introduced. Power allocation problem with Amplify-and-Forward (AF) and Selective Decode-and-Forward (SDF) strategies in multi-node scenario are formulated and solved respectively. Optimal power allocation schemes that maximize system capacity with AF strategy are presented. In addition, optimal power allocation methods that minimize asymptotic Symbol Error Rate (SER) with SDF cooperative protocol in multi-node scenario are also proposed. Furthermore, performance comparisons are provided in terms of system capacity and approximate SER. Numerical and simulation results confirm our theoretical analysis. It is revealed that, maximum system capacity could be obtained when powers are allocated optimally with AF protocol, while minimization of system's SER could also be achieved with optimum power allocation in SDF strategy. In multi-node scenario, those optimal power allocation algorithms are superior to conventional equal power allocation schemes.

一种防空服务质量模型下的集中式多输入多输出雷达三维机动跟踪功率分配方法

针对防空作战中现有多功能雷达功率资源利用率低的问题,提出一种基于服务质量(Quanlity of Service,QoS)模型的三维机动跟踪功率分配方法以差异化标准提升多目标跟踪性能。将目标三维机动模型建立为自适应当前统计模型,通过将加速度协方差与估计误差协方差矩阵相关联以实现自适应调整。在此基础上,对三维跟踪下的贝叶斯克拉美罗下界进行推导,并将其作为跟踪误差衡量指标。通过构建关于目标威胁度与期望跟踪精度的函数关系,建立防空QoS模型下的闭环功率优化分配机制。证明所构建功率优化分配模型是凸优化问题,并进一步转化为半正定规划问题进行求解。仿真结果表明,相对于传统功率分配方法,所提方法能显著提高全局跟踪效能。

A Multi Input Multi Output Converter for Hybrid Energy Systems

Multi input and multi output converters are becoming popular because they are cost effective and compact. This paper proposes a multi input multi output converter for Grid-Solar power integration for uninterrupted power supply. The proposed converter uses four winding transformer with two primary windings and two secondary windings. The grid supply is connected to the first winding of transformer through rectifier-inverter for controlled power transfer. The solar energy is inverted and applied to the second winding of primary. Two output ports are considered. The circuit is designed to get zero current switching during turn-off and zero voltage switching during turn-on to alleviate the switching losses. The simulation results for the proposed configuration are presented in this paper.

基于等价输入干扰的分布式光伏电源出力控制策略

分布式电源能够改善配电网潮流分布,使得电力系统具有更高的能源利用率以及灵活性,然而分布式电源的不合理出力则难以充分发挥自身优势,并且死区效应、电网电压畸变及系统参数不确定性等不确定性扰动也会对电力系统的可靠性构成严重威胁。针对此问题,提出了基于改进的等价输入干扰方法(improvedequivalentinputdisturbance,IEID)的分布式电源出力控制方法。其中上层优化结构以配电网网损最小为目标,建立配电网优化降损模型并求解得到分布式电源出力值;下层控制结构基于所提IEID设计分布式电源控制策略,把模型耦合项、死区效应、网压畸变及系统参数不确定性等干扰对系统输出的影响等价到输入通道上,并对其进行估计和补偿,能够有效地抑制未知扰动并高精度跟踪上层输出的出力值,极大地改善并网电能质量。以某21节点真实居民配电网为算例,仿真结果表明所提方法具有较好的扰动抑制能力,能够自主平稳出力,降低配电网网损。

喉区极光过程中的能量输入估算

喉区极光是一种只发生在磁正午附近的特殊分立极光,具有明显的从分立极光卵赤道侧边界向低纬延伸的特征.已有研究表明,喉区极光对应于一种由磁重联导致的磁层顶局地凹陷.磁重联是太阳风能量注入到地球磁层空间的重要方式之一,但伴随喉区极光过程有多少能量传输进入电离层尚不明确.利用2015年12月的地基全天空极光观测与经过电离层上方的卫星粒子共轭观测,建立了极光强度与沉降电子能通量之间的相关关系.在此基础上,针对发生在2015年12月8日的一个典型喉区极光事件,在综合考虑持续时间与空间尺度基础上,估算出伴随该事件由电子携带的输入到电离层的总能量约为1.07×10^(11)J,单位面积输入能量的平均功率约为1.31×10^(-4)W·m^(-2),对比以往研究中MHD模拟给出的通常情况下极隙区能量输入结果,本文给出的喉区极光过程中能量输入的效率约为MHD模拟结果的两倍,表明伴随喉区极光过程的能量输入非常可观,可能引起局地空间天气效应.

DWDM中基于预啁啾抑制FWM的优化策略

为了满足波分复用系统中的超高速和长距离传输,需将影响频谱效率和系统性能的四波混频等非线性效应损害降至最低。针对四波混频产生机理,提出了一种抑制波分复用光网络中四波混频效应的方法。该方法分别在有无预啁啾的情况下确定了第一、第二和第三优化优先级参数(如有效面积、信道间距、入纤功率)的单个和组合效应对四波混频效应的影响,对系统误码率进行数值计算,分析系统性能。在16信道系统中,随着有效面积的增加、输入功率的减小和信道间距的增加,光纤中的四波混频效应得以降低,且在预啁啾情况下四波混频效应降至更低。在预啁啾为800 ps/nm时,三种参数优化组合使信道中的最小误码率为8.16×10^(-23),相比无参数优化和预啁啾的光纤通信系统,性能提升132.8 dB。最后,这项工作表明,所提出的基于预啁啾的参数优化策略是密集波分复用系统性能优化的理想方案。

中华文化“走出去”对企业海外收入的影响研究——基于国家文化出口基地的准自然实验

国家文化出口基地的设立既是中华文化“走出去”的一部分,也是建设社会主义文化强国的重要举措,评估其影响大小并挖掘影响机制具有现实意义。依托异质性企业理论,提出国家文化出口基地推动相关企业“走出去”的完整路径,并利用2012年至2022年国内文化类上市公司数据进行实证研究。结果表明:国家文化出口基地设立后,基地内文化企业的海外收入显著提高;国家文化出口基地对文化企业“走出去”的推动效应不仅在时间上有持续性,在空间上有溢出性,而且还在地区、产权和企业类型上存在异质性;税收减免优惠和人力资本投入发挥了影响机制的作用。研究为实现文化自信目标提供了一个新思路。