Progress in electrochemical lithium ion pumping for lithium recovery

Accelerating the development of lithium resources has attracted a great deal of attention with the explosive growth of new energy vehicles.As a new technology,electrochemical lithium ion pumping(ELIP)is featured by environment-friendly,low energy consumption and high efficiency.This review summarizes the research progress in ELIP,and focuses on the evaluation methods,electrode materials and electrochemical systems of ELIP.It can be concluded that ELIP is expected to achieve an industrial application and has a promising prospect.In addition,challenges and perspective of electrochemical lithium extraction are also highlighted.

Fluid and Osmotic Pressure Balance and Volume Stabilization in Cells Dedicated to Professor Karl Stark Pister for his 95th birthday

A fundamental problem for cells with their fragile membranes is the control of their volume.The primordial solution to this problem is the active transport of ions across the cell membrane to modulate the intracellular osmotic pressure.In this work,a theoretical model of the cellular pump-leak mechanism is proposed within the general framework of linear nonequilibrium thermodynamics.The model is expressed with phenomenological equations that describe passive and active ionic transport across cell membranes,supplemented by an equation for the membrane potential that accounts for the electrogenicity of the ionic pumps.For active ionic transport,the model predicts that the intracellular fluid pressure will be balanced by the osmotic pressure and a new pressure component that arises from the active ionic fluxes.A model for the pump-leak mechanism in an idealized human cell is introduced to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed theory.

Diagnostics of electron temperature and ions distribution in expanding Al plasmas pumped by a ns-pulsed 1.06μm laser

Resonance lines are extensively used to diagnose electronic temperature Te and ions distribution. However, the analysis of the x-ray spectroscopy emitted from plasmas produced by a ns laser Jsually needs the help of a code or some assumptions. In this paper, a diagnostic idea of using line-pairs emitted from a doubly-excited state is proposed. By using the method presented in this paper, Te and the fractional population ratio of bare nuclei and H-like ions are directly obtained from the emission intensity ratios.

Photothermal regulated ion transport in nanofluidics:From fundamental principles to practical applications

Light regulated ion transport across membranes is central to nature.Based on this,artificial nanofluidics with light driven ion transport behaviors has been developed for both fundamental study and practical applications.Here,we focus on recent progress in photothermal controlled ion transport systems and review the corresponding construction strategies in diverse photothermal nanofluidics with various dimensions and structures.We systematically emphasize the three underlying working principles including temperature gradient,water evaporation induced ion transport blockage,and evaporation gradient.On the basis of these fundamental research,photothermal regulated ion transport has been mainly introduced into ionic devices,desalination,and energy conversion.Furthermore,we provide some perspectives for the current challenges and future developments of this promising research field.We believe that this review could encourage further understanding and open the minds to develop new advances in this fertile research field.

Enhanced photo-driven ion pump through silver nanoparticles decorated graphene oxide membranes

Biology systems harvest solar energy to regulate ions and molecules precisely across cell membrane that is essential to maintain their life sustainability.Recently,artificial light-driven directional ion transport through graphene oxide membranes has been established,where the membrane converts light power into a transmembrane motive force.Herein,we report a silver nanoparticles decorated graphene oxide membranes for enhanced photo-driven ionic transport.Asymmetric light stimulated charge carrier dynamics,such as advanced light absorption efficiency,extended lifetime and efficient separation of photo-excited charge carriers,are account for the ion-driven force enhancement.Based on metal nanoparticles decoration,the concept of the guest-interactions of plasmon-enhanced photo-driven ion transport in two-dimentional layered membranes will stimulate broad researches in sensing,energy storage and conversion and water treatment.

Ion pump control system designed for HIRFL

Background Ion pump control system of HIRFL is designed based on the real-time distributed control software,EPICS.The hardware architecture,communication principle,database design and interlock design are introduced and elaborated in the paper.Methods PLC has been adopted to realize functions such as control monitoring and data communication.Interlock protect ion has been designed for ion pump control system to prevent damaging from high voltage.Results The test results show that the system has fast response function and high-speed data processing during the beam running and tuning.The response time of the system could reach 100 ms,the rate of data acquisition reaches to 10 time/s and the interlock protection time less than 40 ms.Conclusion The reliable and stable long-term operation of the vacuum system indicates that the performance has been constantly improved with the continuous optimization of the ion pump control system.

Light-Driven Ion Transport in Nanofluidic Devices:Photochemical,Photoelectric,and Photothermal Effects

Light-driven ion transport in nanofluidic devices is a phenomenon where ions move unidirectionally by consuming optical energy,either from low concentration to high concentration or vice versa.The light-driven unidirectional ion transport offers intriguing application potential in desalination and ion separation,osmosis energy harvesting,and ionic machines benefiting from the remote noncontact light stimulus.Here,we review recent progress in nanofluidic-based light-driven ion transport systems and emphasize similarities and differences in the three underlying working principles based on photochemical,photoelectric,and photothermal effects.The current challenges and future developments of light-driven ion transport in nanofluidic devices are discussed.We believed that this article encourages further innovation in this exciting and emerging research field.