Comparison on Esterase Isozymes and Peroxidase Isozymes of Black Worm Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus at Different Developmental Stages

[ Objective ] To respectively compare esterase isozymes and peroxidase isozymes among black worm Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus （ Tenebno molitor L. ） at different developmental stages and thus provide a theoretical basis for species identification and large-scale farming. [ Method] The esterase isozymes and peroxidase isozymes of black worm Tenebno molitor L. at different developmental stages were respectively analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. [ Result] Both esterase isozymes and peroxidase isozymes were different among black worm Tenebrio molitor L. at developmental stages, larvae in different instars or between the male adults and the female adults. [ Conclusion] The esterase isozymes, peroxidase isozymes and physiological characteristics of black worm Tenebrio molitor L. varies with developmental stages.

Effects of 1 — 4℃ low temperature treatment on seedling growth and POD isozymes in higher plants

The effects of iow temperature treatment on seedling growth and POD isozymeswere studied using hyacinth bean (Dolichos tablab L. )and Soybean[Glycine max(L. )Merr. ]culti-vars as experimental materials. Their seedtings were exposured to 1 - 4℃ low temperature for 4 days to inhibit growth. The changes of POD isozymes in roots and seedlings were observed after seedlings were exposured to 1 - 4℃ for 4-8 days. There was a significant linear relation between inhibition of seedling growth and change of POD isozymes in these two kinds of plants.

Molecular identification of sex in Hippophae rhamnoides L. using isozyme and RAPD markers

In many dioecious plants, gender affects economic value, breeding schemes and opportunities for commercial harvests. Hippophae rhamnoides L. is a dioecious plant species in which female genotypes are commercially preferred over male genotypes. Its berries have rich medicinal, nutritional and pharmaceutical properties because of their large amounts of vitamins, essential oils, proteins, fatty acids, free amino acids and flavanoids. Primary limitation for breeding H. rhamnoides L. is its dioecious nature, since gender cannot be identified by traditional methods. Therefore, some reliable and quick methods need to be developed. This commu- nication deals with the development of isozyme and RAPD markers for early sex identification in this dioecious tree. The isozyme analysis was conducted with four enzyme systems, viz. peroxidase, esterase, malate dehydrogenase and catalase. The peroxidase enzyme system produced a female specific sex marker, which successfully differentiated between the staminate and pistillate geno- types ofH. rhamnoides L. Thirty five random decamer primers were used in our study and one male sex linked marker was identified. OPD-20 （5＇-ACTTCGCCAC-3＇） displayed a band at 911 bp that expressed polymorphism between male and female genotypes. The staminate and pistillate genotypes could be distinguished using RAPD marker OPD-209n. These results revealed the immense poten- tial of peroxidase isozyme patterns and RAPD as genetic markers for sex identification in H. rhamnoides L.

Effect of Coconut Milk and Rare Earth on Proliferation, Rootage and Isozymes of Dendrobium in Tissue Culture

In tissue culture, effects of coconut milk, rare earth and medium on proliferation, rootage and isozymes of Dendrobium were studied. The result indicated that coconut milk and RE could promote proliferation and rootage, with their combined treatment the most effective. In proliferation culture, coconut milk enhanced peroxidase (POD) and esterase(EST) activity and types, RE decreased POD, but increased EST activity and types and combined treatment did not show the same influence on POD and EST too. In rootage culture, adding coconut milk decreased POD activity, but improved EST activity in 1/2MS medium and declined EST activity, expression type in WPM medium. when using RE, POD and EST activity both reduced, types of the former decreased, types of the latter changed slightly with the basic medium. And combined treatment would decreased POD activity and types.

Isozyme changes during larval development of Penaeus chinensis

ＩｓｏｚｙｍｅｃｈａｎｇｅｓｄｕｒｉｎｇｅａｒｌｙｄｅｖｅｌｏｎｔｏｆＰｅｎａｅｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓａｒｅｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄｆｏｒｓｉｘｅｎｚｙｍｅｓ（ＥＳＴ，ＡＭＹＭＤＨ，ＧＤＨ，ＧｄａｎｄＬＤＨ）ｂｙｍｅａｎｓｏｆｐｏｌｙａｃｒｙｌａｍｉｄｅｇｅｌｖｅｒｔｉｃａｌｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｐｈｏｒｅｓｉｓ．ＴｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｓｈｏｗｔｈａｔｔｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｉｓｏｚｙｍｅｓｖａｒｉｅｓｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒａｂｌｙａｎｄｔｈｅｅｎｚｙｍｅａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙａｌｓｏｒｉｓｅｓｇｒａｄｕａｌｌｙｗｉｔｈｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔＴｈｅｂａｎｄｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆＥＳＴｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｓｆｒｏｍ１ｉｎｎａｕｐｌｉｕｓｓｔａｇｅｔｏ６ｉｎｐｏｓｔｌａｒｖａｌｓｔａｇｅＴｈｅｒｅａｒｅｔｈｒｅｅｔｙｐｅｓｏｆＡＭＹ，ａ－ＡＭＹ，Ｒ－ＡＭＹ，ａｎｄＱ－ＡＭＹ．ＴｈｅｐｈｅｎｏｔｙｐｅｏｆＬｄｈｃｈａｎｇｅｓｓｌｉｇｈｔｌｙ，ｓｈｏｗｉｇｎｔｈｅｓａｍｅｐａｔｔｅｒｎｅｓｃｅｐｔｎａｕｐｌｉｕｓｉｎａｌｌｔｈｅｓｔａｇｓ．Ｔｈｅｒｅｍａｉｎｉｎｇｔｈｒｅｅｅｎｚｙｍｅｓ（ＭＤＨ，ＧｄａｎｄＧＤＨ）ｈａｖｅｍｏｒｅｂａｎｄｓａｎｄｔｈｅｉ

The differenee in protein content,MDH,POD and COD isozymes during root different developmental stages in lowland rice and upland rice

The difference in protein content, MDH,POD and COD isozymes have been seenbetween lowland rice roots and upland rice roots during root growth and development. High pro-tein content has been examined in upland rice roots,but isozyme bands in lowland rice roots aremore than that in upland rice roots.Total area of POD isozyme bands at seedling and tilleringstages of upland rice is larger than that of lowland rice.The POD isozymes zymogram in the rootof upland rice is more stable compared with that of lowland rice.More COD isozyme numbershave been showed in roots of upland rice,but the relative activity of COD isozyme in roots of up-land rice at the seedling and tillering stages is lower than that of lowland rice.COD7 band can beshown in upland rice root at flowering stage,but it is absent in lowland rice.Therefore,COD7,band can be taken as an index for resistance of the upland rice to drought environment.

ONTOGENIC STUDY OF ISOZYMES IN GIANT TIGER PRAWN,PENAEUS MONODON (CRUSTACEA:DECAPODA)

The patterns of isozyme variation throughout the life cycle of the giant tiger prawn, Penaeusmonodon were described for ten enzyme systems (G3PD, MDH, LGG, GPI, MPI, FBP, PGM, LDH,PGD, and PROT). The zymograms showh little variation in the number of isozymic loci expressed duringlarval development compared with results reported for other penaeid prawns. There were specific ontogenicpatterns at some loci. As larvae developed beyond the embryonic stage, there was tendency for intensityof staining and complexity of banding patterns to increase.

Study on Isozyme Electrophoresis of Martes zibellina L.

Four isozymes, such as Malate dehydrogenase (MDH), Alchol dehydrogenase (ADH), Peroxidae (POD) and Esterase (EST) in six tissues (heart, liver, kidney, muscle, eye, gonad) ofMartes zibellina L., were analyzed by means of vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The results indicated that the zymograms of these four isozymes in different tissues were different from each other, i.e. there existed apparent tissue-specificitity in these isozymes inMartes zibellina L.. Characteristic enzyme band was found both in POD zymogram and in EST zymogram. Moreover, the characteristic enzyme band in POD isozyme would be of some value to sexual identification ofMartes zibellina L.

COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT STAINING METHODS FOR ANALYSING ESTERASE (EST) ISOZYME OF FUNGI AND PLANTS

EST isozymes are one of the frequently used biochemical markers in genetic analysis of fungi. and the staining is an important process in electrophoresis analysis of studying Est.The effects were compared ainong different stain recipes for Est of 3 kinds of fungi-Lentinus edodes. Pleurotus sapidus. Phellinus igriarius and 2 kinds of plants-Populus sp and Brassica chinensis. Of the four kinds of Est staining recipes tested.the recipe α-acetic acid-naphther showed the best effect.and followed by β-aceticacid-naphther, semicontent α-aceticacid-naphther and α+β-aceticacidnathpher.

The inhibitory effect of lead on the seedling growth and the induced formation of oxidase isozymes in higher plant

The inhibitory effect of lead on the seed germination and seedling growth was obvi-ously seen in barley,sorghum and wheat.Their differential reactions on the lead solution werefound under the lead stress during the seed germination and seedling growth stages.Wheat ismore sensitive to lead than the other three plants.This can be used to select new crops which canresist lead damage.The changes of the peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase isozymes have beenfound in individual plants which was injured by a lead solution at the seedling and root develop-ment stages.The authors suggest that these isozymes,which have been changed in patterns andnumbers,may be adaptive isozymes.Adaptive isozymes are produced in plant tissue when plantsare in harmful environmental conditions.The change in environmental conditions influences theexpression of the gene which encode peroxidase,polyphenol oxidase isozymes,and promote forma-tion of the adaptive isozymes.

Study on the isozymes in two species of prawns

This paper studies the activity and absolute content of six kinds of isozymes, such as lactate dehydrogenase,malate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, alcoholdehydrogenase in Penaeus chinensis and P. japonicus. And by comparing, this study approaches the mechanism of high-er bought-endurance in P. japonicus.

Electrophoretic Analysis of Isozymes and Proteins in F_1 Hybrids of Ctenopharyngodon idellus ♀ × Elopichthys bambusa ♂

[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the biochemical and genetic characteristics of F1 hybrids of Ctenopharyngodon idellus ♀× Elopichthys bambusa ♂ - [ Method ] By using vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technology, three isozymes （LDH, EST, MDH） in nine tissues （heart, brain, eyes, liver, kidney, spleen, fin, muscle, plasma） of F1 hybrids of C. ideUus and parents were compared. [Result] Three isozymes in F1 hybrids of ♀× E. bambusa ♀ were analyzed; differences in isozyme and proteins between F1 hybrids idellus ♀× E. bambusa ♀ exhibited varying degrees of tissue-specificity; isozymes and proteins in F, hybrids were signiticandy different from the parents. [ Conclusion] These nine differences could be used as indicators to identify F1 hybrids and parents.

Changes in the organization of isozyme loci Me1 and Adh1 in-duced with triton X-100 in common wheat lines

The study of PCR-profiles of isozyme loci Me1 and Adh1 in common wheat lines obtained by means of treatment of initial cultivar Alem with detergent Tri-ton X-100 was carried out by the modified ISSR-amplification method. It was demonstrated that exposure to Triton X-100 causes changes of PCR-profiles of enzyme loci. The obtained data are suggestive of the role of chromatin and nuclear mem-brane interaction in structural-functional genome organization.

Study on The Isozyme of Wild Yak

We have adopted PAGE method to isolate lactic dehydrogenase(LDH)and α-amylase(α-Am)from wild yak's serum and measure the physical-chemical properties of the two components respectively. The results showed that the yak LDH isozyme distributed into five bands. The sequence according to their activity reads as LDH1 ＞ LDH2＞ LDH3 ＞ LDH4 ＞ LDH5. The subunit B is relatively occupied a dominant position. It got a wide operating pH range, high thermal stability,well denature resistance and a fairly large adaptability threshold on the physical-chemical change of surrounding environment. α-Am isozyme distributed into seven bands and also got a wide operating pH range. α-Am isozyme is high sensitivity to environmental temperature.

The effect of different staining agents on the staining intensity of esterase isozyme zymogram of rice

Almost all previous reports on plant esterase(EST)isoenzyme analysis appeared to have ac-cepted that the relative staining strength(RSS)ofelectrophoretical bands represented the relative ac-tivities and contents of the correspondingisoenzymes.Nevertheless,we found in studyingthat the RSS changed with different staining

Isozyme analysis on progenes of somatic hybrids of Oryza sativa L.and O.officinalis

Some wild species of Oryza possess agronomi-cally useful traits such as disease/insect resis-tance and salt tolerance.However,the use ofwild Oryza species for rice improvement hasbeen hampered by the sexual incompatibility orsterility of hybrids obtained by conventionalmethods.We have used protoplast fusion as amethod to incorporate useful trait of wild O-ryza species into cultivated rice and~ obtainedsomatic hybrid plants between O.sativa and

Analysis on Isozyme and Diterpene Lactones Variability during Ontogenesis of Andrographis paniculata

Objective To understand the relationship between isozyme activities and diterpene lactone biosynthesis of Andrographispaniculata. Methods Plants were collected during ontogeny from seeding to seed maturity, and separated into leaves and stems for determination. Morphological and yield parameters were used to describe plant growing states. Isozyme changes were tested by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. HPLC was used to develop the fingerprints as well as to determine the diterpene lactone content. Results Significant increases were observed in the activities of isozymes, such as aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, malate dehydrogenase （MDH）, peroxidase （POD）, and catalase （CAT）, around the early stage of bud in leaves, and the activities of these four kinds of isozymes increased gradually as time progressed in stems. The content changes of diterpene lactones in leaves and stem were various. In the leaves, andrographolide （1） was recorded the highest [（23.63 ± 1.06） mg/g] at the early stage of bud, whereas deoxyandrographolide （2） was the lowest [（6.78 ± 0.27） mg/g] at this period and it reached the highest level at the seeding stage [（26.05 ± 1.04） mg/g]. Dehydroandrographolide （3） and neoandrographolide （4） fluctuated during growing stages. Meanwhile, the HPLC fingerprint showed that the content changes of two unknown compounds were related to that of dehydroandrographolide in leaves. In stems, andrographolide had increased gradually until the bud stage [（8.26 ± 0.33） mg/g], and other three diterpene lactones showed a trend of fluctuation. The yield of total diterpene lactones in aerial part reached the highest at the first flowering stage （806.71 mg/plant）. Conclusion These results lay the foundation for the future research on the relationship of isozymes and diterpene lactones, and for determining the most favorable time for harvesting A. paniculata.

Effect of copper on the development, protein and esterase isozymes of Drosophila melanogaster

Copper is an important ingredient in fungicides,which are used for many economic plants.However,there is concern about the side-effects of copper-based fungicides due to their potential to affect beneficial mites.The purpose of the present paper was to investigate the effects of copper on the development of the fruit fly,Drosophila melanogaster.It was found that higher doses of copper significantly prolonged the developmental time of the fruit flies,especially during the larval stages.When 320 mg L-1 copper-contaminated food was used,most of the larvae died when they were small and before the pupal stage.The protein contents and esterase isozymes extracted from the larvae changed according to the doses of copper.The small-molecular-weight protein bands gradually became weaker or were lost as the copper levels increased.However,low doses of copper stimulated a stronger expression of a few proteins.These results indicate that low doses of copper generally have no lethal effects on D.melanogaster because a specific group of genes,which encode specific proteins,are probably activated in order to withstand the onslaught of stressful conditions.At high doses of copper in food(e.g.320 mg L-1),fly development and viability are significantly affected.

Hg^(2+)胁迫对小麦幼苗POD、CAT和SOD同工酶的影响(英文)

[Objective] This work was aimed to explore the mechanism of Hg2+ toxicity on plants.[Method]Activities of peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were investigated in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)seedlings under Hg2+ stress at different concentrations.[Result]① There were no obvious effects on the growth of seedlings when the concentration of Hg2+ was lower than 0.10 mmol/L.However,toxic effects on the growth of seedling were observed when the concentration of Hg2+ was higher than 0.10 mmol/L.② Different tissues showed different resistant ability in response to Hg2+ stress.The leaves and roots of wheat seedlings were more insensitive to Hg2+ toxicity.③ CAT was more sensitive to Hg2+ stress compared to POD and SOD.[Conclusion]The toxic effect was related to the concentration of Hg2+(0.10 mmol/L).The higher concentration of Hg2+ could affect the expression of POD,CAT,and SOD isozymes in the leaves,roots of wheat seedlings and germinated seeds,which further affect the normal metabolism of membrane lipid and inhibit the growth of wheat seedlings at last.

低叶绿素b水稻突变体的抗氧化酶系统研究(英文)

[Objective] The mitigative effect of antioxidase system of a rice mutant with low chlorophyll b on photooxidative damage was studied.[Method] A rice mutant with low chlorophyll b and its wild type were taken as experimental materials to comparatively research their peroxide (H2O2) contents, the activity and isozymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in chloroplast.[Result] Compared with the wild type, there were many kinds of SOD, POD and CAT isozymes in leaf cells and chloroplast cell of mutant, and the activity of SOD, POD and CAT isozymes in leaf cells and chloroplast cell of mutant was also correspondingly higher. Under intense light condition, the H2O2 content of chloroplast in mutant was less than that in the wild type. [Conclusion] The higher activity of scavenging active oxygen can relieve the photooxidative damage made by excessive light energy of intense light on photosynthetic membrane, which is an important reason for higher photosystem Ⅱ (PS II) stability of this mutant.