Optimization of the Gas Generator in Composite Power System with Tip-Jet Rotor

The key and bottleneck of research on the tip-jet rotor compound helicopter lies in the power system. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to numerically simulate the gas generator and rotor inner passage of the tip-jet rotor composite power system, studying the effects of intake mode, inner cavity structure, propellant components, and injection amount on the characteristics of the composite power system. The results show that when a single high-temperature exhaust gas enters, the gas generator outlet fluid is uneven and asymmetric;when two-way high-temperature exhaust gas enters, the outlet temperature of the gas generator with a tilted inlet is more uniform than that with a vertical inlet;adding an inner cavity improves the temperature and velocity distribution of the gas generator's internal flow field;increasing the energy of the propellant is beneficial for improving the available moment.

Two-dimensional numerical study of an atmospheric pressure helium plasma jet with dual-power electrode

In this paper, the characteristics of an atmospheric pressure helium plasma jet generated by a dual-power electrode （DPE） configuration are investigated by using a two-dimensional fluid model. The effect of a needle electrode on the discharge is studied by comparing the results of the DPE configuration with those of the single ring electrode configuration. It is found that the existence of the needle leads to the generation of a helium plasma jet with a higher propagation velocity, higher species density, and larger discharge width. Furthermore, the influences of the needle radius and needle-to-ring discharge gap on the generation of a plasma jet are also studied. The simulation results indicate that the needle electrode has an evident influence on the plasma jet characteristics.

OES study of the gas phase during diamond films deposition in high power DC arc plasma jet CVD system

This paper used optical emission spectroscopy （OES） to study the gas phase in high power DC arc plasma jet chemical vapour deposition （CVD） during diamond films growth processes. The results show that all the deposition parameters （methane concentration, substrate temperature, gas flow rate and ratio of H2/Ar） could strongly influence the gas phase. C2 is found to be the most sensitive radical to deposition parameters among the radicals in gas phase. Spatially resolved OES implies that a relative high concentration of atomic H exists near the substrate surface, which is beneficial for diamond film growth. The relatively high concentrations of C2 and CH are correlated with high deposition rate of diamond. In our high deposition rate system, C2 is presumed to be the main growth radical, and CH is also believed to contribute the diamond deposition.

Diagnosis of gas phase near the substrate surface in diamond film deposition by high-power DC arc plasma jet CVD

Optical emission spectroscopy （OES） was used to study the gas phase composition near the substrate surface during diamond deposition by high-power DC arc plasma jet chemical vapor deposition （CVD）. C2 radical was determined as the main carbon radical in this plasma atmosphere. The deposition parameters, such as substrate temperature, anode-substrate distance, methane concentration, and gas flow rate, were inspected to find out the influence on the gas phase. A strong dependence of the concentrations and distribution of radicals on substrate temperature was confirmed by the design of experiments （DOE）. An explanation for this dependence could be that radicals near the substrate surface may have additional ionization or dissociation and also have recombination, or are consumed on the substrate surface where chemical reactions occur.

An experimental and numerical approach-characterisation of power cartridge for water-jet application

Power Cartridges are pyrotechnic devices where hot combustion gases utilized to do mechanical work for disruption of suspected Improvised Explosive Devices(IEDs). It plays a vital role either in destroying the suspicious object or making them non-functional by generating the gas pressure on burning of propellant against the water column inside the barrel, Present work is focused on characterisation,numerical solution such as deformation; strain; stress using FEM(Finite Element Method), design qualification, performance and evaluation of power cartridge for disruptor application. Experimental trials for pressure-time(P-t) measurement in closed vessel(CV), various electrical parameters like all fire current(AFC), no fire current(NFC) and ignition delay have been measured. Further, mechanical properties for brass material have been determined. An attempt has been made to characterise the power cartridge by FEM and carrying out the experiments for water-jet application.

应用Body-jet水动力吸脂系统行自体脂肪颗粒隆乳术的体会

目的:探讨自体脂肪颗粒移植隆乳术较理想的方法及其临床效果。方法:应用Body-jet水动力吸脂系统抽吸腹部、臀部、大腿部的脂肪,同时纯化过滤脂肪,并将其均匀注射于乳房各层组织中。自2010年08月至2011年12月,我们应用Body-jet水动力吸脂系统为10例患者行自体脂肪抽吸的同时行注射隆乳术,每侧乳房一次注射剂量为100-270ml。结果:对10例患者首次手术后6个月进行复查,乳头水平围较首次手术即刻均有不同程度缩小。再次手术间隔6-12个月。术后乳房较丰满、圆润,形态自然,手感柔软。术后效果较满意。结论:自体脂肪颗粒是比较理想的软组织填充材料。应用Body-jet水动力吸脂系统行脂肪抽吸的同时利用抽吸的脂肪颗粒注射隆乳,可减少并发症的发生,提高手术效果,是目前较理想的自体脂肪颗粒移植隆乳的方法。

Influence of high-voltage pulse parameters on the propagation of a plasma synthetic jet

In this work, a typical pin-to-pin plasma synthetic jet in static air is excited by a pulsed DC power supply. The influences of the pulse rising time, the amplitude and the repetition frequency of the pulse voltage on the jet flow have been investigated. First, using a high-speed Schlieren imaging technique, the induced shock waves and the fast jet flow generated by the plasma synthetic jet are characterized. With a deposited energy of 44 m J per pulse, the velocity of the shock wave and the maximum velocity of the jet flow reach 320 m s-1 and 100 m s-1,respectively. Second, when the applied voltage increases from 12.8 kV to 16 kV, the maximum jet velocity increases from 66 m s-1 to 93 m s-1. On the other hand, as the pulse rising time varies from 50 ns to 500 ns, or the pulse repetition frequency increases from 5 Hz to 40 Hz, the jet velocity induced by the plasma synthetic jet is weakly dependent. In addition, a comparative study of the plasma synthetic jets using three commercial pulsed power supplies(XJ-15, NPG-18, and PG-30) is implemented. It reveals that the maximum jet velocity of 120 m s-1 is obtained in the case of PG-30, with the longest pulse rising time and the lowest breakdown voltage, while the maximum velocity of 33 m s-1 is detected in the case of NPG-18, even though it has the shortest pulse rising time and the highest breakdown voltage.

Mechanisms for non-ideal flow in low-power arc-heated supersonic nozzles

The flow in a low-powered arc gas heater com- bined with a supersonic nozzle of throat diameter less than 1 mm is quite complicated and difficult to describe in quan- titative detail. Experiments on arc-heated supersonic jet thrusters of monatomic gases argon and helium have been carried out and their performance measured. The flow charac- teristics are analyzed with the help of numerical simulation. Results show that the viscous effect is the most important factor causing the large difference between ideal and real performance. A large outer section of the exit flow is slow- moving. This is especially pronounced in helium, where 70 % of the exit area of the nozzle might be in subsonic flow. Fric- tion forces can be much larger than the net thrust, reaching several times higher in helium, resulting in very low efficien- cies. Other factors causing the differences between ideal and real flow include： complex flow in the throat region, electric arc extending to the nozzle expansion section, heat transfer to the inlet gas and from the hot plasma, and environmen- tal pressure in the vacuum chamber. It is recognized that the ordinary concepts of supersonic nozzle flow must be greatly modified when dealing with such complicated situations. The general concepts presented in this paper could be helpful in guiding the design and operation of this equipment.

CFD analysis of performance improvement of the Savonius water turbine by using an impinging jet duct design

The majority of research on water turbines focuses on design improvement of large-scale hydrokinetic turbines for power generation, which may have delayed the utilization of kinetic energy contained in rivers and canals. The aim of this paper is to improve the efficiency of a two bladed Savonius type cross-flow hydrokinetic turbine, which can be used as an energy converter to harness free-stream kinetic energy of water. An impinging jet duct design is presented for improving performance of the Savonius turbine in wind application as seen from literature. The performance of the modified turbine is evaluated using CFD software Fluent, and is compared with that of a simple two bladed Savonius water turbine and some of the prominent literature designs of the Savonius turbine. It is shown that the present design exhibits improved performance compared to the selected designs of the Savonius turbine.Further an insight of the improved performance of the modified turbine is also obtained from flow physics study.

基于JET项目的文化外交软实力提升路径与对策

JET项目是日本政府的一项国际交流事业,亦即日本政府聘用外国青年从事外语指导等工作的项目。该项目1992在中国年开始实施,对于中国提升文化软实力具有一定借鉴意义。目前JET项目国际化程度越来越高,给我国的文化外交提供了一个亚洲样本。我国迫切需要建立民间国际交流品牌项目,以国际友好城市为依托加强国际人文交流;设立文化外交的民间统筹机构,从"一带一路"沿线国家招聘外语教学指导助手并加强和原在华工作外国人的联系与交流,破解"一带一路"倡议推行中遇到的文化"软阻力",向世界展现中国发展的全球责任与博大胸襟。

High power lasers and ecology of atmosphere (I)

There are many appearances in the literature of reliable observations of studying so-called “jets” and “sprites” - the discharges in the gigantic natural capacitor “Ionosphere-Earth” [1]. The volume of such a discharge is approximately 5-10 thousand cubic kilometers and usually it appears above the surface of ocean. There are the cases also of above mentioned discharges on the ground. The value of the energy transferred to the earth can comprise to several terajoule. Events are accompanied by the emission of the waves of ultra-low frequency. Their study has the significant interest from many points of view. The essence of the observed irregular phenomena consists of the electromechanical conversion of the energy excesses of natural electricity into mechanical and thermal energy of cyclones, typhoons and other natural cataclysms. The ionosphere can retain only the specific quantity of energy. Otherwise, it discards the surpluses of electricity through the atmosphere or transforms them into the energy of storms, in that number and inside the Earth. By using the part of the natural electricity for useful purposes it is possible to govern the weather of planet. Causing the artificial breakdowns of the ionosphere it could be possible to arrange the discharge of the controlled aqueous sediments at the necessary points of the globe. It could be possible as well to attempt to regulate the climate of planet and to decrease the amplitudes of the magnetic storms, earthquakes and hurricanes.

Cold Plasma Jet Construction to Use in Medical, Biology and Polymer Applications

Cold atmospheric pressure plasma jets were capable of generating cold plasma plumes that were not confined by electrodes, which make them very enticing for biological, medical and polymer applications. During this work, experimental study of a low frequency, atmospheric plasma-jet discharge in nitrogen has been presented. The experimental operation of this device was conducted with commercially neon power supply. The discharge process operated by using nitrogen as input gas with different flow rates. The experimental results showed that the maximum plasma jet length of 7 mm was detected at 3 Kv input voltage corresponding to 14 l/min as a nitrogen flow rate. The effect of distance from nozzle, nitrogen flow rate and input voltage on the plasma temperature was examined. The gas temperature decreased continuously as the flow rate of nitrogen increasing from 2 l/min to 14 l/min at 3 Kv as a fixed input voltage.

Experimental Investigation on Space-dispersed Double-wall Jet Combustion System for DI Diesel Engine

A space-dispersed double-wall jet combustion system was developed by adopting the wall-guiding spray method and the stratification theory.The experimental test was carried out to optimize the structural parameters of the diesel-engine combustion system,including chamber structure,swirl ratio of cylinder head,included angle of jet orifice,number and diameter of jet orifice,fuel injection pressure and timing.The effect of double-wall jet combustion system on combustion and engine performance was tested to obtain the best performance indexes,and the double-wall jet combustion system was compared to the prototype.The results show that NOx is reduced from 712 PPm to 487 PPm at 2 100 r/min,and from 593 PPm to 369 PPm at 3 000 r/min,which are reduced by 31.6% and 37.7%,respectively.The smoke intensity was reduced form 3.67 BSU to 2.1 BSU,and the oil consumption was reduced from 240.5 g/(kW·h) to 225.4 g/(kW·h),which was decreased by 6.3% at low speed.The pressure in the cylinder was obviously reduced from 115 bar to 108 bar,which was reduced by 6%.

近自由液面聚能战斗部水下爆炸威力场

聚能战斗部反舰武器因其高效毁伤能力而受到重视,然而现阶段对其在近自由液面的威力场研究较少。为此,结合聚能战斗部对水下靶板毁伤试验结果,建立与之相对应的数值仿真模型,利用任意拉格朗日欧拉(arbitrary Lagrange-Euler,ALE)算法模拟了金属射流形成和毁伤靶板全过程。同时,在验证模型算法有效性的基础上,通过系列工况设置,研究了小锥角聚能战斗部在近自由液面爆炸冲击波和射流特点。研究结果表明,近自由面聚能战斗部水下爆炸压力具有不对称性;自由液面对金属射流无明显影响,但受自由液面处反射的稀疏波影响,近自由液面冲击波压力下降,出现空化区域。

抽水蓄能电站主机房底板精确控界切割技术研究

抽水蓄能电站主机房底板爆破开挖时,对其平整度及保留岩体完好度要求很高,传统爆破方法会带来底板开挖边界控制精度差、装药量大、保留岩石损伤严重及环境危害大等问题。为克服上述缺点,提出沿主机房底板水平钻凿炮孔并侧向预切槽,沿切槽多点双向设置聚能装药进行岩石控界爆破的方法。首先采用数值模拟正交分析方法对工业炸药装填的聚能装药参数进行了优化,然后根据优化结果制作了聚能切割装置并在实地进行了试验。试验结果表明,当炮孔中双向聚能射流控界切割装置的平均线装药密度为150 g/m、孔距0.5 m时,爆破后就可以在炮孔间岩体产生精确的贯穿性裂纹。相较于传统爆破方法,该控界切割爆破方法在保证切割面精确的同时,大幅度地减少了装药量,降低了保留岩体的损伤程度和对周围环境的影响。

脉冲射流下气力输送系统特性的数值模拟研究

使用计算流体动力学和离散单元(CFD-DEM)耦合方法,对原管道和加装射流发生器的管道进行数值模拟,通过改变空气速度、射流位置、射流速度以及射流频率,研究颗粒的运动状态。结果表明:在使用脉冲射流的时,颗粒在管道出口的动能显著增加,颗粒由原管道的底部拖曳运动转变为颗粒群悬浮运动,运输系统的能量转换率也显著提高。对管道中不同位置颗粒的波动速度进行频谱分析和连续小波变换分析,结果表明:射流可以有效调节颗粒在管道内运动的周期性,并且减缓管道内颗粒的纵向发展速度,将更多的能量转换为输送系统所需的颗粒轴向速度,进而减小气力输送系统的能耗。

混合流动控制对风机叶片气动特性的影响

针对风力机叶片失速会降低风力机输出功率的问题,文章首先基于Fluent软件建立了NREL Phase Ⅵ风力机气动特性分析模型,计算风速为13 m/s时风力机叶片截面压力系数及功率特性,并与风洞实验数据进行对比,验证风力机气动特性分析模型的准确性;然后,将主动射流和涡流发生器(VGs)耦合到风力机叶片上,发现随射流孔宽度和涡流发生器高度的增加,风力机功率均呈先增后减趋势;最后,建立混合流动控制的风力机气动分析模型,研究射流与VGs弦向间距及后缘VGs高度对风力机气动特性的影响。研究表明:当间距为0.3C(C为翼型弦长)时,风力机输出功率达到最高,相比于射流单一控制,增幅为6.61%;当后缘VGs高度为15 mm时,混合式流动控制的效果最佳,风机功率最高。

兆声功率密度对同轴兆声辅助喷射电沉积镍的影响

[目的]金属微器件在电沉积过程中往往会产生较大的残余应力,对微器件的尺寸精度、力学性能和良率产生不利影响。[方法]为降低镀层的残余应力,在喷射电沉积镍过程中施加同轴兆声辅助。研究了兆声功率密度对Ni镀层形貌、表面粗糙度、显微硬度和残余应力的影响。[结果]施加同轴兆声辅助后,所得Ni镀层的宏观和微观形貌都有所变差,表面粗糙度略微增大,显微硬度变化不大,但残余应力显著降低。当兆声功率密度为10 W/cm2时,Ni镀层的残余应力最低,比无兆声辅助时所得Ni镀层低了37.75%。[结论]在电沉积过程中施加兆声辅助能够有效降低镀层的残余应力。

降低射水抽气器水温的实践

射水箱水温决定着射水抽气器的抽吸能力,也影响着凝汽器真空度所能达到的经济值,从而影响汽轮机的出力。而射水箱水温在一些小型自备电厂很容易被忽视,导致凝汽器真空度降低,汽机效率差。通过分析并改造射水抽气及相关系统,降低了机组的射水箱水温,提高了机组的真空度和效率。

风力机翼型后缘射流及功率载荷影响分析

通过数值计算方法,对风力机翼型DU91-W2-250建立有限元模型,采用适合翼型仿真的SST k-ω湍流模型,研究原始翼型与添加后缘射流口翼型,得到不同攻角、不同射流速度下的升力系数、阻力系数并分析了其流场,最后通过动量-叶素理论计算射流翼型对功率和载荷的影响。结果表明:在0°~8°攻角范围内,升力系数和阻力系数上升呈现线性,升阻比保持不变,大于8°攻角阻力系数上升明显,射流不能改善翼型气动特性。添加射流翼型在8°攻角范围内可以增加翼型单位功率,但增加了叶片的载荷。