Prevalence,serotyping and drug susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli isolates from kidney transplanted patients with urinary tract infections

BACKGROUND Extended-spectrumβ-lactamase(ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli(E.coli)are among the main pathogens in urinary tract infections(UTIs)among kidney transplant patients(KTPs).AIM To estimate the prevalence of ESBL-producing E.coli in KTPs and to evaluate the most prevalent serotypes and antibacterial susceptibility patterns of isolated bacteria in Tehran,Iran.METHODS A total of 60 clinical isolates of uropathogenic E.coli were collected from 3 kidney transplant centers from April to May 2019.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disk diffusion method as recommended by the Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute.The serotyping of E.coli isolates was performed by the slide agglutination method.The presence of blaTEM,blaSHV,and bla CTX-M genes was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS The frequency of ESBL-producing E.coli in KTPs was found to be 33.4%.All of the 60 E.coli isolates were found to be susceptible to doripenem(100%)and ertapenem(100%).High resistance rates to ampicillin(86%),cefotaxime(80%),and cefazolin(77%)were also documented.The most frequent serotypes were serotype I(50%),serotype II(15%),serotype III(25%),and serotype VI(10%).The gene most frequently found was blaTEM(55%),followed by blaCTX-M(51%)and blaSHV(41%).CONCLUSION Molecular analysis showed that blaTEM was the most common ESBL-encoding gene.The high resistance toβ-lactams antibiotics(i.e.,ampicillin,cefotaxime,and cefazolin)found in E.coli from KTPs with UTIs remains a serious clinical challenge.Further efforts to control ESBL-producing E.coli should include the careful use of all antibiotics as well as barrier precautions to reduce spread.

Kidney Function in Frequent Users of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used for managing painful conditions. They are available as cheap, over-the-counter drugs, and commonly abused. NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandins (PGs) actions on the kidneys and can cause kidney disease and hypertension, especially when used in excess doses, for prolonged period or in stressed states. Methods: The descriptive study was carried at the Orthopaedic and Family Medicine units of the Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta. Two hundred respondents participated in the study. One hundred frequent users of NSAIDs (with daily use for ≥ 4 weeks) and age and sex-matched controls with no known risk for kidney disease and had consented were consecutively recruited. Data were entered from history, examination and investigations (urinalysis, serum electrolyte, kidney scan and biopsy). Cases with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 2) and dip strip proteinuria ≥ 1+ had kidney biopsy. Statistical analysis was with SPSS 21 software. Student t-test and Chi-square tests were used to compare means and proportions respectively. Pearson’s correlation test was used to determine the strength of association between independent risk factors and kidney dysfunction (KD). Results: Two hundred respondents participated in the study. Fifty one (51) females and Forty nine (49) males were recruited as cases and controls respectively. Thirteen (13) females had KD compared to 9 males, (P = 0.02). The mean age of cases with KD (63.04 yrs ± 4.21) was statistically higher than those without KD (P = 0.01). Majority of the cases were in the working population (30 - 59 yrs). Twenty two (22) frequent NSAIDs users had kidney dysfunction (KD) while six (6%) controls had KD. The proportion of subjects that used herbal medicines was higher in cases with KD than in cases without KD as well as in the controls respectively (P = 0.01). The mean kidney length and cortical thickness were significantly lower in cases with KD than in cases without KD, (P = 0.03) and (P = 0.017) respectively. The independent predictors of KD were increasing age, use of herbal remedies and duration of drug use. Conclusion: The prevalence of KD among frequent NSAIDs users was 22%, higher than controls. Risk factors identified include increasing age, use of herbal medicines, increasing body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), anaemia, reduced cortical thickness and kidney volume. NSAIDs use in excess doses, prolonged period or in stressed state increases the risk for kidney dysfunction, caution is therefore needed to avoid taking these drugs in these conditions.

Current management of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease （ADPKD）, the most frequent cause of genetic renal disease affecting approximately 4 to 7 million individuals worldwide and accounting for 7%-15% of patients on renal replacement therapy, is a systemic disorder mainly involving the kidney but cysts can also occur in other organs such as the liver, pancreas, arachnoid membrane and seminal vesicles. Though computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） were similar in evaluating 81% of cystic lesions of the kidney, MRI may depict septa, wall thickening or enhancement leading to upgrade in cyst classification that can affect management. A screening strategy for intracranial aneurysms would provide 1.0 additional year of life without neurological disability to a 20-year-old patient with ADPKD and reduce the fnancial impact on society of the disease. Current treatment strategies include reducing： cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, cell proliferation and fluid secretion. Several randomised clinical trials （RCT） including mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, somatostatin analoguesand a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist have beenperformed to study the effect of diverse drugs ongrowth of renal and hepatic cysts, and on deteriorationof renal function. Prophylactic native nephrectomy isindicated in patients with a history of cyst infection orecurrent haemorrhage or to those in whom space musbe made to implant the graft. The absence of largeRCT on various aspects of the disease and its treatmen leaves considerable uncertainty and ambiguity in many aspects of ADPKD patient care as it relates to end stage renal disease （ESRD）. The outlook of patients with ADPKD is improving and is in fact much better than that for patients in ESRD due to other causes. This review highlights the need for well-structured RCTs as a frst step towards trying newer interventions so as to develop updated clinical management guidelines.

Recent advances in nanotherapeutics for the treatment and prevention of acute kidney injury

Acute kidney injury(AKI)is a serious kidney disease without specific medications currently except for expensive dialysis treatment.Some potential drugs are limited due to their high hydrophobicity,poor in vivo stability,low bioavailability and possible adverse effects.Besides,kidney-targeted drugs are not common and small molecules are cleared too quickly to achieve effective drug concentrations in injured kidneys.These problems limit the development of pharmacological therapy for AKI.Nanotherapeutics based on nanotechnology have been proved to be an emerging and promising treatment strategy for AKI,which may solve the pharmacological therapy dilemma.More and more nanotherapeutics with different physicochemical properties are developed to efficiently deliver drugs,increase accumulation and control release of drugs in injury kidneys and also directly as effective antioxidants.Here,we discuss the recent nanotherapeutics applied in the treatment and prevention of AKI with improved effectiveness and few side effects.

Progress in drug delivery system for fibrosis therapy

Fibrosis is a necessary process in the progression of chronic disease to cirrhosis or even cancer,which is a serious disease threatening human health.Recent studies have shown that the early treatment of fibrosis is turning point and particularly important.Therefore,how to reverse fibrosis has become the focus and research hotspot in recent years.So far,the considerable progress has been made in the development of effective anti-fibrosis drugs and targeted drug delivery.Moreover,the existing research results will lay the foundation for more breakthrough delivery systems to achieve better anti-fibrosis effects.Herein,this review summaries anti-fibrosis delivery systems focused on three major organ fibrotic diseases such as liver,pulmonary,and renal fibrosis accompanied by the elaboration of relevant pathological mechanisms,which will provide inspiration and guidance for the design of fibrosis drugs and therapeutic systems in the future.

Recent advances in new-onset diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation

A common challenge in managing kidney transplant recipients(KTR)is posttransplant diabetes mellitus(PTDM)or diabetes mellitus(DM)newly diagnosed after transplantation,in addition to known pre-existing DM.PTDM is an important risk factor for post-transplant cardiovascular(CV)disease,which adversely affects patient survival and quality of life.CV disease in KTR may manifest as ischemic heart disease,heart failure,and/or left ventricular hypertrophy.Available therapies for PTDM include most agents currently used to treat type 2 diabetes.More recently,the use of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors(SGLT2i),glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1 RA),and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors(DPP4i)has cautiously extended to KTR with PTDM,even though KTR are typically excluded from large general population clinical trials.Initial evidence from observational studies seems to indicate that SGLT2i,GLP-1 RA,and DPP4i may be safe and effective for glycemic control in KTR,but their benefit in reducing CV events in this otherwise high-risk population remains unproven.These newer drugs must still be used with care due to the increased propensity of KTR for intravascular volume depletion and acute kidney injury due to diarrhea and their single-kidney status,pre-existing burden of peripheral vascular disease,urinary tract infections due to immunosuppression and a surgically altered urinary tract,erythrocytosis from calcineurin inhibitors,and reduced kidney function from acute or chronic rejection.

The Pattern of Eosinophil Count among Nigerians with Frequent Use of the Commonly Available Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Introduction: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use is very common. NSAIDs use could be associated with elevated eosinophil count which could be a class effect or patient-related. Inflammation could be the link between NSAIDs use and eosinophilia. Aims: To compare the pattern of eosinophil count in the peripheral blood of frequent users of NSAIDs and healthy controls. Methodology: Two hundred (one hundred frequent users of NSAIDs and 100 healthy controls) participants who had no known risk factor for kidney disease and had given informed consent were recruited. Blood was taken to determine the white cell count and differentials, serum electrolyte and creatinine, and random blood sugar. Results: The mean age of NSAIDs users was not significantly different from controls, P = 0.3. The mean eosinophil count was higher in males than females. The incidence of eosinophilia in NSAIDs users was 4%. The mean Eosinophil count of NSAIDs users was insignificantly higher than controls, 164.3 ± 51 6 vs 135. 6 ± 53.4, P = 0.4. The mean platelet count of NSAIDs users was significantly higher compared to controls, P = 0.04. The mean hematocrit of NSAIDs users was significantly lower than the controls, P = 0.02. Propionic acid derivatives were associated with the highest eosinophil count. Eosinophil count was positively related to age and serum creatinine and inversely related to blood glucose, hematocrit and glomerular filtration rate. Conclusion: The incidence of eosinophilia was 4%. The eosinophil count was higher in frequent NSAIDs users than occasional and non-users, in males than females and with use propionic acid derivatives compared to other NSAIDs. The Eosinophil count was positively related to age and platelet count. Being commoner in inflammatory states, the tissue destruction associated with elevated EC can be avoided by the prevention and prompt treatment of inflammatory conditions.

Ameliorating Effects of Thyroxine and Atropine in Phosphamidon Intoxicated Chick Embryos

The effects of thyroxine and atropine in ameliorating phosphamidon intoxication in chick embryos was studied. Treatment of phosphamidon significantly enhanced the moriality and abnormalityrates, decreased the average body weights, and cholinesterase activity in chick embryos. When thyroxine was administered to the phosphamidon intoxicated embryos, the above parameters changedsignificantly, indicating an ameliorating effect of thyroxine against phosphamidon intoxication in chick embryos. The combined thyroxine and atropine therapy did not further improve the ameliorating effect. Since in many respects chick embryo development parallels that of mammalian embryos,a short-term use of thyroxine as a protective agent against organophosphate toxicity might be useful

COVID-19 infection in a kidney transplant recipient—special emphasis on pharmacokinetic interactions:A case report

BACKGROUND Solid organ transplant recipients are considered to be at high-risk of developing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)-related complications.The optimal treatment for this patient group is unknown.Consequently,the treatment of COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients should be determined individually,considering patient age and comorbidities,as well as graft function,time of transplant,and immunosuppressive treatment.Immunosuppressive treatments may give rise to severe COVID-19.On the contrary,they may also lead to a milder and atypical presentation by diminishing the immune system overdrive.CASE SUMMARY A 50-year old female kidney transplant recipient presented to the transplant clinic with a progressive dry cough and fever that started three days ago.Although the COVID-19 test was found to be negative,chest computed tomography images showed consolidation typical of the disease;thus,following hospital admission,anti-bacterial and COVID-19 treatments were initiated.However,despite clinical improvement of the lung consolidation,her creatinine levels continued to increase.Ultrasound of the graft showed no pathology.The tacrolimus blood level was determined and the elevation in creatinine was found to be related to an interaction between tacrolimus and azithromycin.CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 pandemic,various single or combination drugs have been utilized to find an effective treatment regimen.This has increased the possibility of drug interactions.A limited number of studies published in the literature have highlighted some of these pharmacokinetic interactions.Treatments used for COVID-19 therapy;azithromycin,atazanavir,lopinavir/ritonavir,remdesivir,favipiravir,chloroquine,hydroxychloroquine,nitazoxanide,ribavirin,and tocilizumab,interact with immunosuppressive treatments,most importantly with calcineurin inhibitors.Thus,their levels should be frequently monitored to prevent toxicity.

Acetylsalicylic acid interferes with embryonic kidney growth and development by a prostaglandin-independent mechanism

AIM To evaluate the effects of the non-selective, non-steroidal anti-infammatory drug （NSAID） acetylsalicylic acid （ASA）, on ex vivo embryonic kidney growth and development.METHODS Pairs of fetal mouse kidneys at embryonic day 12.5 were cultured ex vivo in increasing concentrations of ASA （0.04-0.4 mg/mL） for up to 7 d. One organ from each pair was grown in control media and was used as the internal control for the experimental contralateral organ. In some experiments, organs were treated with ASA for 48 h and then transferred either to control media alone or control media containing 10 μmol/L prostaglandin E2 （PGE2） for a further 5 d. Fetal kidneys were additionally obtained from prostaglandin synthase 2 homozygous null or heterozygous （PTGS2-/- and PTGS2-/＋） embryos and grown in culture. Kidney cross-sectional area was used to determine treatment effects on kidney growth. Whole-mount labelling to fluorescently detect laminin enabled crude determination of epithelial branching using confocal microscopy.RESULTSIncreasing ASA concentration （0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/mL） significantly inhibited metanephric growth （P 〈 0.05）. After 7 d of culture, exposure to 0.2 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL reduced organ size to 53% and 23% of control organ size respectively （ P 〈 0.01）. Addition of 10 μmol/L PGE2 to culture media after exposure to 0.2 mg/mL ASA for 48 h resulted in a return of growth area to control levels. Application of control media alone after cessation of ASA exposure showed no benefit on kidney growth. Despite the apparent recovery of growth area with 10 μmol/L PGE2, no obvious renal tubular structures were formed. The number of epithelial tips generated after 48 h exposure to ASA was reduced by 40% （0.2 mg/mL; P 〈 0.05） and 47% （0.4 mg/mL; P 〈 0.01）. Finally, growth of PTGS2-/- and PTGS2＋/- kidneys in organ culture showed no differences, indicating that PTGS2 derived PGE2 may at best have a minor role.CONCLUSIONASA reduces early renal growth and development but the role of prostaglandins in this may be minor.

Dosing strategies for de novo once-daily extended release tacrolimus in kidney transplant recipients based on CYP3A5 genotype

BACKGROUND Tacrolimus extended-release tablets have been Food and Drug Administrationapproved for use in the de novo kidney transplant population.Dosing requirements often vary for tacrolimus based on several factors including variation in metabolism based on CYP3A5 expression.Patients who express CYP3A5 often require higher dosing of immediate-release tacrolimus,but this has not been established for tacrolimus extended-release tablets in the de novo setting.AIM To obtain target trough concentrations of extended-release tacrolimus in de novo kidney transplant recipients according to CYP3A5 genotype.METHODS Single-arm,prospective,single-center,open-label,observational study(ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT037-13645).Life cycle pharma tacrolimus(LCPT)orally once daily at a starting dose of 0.13 mg/kg/day based on actual body weight.If weight is more than 120%of ideal body weight,an adjusted body weight was used.LCPT dose was adjusted to maintain tacrolimus trough concentrations of 8-10 ng/mL.Pharmacogenetic analysis of CYP3A5 genotype was performed at study conclusion.RESULTS Mean time to therapeutic tacrolimus trough concentration was longer in CYP3A5 intermediate and extensive metabolizers vs CYP3A5 non-expressers(6 d vs 13.5 d vs 4.5 d;P=0.025).Mean tacrolimus doses and weight-based doses to achieve therapeutic concentration were higher in CYP3A5 intermediate and extensive metabolizers vs CYP3A5 non-expressers(16 mg vs 16 mg vs 12 mg;P=0.010)(0.20 mg/kg vs 0.19 mg/kg vs 0.13 mg/kg;P=0.018).CYP3A5 extensive metabolizers experienced lower mean tacrolimus trough concentrations throughout the study period compared to CYP3A5 intermediate metabolizers and non-expressers(7.98 ng/mL vs 9.18 ng/mL vs 10.78 ng/mL;P=00.008).No differences were identified with regards to kidney graft function at 30-d post-transplant.Serious adverse events were reported for 13(36%)patients.CONCLUSION Expression of CYP3A5 leads to higher starting doses and incremental dosage titration of extended-release tacrolimus to achieve target trough concentrations.We suggest a higher starting dose of 0.2 mg/kg/d for CYP3A5 expressers.

Innovative immunosuppression in kidney transplantation:A challenge for unmet needs

Due to the optimal results obtained in kidney transplantation and to the lack of interest of the industries,new innovative drugs in kidney transplantation are difficult to be encountered.The best strategy to find the new drugs recently developed or under development is to search in the sections of kidney transplantation still not completely covered by the drugs on the market.These unmet needs are the prevention of delayed graft function(DGF),the protection of the graft over the long time and the desensitization of preformed anti human leukocyte antigen antibodies and the treatment of the acute antibody-mediated rejection.These needs are particularly relevant due to the expansion of some kind of kidney transplantation as transplantation from non-heart beating donor and in the case of antibody-incompatible grafts.The first are particularly exposed to DGF,the latter need a safe desensitization and a safe treatments of the antibody mediated rejections that often occur.Particular caution is needed in treating these drugs.First,they are described in very recent studies and the follow-up of their effect is of course rather short.Second,some of these drugs are still in an early phase of study,even if in well-conducted randomized controlled trials.Particular caution and a careful check need to be used in trials launched 2 or 3 years ago.Indeed,is always necessary to verify whether the study is still going on or whether and why the study itself was abandoned.

西藏自治区人民医院实施国家重点监控药品干预成效分析

目的:评价西藏自治区人民医院对重点监控药品进行重点干预的成效,为优化重点监控药品干预策略、促进临床合理用药提供参考。方法:西藏自治区人民医院于2020年制订《西藏自治区人民医院重点监控药品管理规定》,建立《西藏自治区人民医院重点监控药品目录》,同时开展重点监控药品处方及医嘱专项点评、采取点评结果公示及绩效考核挂钩等目标性干预措施,对比西藏自治区人民医院2019年4月-2020年3月(干预前)与2020年4月-2021年3月(干预后第一年)及2021年4月-2022年3月(干预后第二年)重点监控药品临床使用数据变化,评价重点干预措施对该类药品的管理成效及临床使用的影响。结果:该院干预后第一年及第二年的重点监控药品销售金额分别为1427.01万元、1388.12万元,低于干预前的2004.29万元;干预后重点监控药品销售金额占药品总销售金额比例分别为8.33%、7.47%,低于干预前的10.11%。重点监控药品各品种的DDC普遍较高,患者的经济负担较重。结论:西藏自治区人民医院重点监控药品的干预取得了一定成效,但医院应在此基础上采取有力措施,提高重点监控药品合理使用,进一步减轻患者经济负担。

应用失效模式与效应分析法提高药房盘点质量探索

目的:优化现代化门诊药房药品盘点过程以提升盘点质量。方法:通过文献检索、头脑风暴等方法绘制药品盘点流程图并收集每个子流程的潜在失效模式及失效原因,应用失效模式与效应分析法(Failure Mode and Effect Analysis,FMEA)对各失效模式发生的可能性、严重性和可侦测度进行评分及风险优先值(RPN)计算,量化并确定高风险失效模式,制定改进措施并实施,分析改善效果。结果:确定了盘点的3个主流程和12个子流程,以及各子流程相关的21项失效模式和38项失效原因,高风险因素共15项,制定针对性改进措施28项。干预改进后,各高风险失效模式RPN值均显著降低,其中最高的4项由392、288、280、280分别降至42、48、56、63,均处于相对低风险区域;干预管理前后复盘相符率由82.4%上涨至96.2%,盘存时长由180.2 min降至155.3 min。结论:FMEA法在药品盘点过程存在问题分析改进中的价值是肯定的,制定的各项改进措施,尤其是针对现代化药房自动化设备盘存模块的相关措施,以及低代码平台在智能化盘点中的应用等对于盘点质量的提升作用非常显著,值得借鉴并推广运用来提升药品经济和质量管理。

Targeted therapy of kidney disease with nanoparticle drug delivery materials

With the development of nanomedicine,nanomaterials have been widely used,offering specific drug delivery to target sites,minimal side effects,and significant therapeutic effects.The kidneys have filtration and reabsorption functions,with various potential target cell types and a complex structural environment,making the strategies for kidney function protection and recovery after injury complex.This also lays the foundation for the application of nanomedicine in kidney diseases.Currently,evidence in preclinical and clinical settings supports the feasibility of targeted therapy for kidney diseases using drug delivery based on nanomaterials.The prerequisite for nanomedicine in treating kidney diseases is the use of carriers with good biocompatibility,including nanoparticles,hydrogels,liposomes,micelles,dendrimer polymers,adenoviruses,lysozymes,and elastin-like polypeptides.These carriers have precise renal uptake,longer half-life,and targeted organ distribution,protecting and improving the efficacy of the drugs they carry.Additionally,attention should also be paid to the toxicity and solubility of the carriers.While the carriers mentioned above have been used in preclinical studies for targeted therapy of kidney diseases both in vivo and in vitro,extensive clinical trials are still needed to ensure the short-term and long-term effects of nano drugs in the human body.This review will discuss the advantages and limitations of nanoscale drug carrier materials in treating kidney diseases,provide a more comprehensive catalog of nanocarrier materials,and offer prospects for their drug-loading efficacy and clinical applications.

六味地黄汤对糖皮质激素肾阴虚模型免疫器官淋巴细胞凋亡的抑制作用(I)

为进一步探讨肾阴虚证在免疫学上的实质 ,将 30只Wister大鼠分为正常对照组、模型组、六味地黄汤组 3组 ,采用糖皮质激素肾阴虚大鼠模型以原位末端标记法标记凋亡细胞 ,观测了六味地黄汤对胸腺淋巴细胞凋亡的影响。结果显示 :模型组淋巴细胞凋亡增多 ,且多在胸腺皮质部 ,凋亡细胞计数模型组显著高于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;六味地黄汤组淋巴细胞凋亡较模型组明显减少 ,凋亡细胞计数六味地黄汤组低于模型组 (P <0 .0 1)。提示六味地黄汤能够抑制糖皮质激素诱导的胸腺淋巴细胞凋亡。反证了肾阴虚证存在胸腺淋巴细胞凋亡的情况 。

巴戟素对衰老大鼠空间学习记忆力的改善作用

用D -半乳糖化的方法制备大鼠衰老模型 ,通过Morris水迷宫测试 ,观察巴戟素对衰老大鼠空间学习记忆力的影响 ;应用海马脑片灌流技术 ,观察巴戟素对海马突触长时程增强 (LTP)的影响。结果显示 ,巴戟素能使衰老大鼠逃避潜伏期缩短 ;原平台象限游泳时间和 4 0cm环内游泳时间明显延长 ;原平台象限游泳路径百分比增加。还可显著增强海马脑片的LTP效应 ,并呈一定的量效关系。提示巴戟素可提高衰老大鼠的空间学习、记忆能力 。

三种叶下珠属植物在体外细胞培养中抗HBV作用的初步研究

对３种叶下珠属植物的水提物在２２１５细胞培养中抗乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）作用进行了初步观察。结果显示：３种药物在６．２５ｇ／Ｌ加药后第５天，苦味叶下珠对２２１５细胞ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｅＡｇ分泌的抑制率分别为５７．７９％和５５．００％，黄珠子草为６４．６２％和６１．５１％，新发现的珠子草延益亚种为４４．３２％和２．９８％。提示苦味叶下珠和黄珠子草在体外细胞培养第５天中对ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｅＡｇ的分泌均有较好的抑制作用。

硫化氢作为心血管信号分子的研究

To explore the possibility of hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) as a messenger molecule in cardiovascular system, the authors discovered that H 2S (5×10 -5 -5×10 -4 mol·L -1 )exerted an effect on inhibiting endothelin 1 induced proliferation of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of rats in vitro . The 3H TdR incorporation decreased by 16.8%～37.4% in H 2S treated VSMCs as compared with the controls ( P <0.01). The inhibitory effect was found to be associated with reduced activity of MAPK. The authors also observed that endogenous H 2S levels markedly increased in vessels of rats with either endotoxic shock or septic shock [H 2S level (pmol·min -1 ·mg -1 ):tail artery (16.18±2.06) vs (8.12±0.55);mesenteric artery (10.17±1.11) vs (6.19 ±0.55);pulmonary artery(11.38±1.24) vs (5.27±0.51); aorta(6.21±0.48) vs (4.10± 0.28), P < 0.01 ]. The above findings suggested that H 2S might play an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular pathophysiologic events.

电针、中药促进大鼠坐骨神经损伤的神经再生研究

目的 :寻找促进周围神经损伤后神经再生的方法。方法 :采用手术造成大鼠坐骨神经损伤模型 ,用电针、中药治疗 ,进行电生理指标和HRP追踪观察。结果 :电针组、中药组的神经传导速度和诱发动作电位振幅恢复率以及脊髓前角和脊神经节标记细胞数 ,与西药组、空白组比较差异有显著性意义 ,其中电针组优于中药组。结论 :电针、中药均能较好地促进神经损伤早期的功能恢复 ,是一种促进周围神经损伤后神经再生的有效手段。