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Similarities and differences in inherent mechanism and characteristic frequency between the one-dimensional poroelastic model and the layered White model
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作者 Li-Ming Zhao Cai-Ping Lu +1 位作者 Yang Liu Chao-Chao Li 《Petroleum Science》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期2383-2392,共10页
The similarities and differences in inherent mechanism and characteristic frequency between the onedimensional(1D)poroelastic model and the layered White model were investigated.This investigation was conducted under ... The similarities and differences in inherent mechanism and characteristic frequency between the onedimensional(1D)poroelastic model and the layered White model were investigated.This investigation was conducted under the assumption that the rock was homogenous and isotropic at the mesoscopic scale.For the inherent mechanism,both models resulted from quasi-static flow in a slow P-wave diffusion mode,and the differences between them originated from saturated fluids and boundary conditions.On the other hand,for the characteristic frequencies of the models,the characteristic frequency of the 1D poroelastic model was first modified because the elastic constant and formula for calculating it were misused and then compared to that of the layered White model.Both of them moved towards higher frequencies with increasing permeability and decreasing viscosity and diffusion length.The differences between them were due to the diffusion length.The diffusion length for the 1D poroelastic model was determined by the sample length,whereas that for the layered White model was determined by the length of the representative elementary volume(REV).Subsequently,a numerical example was presented to demonstrate the similarities and differences between the models.Finally,published experimental data were interpreted using the 1D poroelastic model combined with the Cole-Cole model.The prediction of the combined model was in good agreement with the experimental data,thereby validating the effectiveness of the 1D poroelastic model.Furthermore,the modified characteristic frequency in our study was much closer to the experimental data than the previous prediction,validating the effectiveness of our modification of the characteristic frequency of the 1D poroelastic model.The investigation provided insight into the internal relationship between wave-induced fluid flow(WIFF)models at macroscopic and mesoscopic scales and can aid in a better understanding of the elastic modulus dispersion and attenuation caused by the WIFF at different scales. 展开更多
关键词 1D poroelastic model layered White model Quasi-static flow Slow P-wave diffusion Characteristic frequency Diffusion length
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A three-layer structure model for the effect of a soft middle layer on Love waves propagating in layered piezoelectric systems 被引量:4
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作者 Peng Li Feng Jin Tian-Jian Lu 《Acta Mechanica Sinica》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2012年第4期1087-1097,共11页
A three-layer structure model is proposed for investigating the effect of a soft elastic middle layer on the propagation behavior of Love waves in piezoelectric layered systems, with "soft" implying that the bulk-sh... A three-layer structure model is proposed for investigating the effect of a soft elastic middle layer on the propagation behavior of Love waves in piezoelectric layered systems, with "soft" implying that the bulk-shear-wave velocity of the middle layer is smaller than that of the upper sensitive layer. Dispersion equations are obtained for unelectroded and traction-free upper surfaces which, in the limit, can be reduced to those for classical Love waves. Systematic parametric studies are subsequently carried out to quantify the effects of the soft middle layer upon Love wave propagation, including its thickness, mass density, dielectric constant and elastic coefficient. It is demonstrated that whilst the thickness and elastic coefficient of the middle layer affect significantly Love wave propagation, its mass density and dielectric constant have negligible influence. On condition that both the thickness and elastic coefficient of the middle layer are vanishingly small so that it degenerates into an imperfectly bonded interface, the three-layer model is also employed to investigate the influence of imperfect interfaces on Love waves propagating in piezoelectric layer/elastic sub- strate systems. Upon comparing with the predictions ob- tained by employing the traditional shear-lag model, the present three-layer structure model is found to be more ac- curate as it avoids the unrealistic displacement discontinuity across imperfectly bonded interfaces assumed by the shearlag model, especially for long waves when the piezoelectric layer is relatively thin. 展开更多
关键词 Piezoelectric structure Love waves Soft mid-dle layer shear-lag model
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A Simplified Scheme of the Generalized Layered Radiative Transfer Model 被引量:2
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作者 戴秋丹 孙菽芬 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2007年第2期213-226,共14页
In this paper, firstly, a simplified version (SGRTM) of the generalized layered radiative transfer model (GRTM) within the canopy, developed by us, is presented. It reduces the information requirement of inputted ... In this paper, firstly, a simplified version (SGRTM) of the generalized layered radiative transfer model (GRTM) within the canopy, developed by us, is presented. It reduces the information requirement of inputted sky diffuse radiation, as well as of canopy morphology, and in turn saves computer resources. Results from the SGRTM agree perfectly with those of the GRTM. Secondly, by applying the linear superposition principle of the optics and by using the basic solutions of the GRTM for radiative transfer within the canopy under the condition of assumed zero soil reflectance, two sets of explicit analytical solutions of radiative transfer within the canopy with any soil reflectance magnitude are derived: one for incident diffuse, and the other for direct beam radiation. The explicit analytical solutions need two sets of basic solutions of canopy reflectance and transmittance under zero soil reflectance, run by the model for both diffuse and direct beam radiation. One set of basic solutions is the canopy reflectance αf (written as α1 for direct beam radiation) and transmittance βf (written as β1 for direction beam radiation) with zero soil reflectance for the downward radiation from above the canopy (i.e. sky), and the other set is the canopy reflectance (αb) and transmittance βb for the upward radiation from below the canopy (i.e., ground). Under the condition of the same plant architecture in the vertical layers, and the same leaf adaxial and abaxial optical properties in the canopies for the uniform diffuse radiation, the explicit solutions need only one set of basic solutions, because under this condition the two basic solutions are equal, i.e., αf = αb and βf = βb. Using the explicit analytical solutions, the fractions of any kind of incident solar radiation reflected from (defined as surface albedo, or canopy reflectance), transmitted through (defined as canopy transmittance), and absorbed by (defined as canopy absorptance) the canopy and other properties pertinent to the radiative transfer within the canopy can be estimated easily on the ground surface below the canopy (soil or snow surface) with any reflectance magnitudes. The simplified transfer model is proven to have a similar accuracy compared to the detailed model, as well as very efficient computing. 展开更多
关键词 generalized layered canopy radiative transfer model simplified model analytical solutions basic solutions adaxial abaxial leaf optical properties
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Critical properties of XY model dimensional layered magnetic on two- films
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作者 王漪 刘晓彦 +2 位作者 孙雷 张兴 韩汝琦 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2006年第5期1081-1085,共5页
Using Monte Carlo simulations, we have investigated the classical XY model on triangular lattices of ultra-thin film structures with middle ferromagnetic layers sandwiched between two antiferromagnetic layers. The int... Using Monte Carlo simulations, we have investigated the classical XY model on triangular lattices of ultra-thin film structures with middle ferromagnetic layers sandwiched between two antiferromagnetic layers. The internal energy, the specifc heat, the chirality and the chiral susceptibility are calculated in order to clarify phase transitions and critical phenomena. Prom the finite-size scaling analyses, the values of critical exponents are determined. In a range of interaction parameters, we find that the chirality steeply goes up as temperature increases in a temperature range; correspondingly the value of a critical exponent for this change is estimated. 展开更多
关键词 layered XY model critical phenomena ultra-thin magnetic film
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A rapid and accurate two-point ray tracing method in horizontally layered velocity model
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作者 田玥 陈晓非 《Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition)》 EI CSCD 2005年第2期154-161,254,共9页
A rapid and accurate method for two-point ray tracing in horizontally layered velocity model is presented in this paper. Numerical experiments show that this method provides stable and rapid convergence with high accu... A rapid and accurate method for two-point ray tracing in horizontally layered velocity model is presented in this paper. Numerical experiments show that this method provides stable and rapid convergence with high accuracies, regardless of various 1-D velocity structures, takeoff angles and epicentral distances. This two-point ray tracing method is compared with the pseudobending technique and the method advanced by Kim and Baag (2002). It turns out that the method in this paper is much more efficient and accurate than the pseudobending technique, but is only applicable to 1-D velocity model. Kim's method is equivalent to ours for cases without large takeoff angles, but it fails to work when the takeoff angle is close to 90°. On the other hand, the method presented in this paper is applicable to cases with any takeoff angles with rapid and accurate convergence. Therefore, this method is a good choice for two-point ray tracing problems in horizontally layered velocity model and is efficient enough to be applied to a wide range of seismic problems. 展开更多
关键词 two-point ray tracing horizontally layered velocity model
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Perfectly matched layer-absorbing boundary condition for finite-element time-domain modeling of elastic wave equations 被引量:3
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作者 赵建国 史瑞其 《Applied Geophysics》 SCIE CSCD 2013年第3期323-336,359,共15页
The perfectly matched layer (PML) is a highly efficient absorbing boundary condition used for the numerical modeling of seismic wave equation. The article focuses on the application of this technique to finite-eleme... The perfectly matched layer (PML) is a highly efficient absorbing boundary condition used for the numerical modeling of seismic wave equation. The article focuses on the application of this technique to finite-element time-domain numerical modeling of elastic wave equation. However, the finite-element time-domain scheme is based on the second- order wave equation in displacement formulation. Thus, the first-order PML in velocity-stress formulation cannot be directly applied to this scheme. In this article, we derive the finite- element matrix equations of second-order PML in displacement formulation, and accomplish the implementation of PML in finite-element time-domain modeling of elastic wave equation. The PML has an approximate zero reflection coefficients for bulk and surface waves in the finite-element modeling of P-SV and SH wave propagation in the 2D homogeneous elastic media. The numerical experiments using a two-layer model with irregular topography validate the efficiency of PML in the modeling of seismic wave propagation in geological models with complex structures and heterogeneous media. 展开更多
关键词 Absorbing boundary condition elastic wave equation perfectly matched layer finite-element modeling
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Science Letters:Mask synthesis and verification based on geometric model for surface micro-machined MEMS 被引量:1
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作者 李建华 刘玉生 高曙明 《Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2005年第9期1007-1010,共4页
Traditional MEMS (microelectromechanical system) design methodology is not a structured method and has become an obstacle for MEMS creative design. In this paper, a novel method of mask synthesis and verification fo... Traditional MEMS (microelectromechanical system) design methodology is not a structured method and has become an obstacle for MEMS creative design. In this paper, a novel method of mask synthesis and verification for surface micro-machined MEMS is proposed, which is based on the geometric model of a MEMS device. The emphasis is focused on synthesizing the masks at the basis of the layer model generated from the geometric model of the MEMS device. The method is comprised of several steps: the correction of the layer model, the generation of initial masks and final masks including multi-layer etch masks, and mask simulation. Finally some test resuhs are given. 展开更多
关键词 MEMS CAD Geometric model Layer model Mask synthesis Surface micromachining
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Simulation study of a magnetocardiogram based on a virtual heart model:effect of a cardiac equivalent source and a volume conductor 被引量:3
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作者 寿国法 夏灵 +2 位作者 马平 唐发宽 戴灵 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2011年第3期121-128,共8页
In this paper, we present a magnetocardiogram (MCG) simulation study using the boundary element method (BEM) and based on the virtual heart model and the realistic human volume conductor model. The different contr... In this paper, we present a magnetocardiogram (MCG) simulation study using the boundary element method (BEM) and based on the virtual heart model and the realistic human volume conductor model. The different contributions of cardiac equivalent source models and volume conductor models to the MCG are deeply and comprehensively investigated. The single dipole source model, the multiple dipoles source model and the equivalent double layer (EDL) source model are analysed and compared with the cardiac equivalent source models. Meanwhile, the effect of the volume conductor model on the MCG combined with these cardiac equivalent sources is investigated. The simulation results demonstrate that the cardiac electrophysiological information will be partly missed when only the single dipole source is taken, while the EDL source is a good option for MCG simulation and the effect of the volume conductor is smallest for the EDL source. Therefore, the EDL source is suitable for the study of MCG forward and inverse problems, and more attention should be paid to it in future MCG studies. 展开更多
关键词 virtual heart model MAGNETOCARDIOGRAM dipole source equivalent double layer source volume conductor model
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STUDY ON STRATEGY OF DYNAMIC JOINT ROUTING AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN LAYERED OPTICAL TRANSPORT NETWORKS 被引量:2
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作者 Su Yang Xu Zhanqi +1 位作者 Zhao Ruiqin Liu Zengji 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2008年第2期166-173,共8页
A layered network model for optical transport networks is proposed in this paper,which involves Internet Protocol(IP) ,Synchronous Digital Hierarchy(SDH) and Wavelength Division Mul-tiplexing(WDM) layers. The strategy... A layered network model for optical transport networks is proposed in this paper,which involves Internet Protocol(IP) ,Synchronous Digital Hierarchy(SDH) and Wavelength Division Mul-tiplexing(WDM) layers. The strategy of Dynamic Joint Routing and Resource Allocation(DJRRA) and its algorithm description are also presented for the proposed layered network model. DJRRA op-timizes the bandwidth usage of interface links between different layers and the logic links inside all layers. The simulation results show that DJRRA can reduce the blocking probability and increase network throughput effectively,which is in contrast to the classical separate sequential routing and resource allocation solutions. 展开更多
关键词 layered network model Optical transport network Joint routing and resource allocation Network throughput
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Characterization of the adsorption behavior of aqueous cadmium on nanozero-valent iron based on orthogonal experiment and surface complexation modeling 被引量:2
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作者 Dongmei Liu Huan Tang +2 位作者 Ying Zhao Fuyi Cui Jing Lu 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2016年第9期1270-1274,共5页
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30(PVP) was introduced into the preparation of nanozero-valent iron(n ZVI) and the traditional liquid-phase reduction was improved. The introduction of PVP simplified the traditional method.The ... Polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30(PVP) was introduced into the preparation of nanozero-valent iron(n ZVI) and the traditional liquid-phase reduction was improved. The introduction of PVP simplified the traditional method.The n ZVI prepared with this new approach showed excellent surface characters and high performance on the removal of cadmium. TEM results showed that the aggregates of n ZVI can reach to several micrometers in length but less than 100 nm in diameter. The iron particles that were enclosed by a layer of oxide film that is less than10 nm, demonstrated that the n ZVI possesses a core–shell structure. BET results indicate that the specific surface area of the n ZVI was 20.3159 m^2g^(-1). A three factor and three level orthogonal experiment was employed to find out the dominant factor that affects the removal rate of cadmium by n ZVI. Based on the range values, the prominence order of each factor was: initial p H of the solution N initial concentration of cadmium N dosage of n ZVI, the range was 96.453, 3.294 and 1.747, respectively. A simulation was performed under the same condition and a same conclusion was derived, this consistence confirmed the validity of the conclusion that p H is the most significant factor that affects the adsorption efficiency. 展开更多
关键词 Cadmium Nanozero-valent iron Synthesis Polyvinylpyrrolidone Orthogonal experiment Diffuse layer model
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Three-Dimensional Simulations of RESET Operation in Phase-Change Random Access Memory with Blade-Type Like Phase Change Layer by Finite Element Modeling 被引量:2
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作者 金秋雪 刘波 +8 位作者 刘燕 王维维 汪恒 许震 高丹 王青 夏洋洋 宋志棠 封松林 《Chinese Physics Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第9期128-131,共4页
An optimized device structure for reducing the RESET current of phase-change random access memory (PCRAM) with blade-type like (BTL) phase change layer is proposed. The electrical thermal analysis of the BTL cell ... An optimized device structure for reducing the RESET current of phase-change random access memory (PCRAM) with blade-type like (BTL) phase change layer is proposed. The electrical thermal analysis of the BTL cell and the blade heater contactor structure by three-dimensional finite element modeling are compared with each other during RESET operation. The simulation results show that the programming region of the phase change layer in the BTL cell is much smaller, and thermal electrical distributions of the BTL cell are more concentrated on the TiN/GST interface. The results indicate that the BTL cell has the superiorities of increasing the heating efficiency, decreasing the power consumption and reducing the RESET current from 0.67mA to 0.32mA. Therefore, the BTL cell will be appropriate for high performance PCRAM device with lower power consumption and lower RESET current. 展开更多
关键词 PCRAM cell RESET Three-Dimensional Simulations of RESET Operation in Phase-Change Random Access Memory with Blade-Type Like Phase Change Layer by Finite Element modeling of by in with
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Performance comparison of permafrost models in Wudaoliang Basin,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China 被引量:3
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作者 YIN Guo-an NIU Fu-jun +2 位作者 LIN Zhan-ju LUO Jing LIU Ming-hao 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2016年第7期1162-1173,共12页
Knowledge of the spatial distribution of permafrost and the effects of climate on ground temperature are important for land use and infrastructure development on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP). Different permafrost mo... Knowledge of the spatial distribution of permafrost and the effects of climate on ground temperature are important for land use and infrastructure development on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP). Different permafrost models have been developed to simulate the ground temperature and active layer thickness(ALT). In this study, Temperature at Top of Permafrost(TTOP) model, Kudryavtsev model and modified Stefan solution were evaluated against detailed field measurements at four distinct field sites in the Wudaoliang Basin to better understand the applicability of permafrost models. Field data from 2012 to 2014 showed that there were notable differences in observed ground temperatures and ALTs within and among the sites. The TTOP model is relatively simple, however, when driven by averaged input values, it produced more accurate permafrost surface temperature(Tps) than the Kudryavtsev model. The modified Stefan solution resulted in a satisfactory accuracy of 90%, which was better than the Kudryavtsev model for estimating ALTs. The modified Stefan solution had the potential of being applied to climate-change studies in the future. Furthermore, additional field investigations over longer periods focusing on hydrology, which has significant influence on permafrost thaw, are necessary. These efforts should employ advanced measurement techniques to obtain adequate and extensive local parameters that will help improve model accuracy. 展开更多
关键词 Permafrost model Active layer thickness Soil freeze-thaw Soil temperature
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Wind Structure in an Intermediate Boundary Layer Model Based on Ekman Momentum Approximation
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作者 谈哲敏 王元 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2002年第2期266-278,共13页
A quasi three–dimensional, intermediate planetary boundary layer (PBL) model is developed by including inertial acceleration with the Ekman momentum approximation, but a nonlinear eddy viscosity based on Blackadar’s... A quasi three–dimensional, intermediate planetary boundary layer (PBL) model is developed by including inertial acceleration with the Ekman momentum approximation, but a nonlinear eddy viscosity based on Blackadar’s scheme was included to improve the theoretical model proposed by Tan and Wu (1993). The model could keep the same complexity as the classical Ekman model in numerical, but extends the conventional Ekman model to include the horizontal accelerated flow with the Ekman momentum approximation. A comparison between this modified Ekman model and other simplified accelerating PBL models is made. Results show that the Ekman model overestimates (underestimates) the wind speed and pumping velocity in the cyclonic (anticyclonic) shear flow due to the neglect of the acceleration flow, however, the semi–geostrophic Ekman model overestimates the acceleration effects resulting from the underestimating (overestimating) of the wind speed and pumping velocity in the cyclonic (anticyclonic) shear flow. The Ekman momentum approximation boundary layer model could be applied to the baroclinic atmosphere. The baroclinic Ekman momentum approximation boundary layer solution has both features of classical baroclinic Ekman layer and the Ekman momentum approximate boundary lager. 展开更多
关键词 Wind structure Ekman momentum approximation Boundary layer model
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Contouring error modeling and simulation of a four-axis motion control system
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作者 张代林 张旭 +3 位作者 谢经明 袁楚明 陈幼平 汤漾平 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第1期141-149,共9页
A layered modeling method is proposed to resolve the problems resulting from the complexity of the error model of a multi-axis motion control system. In this model, a low level layer can be used as a virtual axis by t... A layered modeling method is proposed to resolve the problems resulting from the complexity of the error model of a multi-axis motion control system. In this model, a low level layer can be used as a virtual axis by the high level layer. The first advantage of this model is that the complex error model of a four-axis motion control system can be divided into several simple layers and each layer has different coupling strength to match the real control system. The second advantage lies in the fact that the controller in each layer can be designed specifically for a certain purpose. In this research, a three-layered cross coupling scheme in a four-axis motion control system is proposed to compensate the contouring error of the motion control system. Simulation results show that the maximum contouring error is reduced from 0.208 mm to 0.022 mm and the integration of absolute error is reduced from 0.108 mm to 0.015 mm, which are respectively better than 0.027 mm and 0.037 mm by the traditional method. And in the bottom layer the proposed method also has remarkable ability to achieve high contouring accuracy. 展开更多
关键词 layered modeling ship model machining motion control cross coupling control
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A robust behavior of Feed Forward Back propagation algorithm of Artificial Neural Networks in the application of vertical electrical sounding data inversion 被引量:9
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作者 Y.Srinivas A.Stanley Raj +2 位作者 D.Hudson Oliver D.Muthuraj N.Chandrasekar 《Geoscience Frontiers》 SCIE CAS 2012年第5期729-736,共8页
The applications of intelligent techniques have increased exponentially in recent days to study most of the non-linear parameters. In particular, the behavior of earth resembles the non- linearity applications. An eff... The applications of intelligent techniques have increased exponentially in recent days to study most of the non-linear parameters. In particular, the behavior of earth resembles the non- linearity applications. An efficient tool is needed for the interpretation of geophysical parameters to study the subsurface of the earth. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) perform certain tasks if the structure of the network is modified accordingly for the purpose it has been used. The three most robust networks were taken and comparatively analyzed for their performance to choose the appropriate network. The single- layer feed-forward neural network with the back propagation algorithm is chosen as one of the well- suited networks after comparing the results. Initially, certain synthetic data sets of all three-layer curves have been taken tk^r training the network, and the network is validated by the field datasets collected from Tuticorin Coastal Region (78°7'30"E and 8°48'45"N), Tamil Nadu, India. The interpretation has been done successfully using the corresponding learning algorithm in the present study. With proper training of back propagation networks, it tends to give the resistivity and thickness of the subsurface layer model of the field resistivity data concerning the synthetic data trained earlier in the appropriate network. The network is trained with more Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data, and this trained network is demon- strated by the field data. Groundwater table depth also has been modeled. 展开更多
关键词 Artificial neural networks(ANN) Resistivity inversion coastal aquifer parameters Layer model
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Haze removal for UAV reconnaissance images using layered scattering model 被引量:8
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作者 Huang Yuqing Ding Wenrui Li Hongguang 《Chinese Journal of Aeronautics》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2016年第2期502-511,共10页
During the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) reconnaissance missions in the middle-low troposphere, the reconnaissance images are blurred and degraded due to the scattering process of aerosol under fog, haze and other ... During the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) reconnaissance missions in the middle-low troposphere, the reconnaissance images are blurred and degraded due to the scattering process of aerosol under fog, haze and other weather conditions, which reduce the image contrast and color fidelity. Considering the characteristics of UAV itself, this paper proposes a new algorithm for dehazing UAV reconnaissance images based on layered scattering model. The algorithm starts with the atmosphere scattering model, using the imaging distance, squint angle and other metadata acquired by the UAV. Based on the original model, a layered scattering model for dehazing is proposed. Considering the relationship between wave-length and extinction coefficient, the airlight intensity and extinction coefficient are calculated in the model. Finally, the restored images are obtained. In addition, a classification method based on Bayesian classification is used for classifica- tion of haze concentration of the image, avoiding the trouble of manual working. Then we evaluate the haze removal results according to both the subjective and objective criteria. The experimental results show that compared with the origin image, the comprehensive index of the image restored by our method increases by 282.84%, which proves that our method can obtain excellent dehazing effect. 展开更多
关键词 Atmosphere scatteringmodel Bayesian classification Haze concentration Image restoration layered scattering model UAV
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Building Morphological Characteristics and Their Effect on the Wind in Beijing 被引量:6
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作者 苗世光 李萍阳 王晓云 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2009年第6期1115-1124,共10页
An urban boundary layer model (UBLM) is improved by incorporating the effect of buildings with a sectional drag coefficient and a height-distributed canopy drag length scale. The improved UBLM is applied to simulate... An urban boundary layer model (UBLM) is improved by incorporating the effect of buildings with a sectional drag coefficient and a height-distributed canopy drag length scale. The improved UBLM is applied to simulate the wind fields over three typical urban blocks over the Beijing area with different height-towidth ratios. For comparisons, the wind fields over the same blocks are simulated by an urban sub-domain scale model resolving the buildings explicitly. The wind fields simulated from the two different methods are in good agreement. Then, two-dimensional building morphological characteristics and urban canopy parameters for Beijing are derived from detailed building height data. Finally, experiements are conducted to investigate the effect of buildings on the wind field in Beijing using the improved UBLM. 展开更多
关键词 building morphological characteristics urban boundary layer model urban canopy model
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A virtual lock-in amplifier,spectrum analyzer,impedance meter and semiconductor analyzer implemented on an SR7265 hardware target 被引量:1
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作者 BAI Jiang-hua 《Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation》 CAS CSCD 2018年第1期50-58,共9页
Lock-in amplifiers are used to detect and measure very small alternating current(AC)signals down to the range of nVs.Accurate measurements can be made even when the small signals are buried by noise thousands of times... Lock-in amplifiers are used to detect and measure very small alternating current(AC)signals down to the range of nVs.Accurate measurements can be made even when the small signals are buried by noise thousands of times larger.With the digital signal processing(DSP)technology involved in modern instrumentation,a lock-in amplifier is more versatile in sensing and recovering small signals.Combining the virtual instrumentation technology,we reorganize the functional blocks of a programmable lock-in amplifier and build it as a virtual spectrum analyzer,virtual impedance meter,virtual network analyzer,virtual semiconductor parameter analyzer,signal generator,etc.A 4 layer model is used to implement these virtual instruments.The same virtual instrument can also be implemented on a general purpose FPGA developing board. 展开更多
关键词 virtual Lock-in amplifier virtual spectrum analyzer virtual impedance meter virtual semiconductor analyzer 4 layer model
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Suspension mechanism and application of sand-suspended slurry for coalmine fire prevention 被引量:5
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作者 Xu Yongliang Wang Lanyun +1 位作者 Chu Tingxiang Liang Donglin 《International Journal of Mining Science and Technology》 SCIE EI 2014年第5期649-656,共8页
North and west China has abundant coal resources, however, such resources make these regions prone to serious mine fire disasters. Although the copious sand and fly ash resources found in these areas can be used as fi... North and west China has abundant coal resources, however, such resources make these regions prone to serious mine fire disasters. Although the copious sand and fly ash resources found in these areas can be used as fire-fighting materials, conventional grouting is expensive because of water shortage and loess particles. A new compound material(i.e., a sand-suspended colloid), which comprises a mineral inorganic gel and an organic polymer, is developed in the current study to improve the quality of sand injection and reduce water wastage when grouting. The new material can steadily suspend the sand, through the addition of a small amount of colloid yielding steady sand-suspended slurry. The process of producing the slurry is convenient and quick, overcoming the shortage of sand-suspending thickeners which need heat and are difficult to produce. The space work model based on the theory of the double-electric layer is established to study the suspended mechanism of the solid particles in the sand-suspended colloid.The dispersion effect of the sand-suspended colloid is demonstrated by the incorporation of the electrostatic effect by the double-electric layer and the steric hindrance effect on the sand particles, ensuring the stability of the colloid system and the steady suspension of sand particles in the sand-suspended colloid.Mechanical analysis indicates that the sand is suspended steadily under the condition that the rock sand particles stress on the lower part of the fluid is less than the yield stress of the colloid. Finally, the fireprevention technology of sand suspension was applied and tested in the Daliuta Coal Mine, achieving successful results. 展开更多
关键词 Sand-suspended colloid Sand-suspended slurry Suspension mechanism Dual-electrical layer Space work model Fire prevention
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THE WARMING MECHANISM IN THE SOUTHERN ARABIAN SEA DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE EVENTS 被引量:1
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作者 桂发银 李崇银 +2 位作者 谭言科 黎鑫 夏淋淋 《Journal of Tropical Meteorology》 SCIE 2016年第2期159-171,共13页
This study aims to explore the relative role of oceanic dynamics and surface heat fluxes in the warming of southern Arabian Sea and southwest Indian Ocean during the development of Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD) events by u... This study aims to explore the relative role of oceanic dynamics and surface heat fluxes in the warming of southern Arabian Sea and southwest Indian Ocean during the development of Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD) events by using National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research(NCEP/NCAR) daily reanalysis data and Global Ocean Data Assimilation System(GODAS) monthly mean ocean reanalysis data from 1982 to2013,based on regression analysis,Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF) analysis and combined with a 21/2layer dynamic upper-ocean model.The results show that during the initial stage of IOD events,warm downwelling Rossby waves excited by an anomalous anticyclone over the west Indian Peninsula,southwest Indian Ocean and southeast Indian Ocean lead to the warming of the mixed layer by reducing entrainment cooling.An anomalous anticyclone over the west Indian Peninsula weakens the wind over the Arabian Sea and Somali coast,which helps decrease the sea surface heat loss and shallow the surface mixed layer,and also contributes to the sea surface temperature(SST) warming in the southern Arabian Sea by inhibiting entrainment.The weakened winds increase the SST along the Somali coast by inhibiting upwelling and zonal advection.The wind and net sea surface heat flux anomalies are not significant over the southwest Indian Ocean.During the antecedent stage of IOD events,the warming of the southern Arabian Sea is closely connected with the reduction of entrainment cooling caused by the Rossby waves and the weakened wind.With the appearance of an equatorial easterly wind anomaly,the warming of the southwest Indian Ocean is not only driven by weaker entrainment cooling caused by the Rossby waves,but also by the meridional heat transport carried by Ekman flow.The anomalous sea surface heat flux plays a key role to damp the warming of the west pole of the IOD. 展开更多
关键词 Arabian Sea summer monsoon Indian Ocean Dipole 21/2layer dynamic upper-ocean model
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