Flow Injection Analysis Technique for Online Preconcentration of Lead Ions in Airborne Particulate Matter Using Imprinted Polymer as the Sorbent

This work reported a simple and sensitive flow injection analysis(FIA)technique coupled with a Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer(FAAS)for online preconcentration of lead(Ⅱ)ions in the airborne particulate matter samples(PM_(2.5))using ion-imprinted polymers as adsorbent packed in minicolumn.A bulk polymerization method was chosen to synthesize the polymer based on a ternary complex of lead ions with 4-2-pyridilazo resorcinol and 4-vinyl pyridine with methacrylic acid as a functional monomer.The optimum pH for sorption was 6,and other variables for the FIA system were optimized,including breakthrough volume,eluent concentration,and eluent volume.The optimum conditions were reached with a breakthrough volume of 4.45 mL,calculated as a dynamic retention capacity of 5.20 mg/g of Pb(II)40 mg/L,with a 1.5 mL/min flow rate.The eluent used for the FIA system was 0.5 mL HNO_(3)of 3 mol/L.Linearity,precision,and limits of detection of the FIA system were determined before being applied to preconcentration and analysis of lead ions in PM_(2.5)samples.The precision of the method was determined to be 3.09%by calculating the coefficients of the variant.Linearity of the method in the concentration range of 50-1000μg/L gave a coefficient correlation of 0.9925,showing a good response,and the limit of detection of the system was 5.11μg/L,better than that of the FAAS method.Performances of the FIA system were evaluated and showed good results with an enrichment factor of more than 20 times higher and a concentration efficiency of 11.65 min^(-1)with a consumptive index of 4.5 mL.Preconcentration and analysis of the PM_(2.5)samples in Bandung City showed the concentrations of Pb(II)were 26.67μg/L and 33.3μg/L with the accuracy of the method for each sample of104.75%and 107.86%.

Universal probe with oriented antibody to improve the immunochromatographic assay of lead ions in Procambarus clarkii

Objectives:Based on the information from the random inspection of foods by the China Food and Drug Administration in 2022,the contamin-ation levels of lead ions are high in many edible products.Traditional methods of detecting lead ions cannot meet the requirements of on-site analysis of food due to the need for large equipment.The immunochromatographic assay(iCA)is an effective,rapid,on-site analytical technique for determining lead ions in foods.However,the performance of ICA based on the traditional probe(AuNP-mAb)is limited by ignoring the influ-ence of theantibody orientation.Materials and Methods:In this study,we developed an efficient technology for constructing a universal probe(AuNP-PrA-mAb)based on the oriented immobilization of antibody.The performance of ICA was largely improved due to specific binding of the Fc region of the antibody with recombinant protein A(PrA)on the surface of a gold nanoparticle(AuNP).The ICA based on a universal probe was applied for the qualitative and quantitative detection of lead ions in Procambarus clarki within 30 min.Meanwhile,a simple and fast pretreatment method based on dilute acid extraction was developed forpretreating thePclarkii containing leadions.Results:The visual limit of detection and the scanning limit of quantization of the developed iCA strip for lead ions were O.5 ng/mL and 0.28 ng/mL,respectively.The sensitivity of ICA based on universal probe was 10-fold higher than that of the ICA using traditional probe.Furthermore,the detection results had no obvious difference between the ICA and ICP-MS with t-test statistical method.Conclusions:The developed ICA based on a universal probe presented broad application prospects in detecting contaminants in foods.

Synthesis and adsorption performance of lead ion-imprinted micro-beads with combination of two functional monomers

A novel ion-imprinted polymer, lead ion-imprinted micro-beads with combination of two functional monomers, was synthesized using the W/O/W polymerization method. Two functional monomers, 1,12-dodecanediol-O,O’-diphenyl-phosphonic acid （DDDPA） and 4-vinylpyridine, were used to form a suitable construction with micro-pores fitting the template and recognition sites. The eflects of adsorbent dosage, solution pH and the competitive ions on the adsorption and separation eflciency of lead ions were investigated. The lead ion-imprinted micro-beads were eflcient for lead ions removal from aqueous solution in a broad pH range （4–9）, when the adsorbent dosage was above 0.1 g/L. The adsorption process obeyed the pseudo second-order kinetics model and it only took half an hour to reach the equilibrium. The adsorption isotherm of lead ion was described by the Langmuir model （R2 0.99） with a maximum adsorption capacity of 116.9 mg/g. In the presence of competitive ions Co2＋ and Cd2＋, the lead ion-imprinted micro-beads showed a high selectivity for lead ions. The selectivity coeficient of Pb2＋/Cd2＋ and Pb2＋/Co2＋are 99.3 and 114.7, respectively.

Biosorption of lead by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in the form of pellets

The growth of Phanerochaete chrysosporium (ATCC 24725) in pellets was influenced by culture time, medium pH, C/N, surfactant concentration, spore number in inoculum, and shaking rate. The removal of Pb 2+ from aqueous solution by this kind of mycelial pellets was studied. The results indicated that many factors affected biosorption. These factors included pH, Pb 2+ concentration, co ion, adsorption time, and chemical pretreatments of biomass. Under optimum biosorption conditions(pH 4 5, 27℃, 16h), the highest lead uptake of 108 mg/g, was observed with mycelial pellets of 1 5-1 7 mm in diameter which were treated with 0 1 mol/L NaOH solution before adsorption. Pretreatment of biomass with NaOH further increased its biosorption capacity.

Synthesis of lignin-poly(N-methylaniline)-reduced graphene oxide hydrogel for organic dye and lead ions removal

Lignin is one of the major contents of lignocellulose and can be used as feedstock for adsorbent materials for wastewater treatment.Here,a lignin-poly(N-methylaniline)-graphene oxide(lignin-PNMA-rGO)hydrogel has been prepared by a two-step method,microspheres of lignin-PNMA was synthesis by the polymerization of NMA monomer in the presence of lignin in aqueous solution,and then they were encapsulated by the as-prepared reduced graphene oxide(GO)hydrogel via a reduction induced self-assembly of the GO nanosheets.The scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and UV-Vis studies have been carried out and revealed that the formation of the 3D porous nanocomposite hydrogel with multilevel structures and sufficient active sites.The lignin-PNMA-rGO adsorbent exhibited high adsorption capacity for both organic dye methylene blue(MB,201.7 mg/g)and Pb 2+ion(753.5 mg/g).The new lignin-based adsorbent is a low-cost,environmentally benign,which is an attractive adsor-bent for wastewater treatment.

Lead removal from aqueous solution by employing natural brucite

The effect and mechanism of the removal of Pb^(2+) from an aqueous solutionby using brucite as the adsorbent were studied. It was revealed that the increase in pH of brucitesuspension, as a result of the release of magnesium hydroxide into the suspension, leads to a sharprise of the adsorption amount of Pb^(2+) on brucite. The synergism of buffering and adsorptioncapacities of brucite is responsible for the removal of Pb^(2+) from the aqueous solution. Thecoexistence of Cu^(2+) with Pb^(2+) causes a decrease of their adsorption on brucite due to acompetition for surface sites and brucite exhibits a higher adsorption capacity for Pb^(2+) than forCu^(2+). The percentage adsorption of Pb^(2+) on brucite could reach 96.38 percent, 97.20 percentand 94.09 percent respectively with the initial pH of the suspension pH_i = 1.76 (initial Pb^(2+)concentration [Pb^(2+)]_i = 20 mumol/L), 1.82 ([Pb^(2+)]_i = 100 mumol/L) and 1.84 ([Pb^(2+)]_i =500 mumol/L). It was concluded that brucite is a very efficient mineral adsorbent for Pb^(2+)removal from polluted acidic water.

Removal of lead and cadmium ions by single and binary systems using phytogenic magnetic nanoparticles functionalized by 3-marcaptopropanic acid

The present research study is focused on green fabrication of superparamagnetic Phytogenic Magnetic Nanoparticles(PMNPs), and then its surface functionalization with 3-Mercaptopropionic acid(3-MPA). The resulting material(i.e. 3-MPA@PMNPs) characterized by FTIR, powder XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, VSM, BET and TGA techniques and then further employed for the investigation of the adsorptive removal of lead(Pb^2+) and cadmium(Cd^2+) ions from aqueous solutions in single and binary systems. The material showed fastest adsorptive rate(98.23%) for Pb^2+ and(96.5%) Cd2+within the contact time of 60 min at pH 6.5 in the single system. The experimental data were fitted well to Langmuir isotherm, indicated monolayer adsorption of both metal ions onto 3-MPA@PMNPs and an estimated comparable adsorptive capacity of 68.41 mg·g^-1(Pb2+) and 79.8 mg·g^-1(Cd2+) at p H 6.5. However, kinetic data agreed well with pseudo-second-order model, and indicated that the removal mainly supported chemisorption and/or ion-exchange mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters such asΔGo,ΔHo, and ΔSo, were-3259.20, 119.35 and 20.73 for Pb^2+, and-1491.10, 45.441 and 7.87 for Cd^2+ at temperature 298.15 K, confirmed that adsorption was endothermic, spontaneous and favorable. The material demonstrated higher selectivity of Pb2+ and its removal efficiency was(98.20 ± 0.3)% in binary system experiments. The material persisted performance up-to seven(07) consecutive treatment cycles without losing their stability and offered comparable fastest magnetic separation(35 s) from aqueous solutions. Therefore, it is recommended that the prepared material can be employed to remove toxic heavy metal ions from water/wastewaters and this "green" method can easily be implemented at large scale in low economy countries.

Bioremediation of Lead(II) from Polluted Wastewaters Employing Sulphuric Acid Treated Maize Tassel Biomass

The ability to modify a waste by-product precursor, maize tassel biomass using sulfuric acid as the activating agent with specific focus on Lead(II) ion from water has been proposed. The treating of maize tassel using sulphuric acid is believed to enhance sorption capacity of Lead(II) ions. For this, batch adsorption mode was adopted for which the effects of initial pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial concentration were investigated. Consequently, it was found that the adsorbent capacity depends on pH;since it increases up to 4.5 and then decreases. The highest percentage of Lead(II) ion removal was achieved in the adsorbent dosage of 1.2 g and at an initial concentration of 10 mg/L metal ion. In an attempt to determine the capacity and rate of Lead(II) removal, isotherm and kinetic data were modeled using appropriate equations. To this end, the adsorption data fitted best into the Langmuir model with an R2 (0.9997) while kinetically the Lead(II) adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model. Furthermore, as a way to address issues related to sustainability, maize tassel is recommended since the process is considered to be a dual solution for environmental cleaning. From one side, it represents a better way to dispose the maize tassel which has no use after fertilization and on the other hand it is an economic source of carbonaceous materials.

Spallation Yield of Neutrons Produced in Thick Lead Target by 400 MeV/u Carbon Ions

Measurement of the neutron yield is performed at a primary energy of 400 MeV/u carbons for the Pb target.Water-bath activation-foil method is used in a moderation measurement with Au foils to detect the moderated neutrons. The neutron yield is determined to be 18.4±2.1 per carbon by integrating the neutron flux over the entire water volume. The corresponding simulation values are performed by Geant4 code with three models to compare with the experimental results. The comparison shows that the calculated result with the INCL model is in good agreement with the experimental data.

Gas Phase Activation of Methane Molecule with Lead Benzene Dication Complex Ion, [Pb(Benzene)₂]²⁺

Motivated by the search for ways of a more efficient usage of the ubiquitous, and unexploited resources of methane, recent progress in the gas-phase activation of methane by metal dication complex ion is discussed. The gas phase theoretical and experimental analysis on [Pb(Benzene)2]2+ was conducted. The [Pb(Benzene)2]2+ complex ions were prepared using a combination of the pick-up technique and high energy electron impact, and then held in a cold ion trap. Excitation with tuneable UV radiation resulted in the formation of [Pb(Benzene)2(H2O)]2+, [Pb(Benzene)2(H2O)2]2+, [Pb(Benzene)]+, Pb+ and Benzene+ ions when the experimental results were analysed. The two optimised geometries of [Pb(Benzene)2]2+ namely the C2V eclipse and C2 staggered were observed. Methane activation of [Pb(Benzene)2]2+ complex ion yielded [Pb(Benzene)2(Me)]2+. [Pb(Benzene)2(H2O)(Me)2]2+,? [Pb(Benzene)2(H2O)(Me)]2+, [PbBenzene(Me)3]2+ and [Pb(Benzene)(Me)]2+. The PEC calculated binding energy of methane to lead benzene dication complex ion was approximately 25.45% higher than the value recorded on DFT calculation. This difference was due to the charge differences on the lead metal centre. While the actual calculated charge on the Pb metal in the optimised geometry was 1.68 the charge of +2 on the Pb metal was considered in the PEC calculation.

用于检测痕量铅离子的功能化反射结构光纤干涉传感器

铅离子(Pb^(2+))是日常生活中常接触的有毒重金属污染物之一。本研究开发了一种新型反射式光纤干涉传感器,用于检测痕量铅离子。该传感器结构由单模光纤、无芯光纤和细芯光纤(TCF)依次拼接而成。TCF的包层被氢氟酸部分腐蚀并涂覆功能化的水凝胶传感膜。该传感膜选用甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯(2-HEMA)作为识别单体。2-HEMA中的氧原子能与Pb^(2+)发生配体-受体相互作用,形成“-O-Pb-O-”交联结构,从而改变TCF的新包层有效折射率。因此,可以通过观察反射光谱中光信号的变化来检测水溶液中Pb^(2+)的浓度。所提出的传感器具有很高的检测灵敏度(1.926×10^(9)nm·mol^(-1)·L),其检测极限为4.14 ppt(1 ng·L^(-1)=1 ppt),比世界卫生组织(WHO)规定的饮用水中Pb^(2+)(10 ppb,1μg·L^(-1)=1 ppb)浓度低1000倍。此外,利用一个方程组实现了该传感器的温度自校准功能,成功地消除了环境温度的干扰。由于该传感器良好的特异性、稳定性以及反射式结构,非常便于实时远程检测,为环境和人类健康监测提供了广阔的前景。

电场调控激光诱导石墨烯基重金属电化学检测装置的研制

为了快速、精准分析农田重金属,该文设计了一款基于施加电场与激光诱导石墨烯(laser-inducedgraphene,LIG)电极阵列的功能核酸比率电化学检测装置,用于农田中典型重金属离子Hg^(2+)、Pb^(2+)的分析。该装置主要包括电场施加模块与LIG电极阵列传感器两个部分,前者以AT89S52单片机作为主控芯片、DAC0832作为电压输出端口,设计单片机控制电压输出的电场施加装置,实现了可编程电压的稳定输出;后者则通过结合CO_(2)激光直写和环氧树脂转印技术,提出了LIG电极阵列的快速制备方法,并进一步构建了LIG基功能核酸比率电化学传感器。在检测过程中,通过调控施加电场的性质,该装置实现了Hg^(2+)、Pb^(2+)在传感器表面的快速特异性富集以及响应信号的稳定获取,其对Hg^(2+)、Pb^(2+)检测限分别低至8.5×10^(-12)mol/L(4.25×10^(-11)mg/L)和4.6×10^(-13)mol/L(2.22×10^(-12)mg/L),实现了农田灌溉用水中Hg^(2+)、Pb^(2+)的现场精准检测。该装置利用施加电场与LIG阵列传感器,实现了重金属离子的快速、精准、现场分析需求,对于农田环境重金属污染的监测及治理具有重要意义。

P-MOF-5@纤维素/聚丙烯非织造材料铅离子吸附性能研究

为了制备具有高效重金属铅离子吸附性能的纤维素/聚丙烯(纤维素/PP)复合水刺非织造材料,以六水合硝酸锌为金属离子源,对苯二甲酸为有机配体,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP10)为分散剂,采用溶剂热法在以纤维素与PP纤维混合比例为9∶1的水刺非织造材料表面原位合成了P‐MOF‐5@纤维素/PP,对制备材料形貌、结构、重金属铅离子(Pb^(2+))吸附性能和力学性能进行了表征。结果表明:在纤维素/PP表面合成的MOF‐5呈规则的正六面体,粒径分布不均,加入PVP10后,P‐MOF‐5的结构更规整、粒径更均匀,结晶结构完整;当Pb^(2+)初始质量浓度为50 mg/L、吸附温度为25℃、溶液pH值为5时,P‐MOF‐5@纤维素/PP对水体中Pb^(2+)的吸附性能最佳,吸附平衡时间为9 h,吸附效率约为95.04%;经5次重复循环使用后,复合水刺材料的吸附效率仍可达到70.84%;与纤维素/PP相比,P‐MOF‐5@纤维素/PP的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率略有下降。

核酸功能化纳米探针检测水体中痕量Pb^(2+)的研究

铅离子(Pb^(2+))属于三大重金属污染物之一,是一种严重危害环境和人体健康的重金属元素。基于此,本研究建立一种简便、经济的水体中Pb^(2+)的检测方法。将纳米金颗粒(AuNP)作为荧光团标记脱氧核糖核酸酶(DNAzyme)的载体和猝灭剂,两者形成AuNP DNAzyme纳米探针。利用DNAzyme对目标物Pb^(2+)进行特异性识别,Pb^(2+)催化DNAzyme底物链裂解,实现荧光信号恢复。基于荧光信号的变化,实现了Pb^(2+)在5~125 nmol/L范围内的线性检测,并且Pb^(2+)的检出限为3.41 nmol/L。此外,该传感器对Pb^(2+)有较好的抗干扰性能,对Pb^(2+)加标的河水样品进行检测,回收率为95.90%~100.83%。表明该传感器在环境监测领域具有广阔的应用前景。

Z-200体系下Pb^(2+),Zn^(2+)对黄铜矿可浮性的影响及其机理

这是一篇矿物加工工程领域的论文。黄铜矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿通常会相互伴(共)生,为了探究Pb^(2+)和Zn^(2+)对黄铜矿浮选行为和表面性质的影响,本研究对黄铜矿进行了单矿物浮选实验,并利用溶液化学计算、Zeta电位和XPS检测等方法,对比研究了Pb^(2+)和Zn^(2+)对黄铜矿浮选行为和表面性质的影响。黄铜上的Zn^(2+)。矿石可浮性影响的差异。测试结果表明,Pb^(2+)和Zn^(2+)都会吸附在黄铜矿表面,改变黄铜矿表面的Zeta电位,抑制黄铜矿的可浮性,并且随着pH值的升高,抑制作用增强;结合浮选实验结果可知,浮选所处的矿浆pH值范围内,锌主要以Zn(OH)2沉淀的形式吸附在黄铜矿表面从而对黄铜矿的浮选产生抑制效果,所以Zn^(2+)对黄铜矿浮选的抑制效果要比Pb^(2+)显著;且XPS分析结果表明,Pb^(2+)和Zn^(2+)都能在黄铜矿表面形成沉淀物,并以化学吸附的形式出现在黄铜矿表面,从而抑制黄铜矿的可浮性。

山竹皮粉末对铅离子的吸附行为及其燃烧特性研究

采用山竹皮粉末为原料,通过吸附作用将铅离子定量负载。吸附实验表明,随着pH升高,山竹皮粉末对铅离子的吸附率明显增加,最大吸附量达到1.0mol/kg,且40min内可达到吸附平衡。热重分析结果显示,山竹皮粉末负载的铅离子数量对其开始剧烈燃烧热分解的特征温度起到明显的降低作用。在一定浓度范围内(<2mmol/L),负载的铅离子数量越多,山竹皮粉末开始燃烧的热分解温度以及剧烈燃烧的温度都会显著降低;而当吸附的铅离子数量达到一定程度之后(≥2mmol/L),山竹皮粉末剧烈燃烧的热分解温度则不再发生明显的变化。原因是在山竹皮粉末燃烧过程中铅离子起到了催化剂的作用,可以促进燃烧反应,将山竹皮粉末的燃烧分解温度从441℃降低到405℃。

铅离子印迹电化学传感器的制备及检测性能研究

重金属因其具有高毒性、致癌性和潜在的生物积累性,引发的环境问题受到广泛关注。为精确监测环境中的重金属污染,结合电化学分析和离子印迹技术的优势,构筑了对铅离子的高灵敏电化学传感器。利用铅离子作为模板,采用3-(γ-氨基乙氨基)-丙基-三甲基硅烷作为功能单体,在介孔硅表面,通过共缩聚法制备了离子印迹聚合物,并将其作为电化学传感器的核心识别元件。经过优化碳糊电极的组成,制备了一系列高选择性的离子印迹电化学传感器,并对其电化学行为进行了分析。测试结果表明,所制传感器对铅离子的检测线性范围为10^(-9)~10^(-6) mol/L,且检出限达到1.3×10^(-11) mol/L(信噪比=3)。在对河水和大米等实际样品的检测中,传感器展现了高灵敏性(相对标准偏差为2.5%~7.4%)和高准确性(回收率为98.8%~102.9%),表明其在环境监测和食品安全检测方面具有应用潜力。

2023年中国电池市场分析

介绍2023年我国电池的产量及进出口量:电池总产量约609.66亿只,其中锂离子电池约960 GW·h,铅蓄电池约270 GW·h,碱性锌锰电池约147亿只,普通锌锰电池约166亿只,太阳能电池约541.16 GW,燃料电池为5 668堆;电池出口总量333.35亿只,进口总量23.04亿只。讨论我国电池市场发展趋势。

乙二胺改性聚苯乙烯树脂对水体中铅(Ⅱ)、铬(Ⅵ)的吸附研究

采用乙二胺对氯甲基化聚苯乙烯树脂进行改性,利用改性后的树脂去除溶液中的铅(Ⅱ)和铬(Ⅵ)。通过改变pH、时间、浓度和吸附剂投加量,确定最佳吸附实验条件,得到改性后的树脂对铅(Ⅱ)和铬(Ⅵ)的最大吸附容量分别为119.60mg/g和128.28mg/g。动力学研究表明,该模型符合Langmuir模型。

Application of Modified Nickel Slag Adsorbent on the Removal of Pb^(2＋) and Cu^(2＋) from Aqueous Solution

Al（OH）_3 modified nickel slag adsorbent was prepared by sintering technology. The structure of the sample was characterized by BET, XRD, IR, SEM and EDAX. The sample＇s adsorption performance of Pb^（2＋） and Cu^（2＋） from aqueous solution was studied. Results indicated that the adsorbent is a loose and porous mesoporous material. Its surface had mass aluminosilicate, high-activity γ-Al_2O_3 and its p H ranges from 4 to 12 that all have negative charges. The BET surface of the adsorbent is 23.90 m^2/g. Furthermore, its surface contains rich oxygenic functional groups, which could not only provide abundant adsorption sites for Pb^（2＋） and Cu^（2＋）, but also improve the adsorption performance of Pb^（2＋） and Cu^（2＋） from waste water through the complexation of heavy metal ions. The best p H values selected in the adsorption of Pb^（2＋） and Cu^（2＋） are 6 and 5, respectively. With the increase of the initial concentration of simulated solution, the adsorption capacities of Pb^（2＋） and Cu^（2＋） gradually increased but the removal rates showed a downward trend. The competitive adsorption results of Pb^（2＋） and Cu^（2＋） showed that Pb^（2＋） has better preferential adsorption than Cu^（2＋）.