The cadmium（Ⅱ）-glycine system was studied by the two experimental techniques, ion sensitive electrode （ISE） and differential pulse polarography （DPP）, and the experimental data obtained were used by a unified m...The cadmium（Ⅱ）-glycine system was studied by the two experimental techniques, ion sensitive electrode （ISE） and differential pulse polarography （DPP）, and the experimental data obtained were used by a unified mathematical treatment to calculate the complex stability constants. The combination of the two techniques is of many advantages as ISE can be performed at low [LT]：[MT] ratios and significantly higher [MT], whereas DPP could be used well at large [LT]：[MT] ratios and much smaller [MT]. This makes it possible to study a metal-ligand system in a relatively broader range of experimental conditions that, in turn, provides more information about the metakligand system of interest. Applying the unified mathematical treatment to the cadmium-glycine system, two new complexes MHL and ML2（OH） as well as three complexes ML, ML2 and ML3, reported in literatures, could be modeled and all their stability constants have been refined.展开更多
A second derivative polarographic wave of naphthalene is observed in 50% N, N-dimethylformamide and ammonia-ammonium chloride medium. The peak potential is about ?1.05 V (vs. SCE). The concentration of naphthalene is ...A second derivative polarographic wave of naphthalene is observed in 50% N, N-dimethylformamide and ammonia-ammonium chloride medium. The peak potential is about ?1.05 V (vs. SCE). The concentration of naphthalene is linear with peak current in the range of 5.00×10?6 mol/L to 5.00×10?4 mol/L, The detection limit is 2.00×10?6 mol/L. This method can be used to determine naphthalene content of the sample such as coal, mothball and asphaltic bitumen. The relative standard deviation (RSD) are in the range of 0.38%≈1.30%. The determined recoveries by adding known amounts of naphthalene to sample solution are in the range of 92%≈101%. This paper also study on the polarographic behavior of naphthalene.展开更多
It was found that micro amounts of oxalate showed a very strong catalytic effect on the slow reaction between K 2Cr 2O 7 and Orange Ⅳ in a diluted sulfuric acid medium in a water bath at 70 ℃ . Orange Ⅳ exhib...It was found that micro amounts of oxalate showed a very strong catalytic effect on the slow reaction between K 2Cr 2O 7 and Orange Ⅳ in a diluted sulfuric acid medium in a water bath at 70 ℃ . Orange Ⅳ exhibited a sensitive second order derivative polarographic wave at -0 50 V( vs . SCE). This provides the basis for a sensitive and selective catalytic kinetic method for oxalate determination with second order derivative oscillopolarography. The effects of sulphuric acid, K 2Cr 2O 7, and orange Ⅳ concentrations, reaction temperature and reaction time were investigated. A calibration curve of oxalate in the range of 0 1-2 0 μg/mL was obtained by the fixed time procedure. The detection limit was 0 03 μg/ mL. The possible interference from co existing substances or ions was examined. The new method has a high sensitivity and a good selectivity compared to other existing methods for oxalic acid determination. It has been applied to the determination of micro amounts of oxalate in real urine samples with satisfactory results.展开更多
The associations of each of midecamycin and chloroquine phosphate to hydrogen peroxide were studied by using linear-potential scan polarography. In a 0.15 mol/L KH 2PO 4-NaOH(pH 7.4) buffer, the association ratio of...The associations of each of midecamycin and chloroquine phosphate to hydrogen peroxide were studied by using linear-potential scan polarography. In a 0.15 mol/L KH 2PO 4-NaOH(pH 7.4) buffer, the association ratio of the association complex of midecamycin to hydrogen peroxide is 1∶1, and the apparent association constant is 7.18. While in a 0.04 mol/L NH 3·H 2O-NH 4Cl(pH 9.5) buffer, the association ratio and the apparent association constant of the association complex of chloroquine phosphate to hydrogen peroxide are 1∶1 and 45.4, respectively. The formation of the association complexes stabilizes H 2O 2 and results in the accumulation of H 2O 2, which is baneful to human body.展开更多
A new method of simultaneous determining Cu(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ), Mn(Ⅱ), Co(Ⅱ)and Ni(Ⅱ) with a single sweep polarography was developed. The experiment condition was studied and the results shou that the optimum base...A new method of simultaneous determining Cu(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ), Mn(Ⅱ), Co(Ⅱ)and Ni(Ⅱ) with a single sweep polarography was developed. The experiment condition was studied and the results shou that the optimum base solution is that the residue got from evaporating 25 mL mixed solution, 2.5 mL 1.0 mol/L ethylenediamine, 3.0 mL 1 .0 mol/L ammonia-ammonium chloride,5.0mL, 10 % sodium sulfite and 0.5 mL 0.5 % gelatin were mixed and diluted to 25 mL, with water.Under the condition of this base solution, the polarography wave shapes of the six cations are ideal and without overlap of the peaks. In this base solution, Cu(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ), Mn(Ⅱ). Co(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ)in synthetic samples were determined with relative errors 0.4-9.4 % and relative standard deviations 0.8%- 12.2%. Under this experiment condition, one fold of Pb(Ⅱ), Cr(Ⅵ) and Mo(Ⅵ ) do not interere with the determination for Cu(Ⅱ). This method has been used to the simultaneous determination of the amount of the six cations in the samples of soil and Beiqi Tea. The relative standard deviations were 0.1%-2.1 % and recoveries were 93.5%-99.0 %.展开更多
The determination of trace element Pb in electrolyte MnSO_4H_2SO_4 was studied with differential pulse po-larography. The trace Pb was originated from new type Pb-Ag-Ca alloy anode being used in preduction processof e...The determination of trace element Pb in electrolyte MnSO_4H_2SO_4 was studied with differential pulse po-larography. The trace Pb was originated from new type Pb-Ag-Ca alloy anode being used in preduction processof electrolytic MnO_2 (EMD). The KCl was added as background of electrolyte. The differential pulse polarco-gram obtained for Pb(Ⅱ) is well in peak contour and is easy to determination. The peak potential is -0. 44 V(vs Ag-AgCl potential , experimental valuel). The Pb content may be determined by standard addition methodwhich is simple , reliable and fast. This study presents some foundamental data for Pb-Ag-Ca anode (abbreviated to PAC anede). The consuming rate for PAC anode is evaluated as 4. 82% annually.展开更多
The second derivative differential pulse polarography was developed for the quantitative determination of active principles in medicinal herbs (baicalin in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, indigo in Baphicacanthus cusi...The second derivative differential pulse polarography was developed for the quantitative determination of active principles in medicinal herbs (baicalin in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, indigo in Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Bremek, paeonol in Paeonia suffruticosa Andr and piperine in Piper longum L ) The C O group in baicalin, indigo, paeonol and piperine could be reduced to CH OH in acidic solution at the dropping mercury electrode, and showed very good second derivative differential pulse polarographic peak at 1 550V, 1 300V, 1 630V and 0 860V (vs Ag/AgCl) respectively The linear relationship between concentration of baicalin, indigo, paeonol, piperine and peak height was obtained in the concentration range of 4 5×10 5 ～ 2 7×10 4 mol·L 1 , 3 8×10 5 ～ 4 2×10 4 mol·L 1 , 1 0～6 0×10 4 mol·L 1 and 7 0×10 5 ～2 5×10 4 mol·L 1 and the determination limits were 9 0×10 8 mol·L 1 , 8 4×10 9 mol·L 1 , 9 2×10 9 mol·L 1 and 8 7×10 9 mol·L 1 respectively This method is simple, rapid and sensitive, and the results are accurate展开更多
Vitamin B12 is a type of vitamin also known by the name cobalamin. B12 is involved in many metabolism activities, including DNA synthesis, nervous system, red blood formation and immune system. Therefore, we chose the...Vitamin B12 is a type of vitamin also known by the name cobalamin. B12 is involved in many metabolism activities, including DNA synthesis, nervous system, red blood formation and immune system. Therefore, we chose the Differential Pulse Polarography (DPP) method is that has a high sensitivity for the determination of vitamin B12. This determination was possible with cobalt present in vitamin B12 structure. Since Co(III) is formed from the oxidation of the vitamin, its polarographic behavior had to be determined in various electrolytes such as acetate, borate, phosphate and ammonia. The polarograms of Co(III) were taken in these electrolytes in which 1.0 M NH3/ (pH = 9.8) and 1.0 M AcOH/AcO- (pH = 4.0) were found as the most suitable electrolytes. This method was successfully applied vitamin of B12 determination in a 1 mL ampoule with high precision. The LOD was found as 3.7 × 10-7 for instead of (S/N = 3). Besides Co(III), interference effects of Zn(II), Ni(II), Cr(III), Fe(III), Cu(II), Cd(II) and Se(IV) were also studied. It was found that only Zn(II) peak had an overlap Co(III) peak in ammonium buffer. This problem could be solved by working in 1.0 M AcOH/AcO- (pH = 4.0) buffer. B12, which is 1000 μg in 1 mL vitamin ampoule, was found for 4 measurements as 999 ± 15 μg as a result of 95% confidence interval.展开更多
The formulas of current of first and second derivative of differential pulse polarography (DPP) which has been deduced in this paper indicate that derivative may be enhance the sensitivity of DPP. By the analogy/data ...The formulas of current of first and second derivative of differential pulse polarography (DPP) which has been deduced in this paper indicate that derivative may be enhance the sensitivity of DPP. By the analogy/data transformation, smoothing, and numerical differentiation,we can obtain the derivative current of DPP.展开更多
文摘The cadmium（Ⅱ）-glycine system was studied by the two experimental techniques, ion sensitive electrode （ISE） and differential pulse polarography （DPP）, and the experimental data obtained were used by a unified mathematical treatment to calculate the complex stability constants. The combination of the two techniques is of many advantages as ISE can be performed at low [LT]：[MT] ratios and significantly higher [MT], whereas DPP could be used well at large [LT]：[MT] ratios and much smaller [MT]. This makes it possible to study a metal-ligand system in a relatively broader range of experimental conditions that, in turn, provides more information about the metakligand system of interest. Applying the unified mathematical treatment to the cadmium-glycine system, two new complexes MHL and ML2（OH） as well as three complexes ML, ML2 and ML3, reported in literatures, could be modeled and all their stability constants have been refined.
文摘A second derivative polarographic wave of naphthalene is observed in 50% N, N-dimethylformamide and ammonia-ammonium chloride medium. The peak potential is about ?1.05 V (vs. SCE). The concentration of naphthalene is linear with peak current in the range of 5.00×10?6 mol/L to 5.00×10?4 mol/L, The detection limit is 2.00×10?6 mol/L. This method can be used to determine naphthalene content of the sample such as coal, mothball and asphaltic bitumen. The relative standard deviation (RSD) are in the range of 0.38%≈1.30%. The determined recoveries by adding known amounts of naphthalene to sample solution are in the range of 92%≈101%. This paper also study on the polarographic behavior of naphthalene.
文摘It was found that micro amounts of oxalate showed a very strong catalytic effect on the slow reaction between K 2Cr 2O 7 and Orange Ⅳ in a diluted sulfuric acid medium in a water bath at 70 ℃ . Orange Ⅳ exhibited a sensitive second order derivative polarographic wave at -0 50 V( vs . SCE). This provides the basis for a sensitive and selective catalytic kinetic method for oxalate determination with second order derivative oscillopolarography. The effects of sulphuric acid, K 2Cr 2O 7, and orange Ⅳ concentrations, reaction temperature and reaction time were investigated. A calibration curve of oxalate in the range of 0 1-2 0 μg/mL was obtained by the fixed time procedure. The detection limit was 0 03 μg/ mL. The possible interference from co existing substances or ions was examined. The new method has a high sensitivity and a good selectivity compared to other existing methods for oxalic acid determination. It has been applied to the determination of micro amounts of oxalate in real urine samples with satisfactory results.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of P.R.China(No.2 0 4 75 0 4 3) and the Natural Science Foun-dation of Shaanxi Province(No.2 0 0 2 B0 1)
文摘The associations of each of midecamycin and chloroquine phosphate to hydrogen peroxide were studied by using linear-potential scan polarography. In a 0.15 mol/L KH 2PO 4-NaOH(pH 7.4) buffer, the association ratio of the association complex of midecamycin to hydrogen peroxide is 1∶1, and the apparent association constant is 7.18. While in a 0.04 mol/L NH 3·H 2O-NH 4Cl(pH 9.5) buffer, the association ratio and the apparent association constant of the association complex of chloroquine phosphate to hydrogen peroxide are 1∶1 and 45.4, respectively. The formation of the association complexes stabilizes H 2O 2 and results in the accumulation of H 2O 2, which is baneful to human body.
文摘A new method of simultaneous determining Cu(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ), Mn(Ⅱ), Co(Ⅱ)and Ni(Ⅱ) with a single sweep polarography was developed. The experiment condition was studied and the results shou that the optimum base solution is that the residue got from evaporating 25 mL mixed solution, 2.5 mL 1.0 mol/L ethylenediamine, 3.0 mL 1 .0 mol/L ammonia-ammonium chloride,5.0mL, 10 % sodium sulfite and 0.5 mL 0.5 % gelatin were mixed and diluted to 25 mL, with water.Under the condition of this base solution, the polarography wave shapes of the six cations are ideal and without overlap of the peaks. In this base solution, Cu(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ), Mn(Ⅱ). Co(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ)in synthetic samples were determined with relative errors 0.4-9.4 % and relative standard deviations 0.8%- 12.2%. Under this experiment condition, one fold of Pb(Ⅱ), Cr(Ⅵ) and Mo(Ⅵ ) do not interere with the determination for Cu(Ⅱ). This method has been used to the simultaneous determination of the amount of the six cations in the samples of soil and Beiqi Tea. The relative standard deviations were 0.1%-2.1 % and recoveries were 93.5%-99.0 %.
文摘The determination of trace element Pb in electrolyte MnSO_4H_2SO_4 was studied with differential pulse po-larography. The trace Pb was originated from new type Pb-Ag-Ca alloy anode being used in preduction processof electrolytic MnO_2 (EMD). The KCl was added as background of electrolyte. The differential pulse polarco-gram obtained for Pb(Ⅱ) is well in peak contour and is easy to determination. The peak potential is -0. 44 V(vs Ag-AgCl potential , experimental valuel). The Pb content may be determined by standard addition methodwhich is simple , reliable and fast. This study presents some foundamental data for Pb-Ag-Ca anode (abbreviated to PAC anede). The consuming rate for PAC anode is evaluated as 4. 82% annually.
文摘The second derivative differential pulse polarography was developed for the quantitative determination of active principles in medicinal herbs (baicalin in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, indigo in Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Bremek, paeonol in Paeonia suffruticosa Andr and piperine in Piper longum L ) The C O group in baicalin, indigo, paeonol and piperine could be reduced to CH OH in acidic solution at the dropping mercury electrode, and showed very good second derivative differential pulse polarographic peak at 1 550V, 1 300V, 1 630V and 0 860V (vs Ag/AgCl) respectively The linear relationship between concentration of baicalin, indigo, paeonol, piperine and peak height was obtained in the concentration range of 4 5×10 5 ～ 2 7×10 4 mol·L 1 , 3 8×10 5 ～ 4 2×10 4 mol·L 1 , 1 0～6 0×10 4 mol·L 1 and 7 0×10 5 ～2 5×10 4 mol·L 1 and the determination limits were 9 0×10 8 mol·L 1 , 8 4×10 9 mol·L 1 , 9 2×10 9 mol·L 1 and 8 7×10 9 mol·L 1 respectively This method is simple, rapid and sensitive, and the results are accurate
基金the Gazi University research fund for the financial support of this research.
文摘Vitamin B12 is a type of vitamin also known by the name cobalamin. B12 is involved in many metabolism activities, including DNA synthesis, nervous system, red blood formation and immune system. Therefore, we chose the Differential Pulse Polarography (DPP) method is that has a high sensitivity for the determination of vitamin B12. This determination was possible with cobalt present in vitamin B12 structure. Since Co(III) is formed from the oxidation of the vitamin, its polarographic behavior had to be determined in various electrolytes such as acetate, borate, phosphate and ammonia. The polarograms of Co(III) were taken in these electrolytes in which 1.0 M NH3/ (pH = 9.8) and 1.0 M AcOH/AcO- (pH = 4.0) were found as the most suitable electrolytes. This method was successfully applied vitamin of B12 determination in a 1 mL ampoule with high precision. The LOD was found as 3.7 × 10-7 for instead of (S/N = 3). Besides Co(III), interference effects of Zn(II), Ni(II), Cr(III), Fe(III), Cu(II), Cd(II) and Se(IV) were also studied. It was found that only Zn(II) peak had an overlap Co(III) peak in ammonium buffer. This problem could be solved by working in 1.0 M AcOH/AcO- (pH = 4.0) buffer. B12, which is 1000 μg in 1 mL vitamin ampoule, was found for 4 measurements as 999 ± 15 μg as a result of 95% confidence interval.
文摘The formulas of current of first and second derivative of differential pulse polarography (DPP) which has been deduced in this paper indicate that derivative may be enhance the sensitivity of DPP. By the analogy/data transformation, smoothing, and numerical differentiation,we can obtain the derivative current of DPP.
