LSTDA: Link Stability and Transmission Delay Aware Routing Mechanism for Flying Ad-Hoc Network (FANET)

The paper presents a new protocol called Link Stability and Transmission Delay Aware(LSTDA)for Flying Adhoc Network(FANET)with a focus on network corridors(NC).FANET consists of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)that face challenges in avoiding transmission loss and delay while ensuring stable communication.The proposed protocol introduces a novel link stability with network corridors priority node selection to check and ensure fair communication in the entire network.The protocol uses a Red-Black(R-B)tree to achieve maximum channel utilization and an advanced relay approach.The paper evaluates LSTDA in terms of End-to-End Delay(E2ED),Packet Delivery Ratio(PDR),Network Lifetime(NLT),and Transmission Loss(TL),and compares it with existing methods such as Link Stability Estimation-based Routing(LEPR),Distributed Priority Tree-based Routing(DPTR),and Delay and Link Stability Aware(DLSA)using MATLAB simulations.The results show that LSTDA outperforms the other protocols,with lower average delay,higher average PDR,longer average NLT,and comparable average TL.

Improved AODV Routing Protocol Based on Link Stability and Channel Switching

Ad hoc on-demand distance vector( AODV) routing is one of the typical reactive routing protocols of vehicular ad hoc networks( VANET). Considering link stability and channel switching can greatly improve the QoS of protocols,in this paper,we propose a novel routing protocol: optimized cross-layer AODV( CL_ AODV) designed for VANET. It utilizes the frame transmission efficiency( FTE),path bandwidth in media access control( MAC) layer and signal-to-noise ratio( SNIR) in physical( PHY) layer to improve the link stability. In other words,it can increase packet delivery ratio effectively. In addition,end-to-end delay will be decreased based on the channel switching. According to the simulation,it is shown that the packet delivery ratio of CL_AODV is almost up to 99% and the highest compared to AODV and muti-constrained QoS AODV( MQ_ AODV). The delay of CL_AODV is almost half of MQ_ AODV's and 1 /3 of AODV's.Meanwhile,CL_AODV has the highest routing overhead or energy consuming. Because of the feature of VANET,the disadvantage can be ignored.

Energy and Bandwidth Based Link Stability Routing Algorithm for IoT

Internet of Things(IoT)is becoming popular nowadays for collecting and sharing the data from the nodes and among the nodes using internet links.Particularly,some of the nodes in IoT are mobile and dynamic in nature.Hence maintaining the link among the nodes,efficient bandwidth of the links among the mobile nodes with increased life time is a big challenge in IoT as it integrates mobile nodes with static nodes for data processing.In such networks,many routing-problems arise due to difficulties in energy and bandwidth based quality of service.Due to the mobility and finite nature of the nodes,transmission links between intermediary nodes may fail frequently,thus affecting the routing-performance of the network and the accessibility of the nodes.The existing protocols do not focus on the transmission links and energy,bandwidth and link stability of the nodes,but node links are significant factors for enhancing the quality of the routing.Link stability helps us to define whether the node is within or out of a coverage range.This paper proposed an Optimal Energy and bandwidth based Link Stability Routing(OEBLS)algorithm,to improve the link stable route with minimized error rate and throughput.In this paper,the optimal route from the source to the sink is determined based on the energy and bandwidth,link stability value.Among the existing routes,the sink node will choose the optimal route which is having less link stability value.Highly stable link is determined by evaluating link stability value using distance and velocity.Residual-energy of the node is estimated using the current energy and the consumed energy.Consumed energy is estimated using transmitted power and the received power.Available bandwidth in the link is estimated using the idle time and channel capacity with the consideration of probability of collision.

Energy-Aware Traffic Routing with Named Data Networking

Greening Internet is an important issue now, which studies the way to reduce the increas- ing energy expenditure. Our work focuses on the network infrastructure and considers its energy awareness in traffic routing. We formulate the model by traffic engineering to achieve link rate a- daption, and also predict traffic matrices to pre- serve network stability. However, we realize that there is a tradeoff between network performance and energy efficiency, which is an obvious issue as Internet grows larger and larger. An essential cause is the huge traffic, and thus we try to fred its so- lution from a novel architecture called Named Data Networking （NDN） which tent in edge routers and can flexibly cache con- decrease the backbone traffic. We combine our methods with NDN, and finally improve both the network performance and the energy efficiency. Our work shows that it is effective, necessary and feasible to consider green- ing idea in the design of future Internet.

Miniemulsion Cross-linking:A Convenient Route to Hollow Polymeric Nanocapsule with a Liquid Core

Miniemulsion stabilized by poly（2-（dimethylamino） ethyl methacrylate）-block-poly（butyl methylacrylate）（PDMAEMA-b-PBMA） diblock copolymers has been used as liquid templates for the synthesis of polymer nanocapsules via quaternization cross-linking of PDMAEMA segments of the copolymer by 1,2-bis（2-iodoethoxy）ethane（BIEE） crosslinkers. PDMAEMA-b-PBMAs here as a stabilizer in miniemulsion with different molecular weights led to a size variation in diameters of nanocapsules, demonstrating the capsules have potential design capability of this technique. The solution behavior of the capsules has been also investigated in this paper.