Effects of Alcohol and Liquid Paraffin on Development of Early Mouse Embryos in vitro

In culturing early mouse embryos in vitro,liquid paraffin and alcohol exert deleterious influence on the development of embryos. Some of light liquid paraffin produced by Chinese factories have proved harmful for early mouse embryos. As shown by our experiments, the nitronaphthalene contained and the specific gravity of liquid paraffin were not involved in the injurious effects.However,alcohol mingled in medium had harmful effects on the development of embryos. At the 0.1% concentration of alcohol in medium the proportion of embryos developing to blastocysts decreased to 73.9%. When the concentration of alcohol was increased to 0.8%, all embryos ceased developing. In our experiments, CO_2 which contained 0.13% alcohol had no visible effects on the development of embrvos in vitro.

PREPARATION OF MICROPOROUS ULTRA HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYETHYLENE (UHMWPE) BY THERMALLY INDUCED PHASE SEPARATION OF A UHMWPE/LIQUID PARAFFIN MIXTURE

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with a microporous structure was prepared via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS).Liquid paraffin (LP) was used as a diluent in the preparation of microporous UHMWPE. Small angle laser light scattering (SALLS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to determine the phase separation temperatures,i.e.the cloud points and the dynamic crystallization temperatures,respectively.It was found that the cloudI points were coincident with the cryst...

Effect of Biodiesel Soot on Tribological Behavior of Liquid Paraffin

Biodiesel soot （BDS） was collected from the combustion of biodiesel using a self-made soot trap. The effect of BDS on the txibological behavior of liquid paraffin （LP） was investigated using a four-ball txibometer. A rotating viscometer was used to investigate the effect of BDS on the viscosity of LE The morphology, composition, and tribological mechanism of BDS were studied by means of FETEM, XRD, XPS, SEM/EDS, and the 3D laser scanning microscopy. Test results showed that the BDS aggregates were chain-like, and the average diameter of BDS was 35 nm. The BDS existed in the form of graphitic layers and amorphous carbon. The oxygen-containing functional groups in BDS consisted of the （C-O-C） and （C-O-H）. With an increasing BDS content, the dynamic viscosity of LP increased and the maximum non-seizure load increased initially and became stable later. In addition, the average wear scar diameter （AWSD） of LP increased and the average friction coefficient of LP decreased at first and then increased later. The tribological mechanisms could be ascribed to the variation in content of BDS： BDS could act as a friction modifier for a lower friction coefficient in case of low BDS content. However, the BDS aggregates could lead to increase of abrasive wear to influence the lubricating oil film at higher content of BDS, which would reduce the friction reduction ability and wear resistance of LP.

Novel Approach for Improved Tribological Behavior of Biodiesel Soot in Liquid Paraffin

To improve the tribological behavior of biodiesel soot(BDS) in liquid paraffin(LP), the order of biodiesel soot was increased through thermally oxidized treatment at 500 ℃, and the oil solubility was then improved through a modification using oleylamine(OLA). The BDS and thermally oxidized oleylamine-modified BDS(T-BDS-OLA)were characterized through various methods including the use of TG, FETEM, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, and a zeta potentiometer. The tribological properties and mechanisms of the BDS before and after the thermally oxidized treatment modification were investigated using a ball-on-disc reciprocating tribometer, FESEM, 3 D laser-scanning microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that T-BDS-OLA has a higher degree of order than the BDS, with an onion-like microstructure. BDS and T-BDS-OLA can both improve the antifriction and antiwear properties of LP at a soot content of 0.1%-0.4%, while T-BDS-OLA in LP shows better antifriction and antiwear properties than BDS. The tribological mechanisms can be attributed to both types of soot acting as spacing and roll bearing between the friction surfaces. In addition, the exfoliated graphitic sheets from T-BDS-OLA can form a carbon lubrication layer providing easy sliding.

A Comparative Trial: The Safety and Clinical Efficacy of PEG 3350 and Liquid Paraffin in Management of Chronic Functional Constipation in Children

Background: Constipation is one of the most common problems in the pediatric age group. In the vast majority, chronic constipation is idiopathic or functional. In addition to education and behavioral changes, disimpaction and maintenance treatment with medications are the main pillars of successful outcome. The medications are variably effective and have potential side effects. Objectives: The current clinical trial was designed to evaluate clinical efficacy of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350 and liquid paraffin in chronic functional constipation. Besides, subjects were followed carefully for the side effects. Material and Methods: This study was involved 110 children suffering from chronic functional constipation. They were placed into two different groups, randomly. Each group was treated with PEG 3350 or liquid paraffin. The clinical efficacy and side effects were monitored. Results: After disimpaction with bisacodyl suppositories or combined with Mineral oil enemas in hard fecal impaction, maintenance therapy with PEG 3350 or liquid paraffin was started. The treatment duration and efficacies were not different between the two groups. Furthermore, serious adverse drug reaction was not observed. The family history of constipation and presence of incontinence were two worse prognostic factors. Conclusion: No difference was observed between PEG 3350 and liquid paraffin in chronic functional constipation in children in terms of their efficacies. They are safe and effective medications in this age group.

Emulsifying Properties of Raffia hookeri Gum and Its Blends with Tween 80 in Pharmaceutical Liquid Paraffin Emulsion

Researches have shown that Raphia hookeri gum could be used as a binder in pharmaceutical formulations and gums in general have been used as emulsifiers in liquid paraffin emulsion but nothing has been heard of Raphia hookeri in liquid paraffin emulsion as an emulsifier.This work was aimed at evaluating the emulsifying properties of Raphia gum in liquid paraffin emulsion.Two separate preparations containing different concentrations(1,2,3,5 and 10%w/v)of Raphia gum and acacia gum respectively were prepared.Five liquid paraffin emulsions(200 mL each)were also prepared using 60 mL liquid paraffin as the oil phase and 6 g of the various combinations of Raphia gum and Tween 80 as emulsifier blend at ratio 1:5,1:2,1:1,2:1 and 5:1.The preparations were assessed using density,viscosity and stability after 5 days of storage as evaluation parameters.By increasing the concentration of Raphia and Acacia gum,the density of emulsion formed increased.The ranking of the density was 10%>5%>3%>2%>1%.The viscosity of emulsion increased as the concentration of the gum increased.The viscosity which plays a role in the stability of emulsion increased as the concentration of gum increased.The ranking of viscosity was 10%>5%>3%>2%>1%.The stability of the emulsion was measured by the level of creaming and cracking.Emulsion containing 2%w/v of Raphia gum with a creaming index of 23%was more stable compared to the emulsion containing 3%w/v acacia gum with creaming index of 29.9%.The viscosity and stability of emulsion containing emulsifier blends of Raphia and Tween 80 increased with increase in the concentration of Raphia gum.Emulsion containing 3%w/v Raphia gum with no creaming was more stable than emulsion containing 1%w/v emulsifier blend.Raphia gum is suitable for use at a concentration of 2%w/v as an emulsifier in 50 mL of liquid paraffin emulsion competing alternatively to standard acacia gum for emulsification as against Afzelia africana in our previous research which was suitable for use at a concentration of 3%w/v as an emulsifier in 30%v/v liquid paraffin emulsion.

涂布液体石蜡对植物纤维基地膜纸的影响

以漂白针叶木浆为纤维原料,在打浆度为89°SR,助剂聚酰胺多胺环氧氯丙烷(PAE)、烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)、阳离子淀粉添加量分别为2.0%、0.4%、1.0%(相对绝干浆质量)的条件下,制备定量为(40±2)g/m^(2)的涂布原纸,然后通过表面涂布液体石蜡制备植物纤维基地膜纸,提高地膜纸的透光率、抗水性,降低透气度。结果表明:液体石蜡的最佳涂布量为7 g/m^(2),涂布后样品的定量为48.16 g/m^(2),干抗张指数为70.91 N·m/g,撕裂指数为5.99 mN·m^(2)/g,耐破指数为5.12 kPa·m^(2)/g,透光率为82.82%,透气度为0.0030μm/Pa·s,300 s之后的可勃值为15.8 g/m^(2);在水中浸泡12 h后,涂布后样品的湿强度比未涂布样品提高14.34%。

层状润滑涂层的制备及防冰性能

[目的]防结冰是目前风力发电机设备领域亟待解决的问题。[方法]以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)、液体石蜡和Fe3O4为主要原料,采用旋涂法在普通玻璃表面制备了层状润滑涂层,研究了它的表面稳定性和防冰性能。[结果]这种层状润滑涂层在70℃高温蒸发或水流冲击7 d后,润滑液的质量损失仅为3%左右。在15次重复结冰实验中,旋涂10层所得涂层表面的冰附着强度只从2.41 kPa增大到3.55 kPa。水滴在该涂层表面凝结的时间为363 s,比普通玻璃表面的结冰时间(40 s)长得多。[结论]该层状润滑涂层具有优良的表面稳定性及抗冰耐久性。

短链氯化石蜡对人体正常肝细胞的代谢干扰

短链氯化石蜡(SCCPs)是一类新兴的持久性有机污染物,广泛存在于环境基质和人体样本中。SCCPs具有环境持久性以及远距离迁移能力,能够在生物体内积累并具有广泛的生物毒性效应,威胁着人类健康。本研究采用代谢组学方法评估了低剂量组(1μg/L)、中剂量组(10μg/L)以及高剂量组(100μg/L)的SCCPs暴露对人体正常肝细胞L02的代谢干扰。主成分分析(PCA)与代谢扰乱水平指数(MELI)计算结果表明3个剂量组的SCCPs均能够引起L02细胞代谢活动的紊乱。在3个暴露组中,72个差异代谢物经二级质谱图信息定性或标准品验证。其中,1μg/L SCCPs暴露组与10μg/L SCCPs暴露组、100μg/L SCCPs暴露组分别有33个、36个相同的差异代谢物。10μg/L SCCPs暴露组与100μg/L SCCPs暴露组有46个相同的差异代谢物。3个暴露组有33个相同的差异代谢物。在72个经二级质谱图信息定性或标准品验证的差异代谢物中,参与氨基酸代谢、核苷酸代谢和脂质代谢通路的差异代谢物分别有9、9以及45个。富集通路分析结果表明:SCCPs对L02细胞的代谢干扰主要表现在脂质代谢、脂肪酸β氧化以及核苷酸代谢通路上,且中、高剂量的SCCPs暴露引起更广泛的代谢通路的紊乱。SCCPs暴露干扰了甘油磷脂以及鞘脂类的代谢通路,其中,磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺以及鞘磷脂丰度的显著变化表明SCCPs暴露对细胞的生物膜有一定的损伤。同时,SCCPs暴露通过降低短链和中链酰基肉碱的含量抑制L02细胞中脂肪酸β氧化,提示细胞通过氧化脂肪酸供能减少。值得注意的是,与中剂量和低剂量SCCPs相比,高剂量的SCCPs暴露对脂肪酸β氧化的抑制作用更强。此外,SCCPs暴露诱导了核苷酸代谢通路的紊乱。次黄嘌呤水平显著升高提示SCCPs暴露可能诱导了L02细胞的缺氧、活性氧增多或者致癌等相关不良效应。

气相色谱法定量检测注射用微球凝胶中的液体石蜡残留

液体石蜡是从石油中提取的较重烷烃的混合物,常被用作油相制备微球。但液体石蜡的体内使用可能会对人体健康产生影响。为了简单快捷地检测微球凝胶中的液体石蜡残留,对微球凝胶中的液体石蜡残留提取方法进行了优化,然后使用气相色谱-火焰离子检测器(GC-FID)检测微球凝胶中的液体石蜡残留。通过正交试验确定了凝胶中液体石蜡提取的最佳条件,使用索式提取器及石油醚在50℃条件下对微球凝胶样品进行精馏处理3 h,再用0.4 mol/L的氢氧化钾-甲醇溶液及正己烷提取凝胶中的液体石蜡,取上层液用0.22μm滤膜过滤后备用。检测选用HP-5色谱柱(30 m×0.320 mm×0.25μm),标准品配制成质量浓度0,10,30,80,90,100μg/mL。检测过程中标准品及样品分峰状态良好,标准曲线R2>0.99。方法检出限和定量限分别为2.71和8.21μg/mL。在24 h内,样品中液体石蜡测得含量结果较为稳定。样品加标回收率在85.21%~92.10%,相对标准偏差在0.94%~3.31%。该方法操作简单快捷,能够定量检测凝胶中液体石蜡残留。

高效液相色谱-气相色谱法测定涂渍大米中石蜡含量

基于高效液相色谱-气相色谱法(HPLC-GC)建立一种涂渍大米中石蜡的定量测定方法。涂渍在大米上的石蜡经正己烷提取、氮吹浓缩,HPLC-GC测定,内标法定量。结果表明:涂渍在大米上的石蜡含量在0.5~5.0 mg/kg范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.05 mg/kg;不同添加水平下,涂渍大米中石蜡的平均回收率为89.79%~108.80%,日内相对标准偏差为0.34%~7.86%,日间相对标准偏差为1.60%~8.90%,表现出简单、快速,灵敏度高、重现性好的特性。

涂膜保鲜对食用鲜木薯品质的影响

为了提高食用鲜木薯在贮藏期间的质量,研究海藻酸钠、壳聚糖和液体石蜡涂膜剂处理对鲜木薯常温下的贮藏保鲜效果的影响,探讨鲜木薯在贮藏过程中水分含量、淀粉含量、还原糖含量、呼吸强度、失重率和腐烂率的变化规律。结果表明:在常温条件下,和空白组相比3种涂膜剂均能减缓鲜木薯在贮藏期间的品质变化。3种涂膜剂中,液体石蜡的保鲜效果最佳,能明显抑制鲜木薯呼吸作用、水分的散失、淀粉的水解和还原糖的产生,减缓鲜木薯失重和腐烂。

液体石蜡体系中含铜物种的化学变化

针对完全液相法制备的Cu-Zn-Al催化剂在还原前就有低价态Cu存在的问题,考察了几种不同类型的含铜物质在液体石蜡中热处理时,热处理气氛、催化剂各组分间的相互作用以及铜源种类对热处理产物的影响。结果表明,液体石蜡在受热情况下能将Cu2+还原,并且遵循先生成Cu+,再生成单质Cu的逐级还原;Cu2+被还原的程度与铜盐的种类和热处理温度有关。CuO在240℃时可以被液体石蜡还原为Cu2O,在300℃时被还原为单质Cu;在相同温度下,硝酸铜比乙酸铜更容易被液体石蜡还原。完全液相法制备的Cu基催化剂在还原前就有低价态Cu存在的根本原因是液体石蜡的存在。

可生物降解润滑油添加剂的合成与摩擦学性能研究

设计合成了苯并三氮唑磷酸酯衍生物。利用红外光谱表征其分子结构。考察苯并三氮唑磷酸酯衍生物作为润滑油添加剂在液体石蜡中的摩擦学和生物降解性能,并探讨其摩擦学和促进润滑油生物降解的作用机制。结果表明,苯并三氮唑磷酸酯在液体石蜡中有良好的承载力和减摩抗磨性能,并能显著提高基础油的生物降解性能,是一种潜在的环境友好润滑添加剂。

烷醇酰胺类表面活性剂对润滑油生物降解性影响

用液体石蜡模拟润滑油,采用生物降解试验研究了月桂酸二乙醇酰胺(LDEA)和油酸二乙醇酰胺(ODEA)对液体石蜡生物降解性的影响,采用比浊法测定OD值并结合表面张力变化,分析添加剂促进液体石蜡生物降解机制。结果表明,在液体石蜡中添加LEDA和ODEA培养12 d,生物降解指数从38.78%分别提高到61.67%和65.66%,这是因为烷醇酰胺类物质降低了油-水界面张力,增大了微生物与油的接触面积,同时增加了微生物营养,共同促进液体石蜡生物降解。

医用液体石蜡油的物性数据测定及估算

实验测定了医用液体石蜡油的物性数据，其中包括密度、粘度、表面张力、比热、导热系数，并进行了回归计算。

液体石蜡乳液制备及其性能研究

利用高速搅拌和超声乳化法,制备了液体石蜡乳液。研究了表面活性剂的组成、用量和温度等因素对乳液性能的影响。结果表明:添加0.5%的油酸钠和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵混合表面活性剂制备的乳液为O/W型,乳液久置不分层,稀释分散性为一级,无漂油现象,稳定性良好。乳液的表面张力平均值为24.50mN/m,D50平均粒径为1.56μm。

一种土壤孔隙率(比)的测定方法

测量土壤孔隙率（比）有经验计算法、水银压入法和图像处理法等,但都有一定的局限性。通过摸索,利用液体石蜡不具有极性的性质,且廉价无污染,提出了一种简单易行的室内测定土壤孔隙率（比）的试验方法,与目前方法相比,具有成本低,无需特殊设备等优点,有相当的实用性。

增塑增韧聚丙烯的制备及其性能研究

以液体石蜡作为聚丙烯(PP)的增塑剂,首先将纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)预先分散于液体石蜡中制成纳米溶胶,然后采用双螺杆挤出机将此溶胶与PP熔融共混制备了增塑增韧PP复合材料,研究了液体石蜡和纳米SiO2对PP力学性能和结晶性能的影响。结果表明,经过液体石蜡增塑后,PP的冲击强度可提高90%;再经过纳米SiO2增韧后,其冲击强度可进一步提高100%;液体石蜡能够提高PP的结晶度,纳米SiO2能够减小PP的球晶尺寸。

1-H苯并三氮唑乙酸酯的合成、表征及其摩擦学性能

苯并三氮唑具有良好的摩擦学性能,但在矿物油中的溶解性较差。为提高其在矿物油中的溶解性,采用1-H苯并三氮唑与氯乙酸酯进行取代反应,合成了3种1-H苯并三氮唑乙酸酯新型润滑油添加剂,用IR、UV1、H NMR1、3C NMR、MS和元素分析对其结构进行了分析表征,确证了其结构。利用四球试验机考察了其在液体石蜡中的最大无卡咬负荷值。结果表明:合成的3种化合物均能溶于大部分有机溶剂而难溶于水;热失重分析结果表明,第一分解温度均高于218℃,能适应一般工况条件的要求;3种化合物在液体石蜡中有良好的极压抗磨作用,最大无卡咬负荷值可达862 N,与二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)相当。