A rotating packed bed(RPB) reactor has substantially potential for the process intensification of heterogeneous catalytic reactions. However, the scarce knowledge of the liquid–solid mass transfer in the RPB reactor ...A rotating packed bed(RPB) reactor has substantially potential for the process intensification of heterogeneous catalytic reactions. However, the scarce knowledge of the liquid–solid mass transfer in the RPB reactor is a barrier for its design and scale-up. In this work, the liquid–solid mass transfer in a RPB reactor installed with structured foam packing was experimentally studied using copper dissolution by potassium dichromate. Effects of rotational speed, liquid and gas volumetric flow rate on the liquid–solid mass transfer coefficient(kLS) have been investigated. The correlation for predicting kLSwas proposed, and the deviation between the experimental and predicted values was within±12%. The liquid–solid volumetric mass transfer coefficient(kLSaLS) ranged from 0.04–0.14 1^-1, which was approximately 5 times larger than that in the packed bed reactor. This work lays the foundation for modeling of the RPB reactor packed with structured foam packing for heterogeneous catalytic reaction.展开更多
Gas-liquid (G-L) and liquid-solid (L-S) mass transfer coefficients were characterized in a gas-liquid-solid (G-L-S) three-phase magnetically stabilized bed (MSB) using amorphous alloy SRNA-4 as the solid phase. Effect...Gas-liquid (G-L) and liquid-solid (L-S) mass transfer coefficients were characterized in a gas-liquid-solid (G-L-S) three-phase magnetically stabilized bed (MSB) using amorphous alloy SRNA-4 as the solid phase. Effects such as superficial liquid velocity, superficial gas velocity, magnetic strength, liquid viscosity, and particle size were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the G-L volumetric mass transfer coefficients (KLa) increased along with the magnetic strength, superficial gas and liquid velocities. Proper increase of liquid viscosity promoted KLa only in the range of lower liquid viscosity. The external magnetic field made L-S mass transfer coefficients (Ks) in the G-L-S MSB lower than those of conventional fluidized beds. Ks in the MSB almost kept constant as the su- perficial liquid velocity and superficial gas velocity increased and decreased with the liquid viscosity and surface tension, while increased with the particle size Ks showed uniform axial and radial distributions except of small de- creases close to the wall. Dimensionless correlations were established to estimate KLa and Ks of the MSB with SRNA-4 catalysts , which showed the average error of 5.4% and 2.5% respectively.展开更多
The performance of an electrocatalyst, which is needed e.g. for key energy conversion reactions such as hydrogen evolution, oxygen reduction or CO2 reduction, is determined not only by the inherent structure of active...The performance of an electrocatalyst, which is needed e.g. for key energy conversion reactions such as hydrogen evolution, oxygen reduction or CO2 reduction, is determined not only by the inherent structure of active sites but also by the properties of the interfacial structures at catalytic surfaces. Ionic liquids（ILs）, as a unique class of metal salts with melting point below 100 ℃, present themselves as ideal modulators for manipulations of the interfacial structures. Due to their excellent properties such as good chemical stability, high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical windows and tunable solvent properties the performance of electrocatalysts can be substantially improved through ILs. In the current minireview, we highlight the critical role of the IL phase at the microenvironments created by the IL, the liquid electrolyte, catalytic nanoparticles and/or support materials, by detailing the promotional effect of IL in electrocatalysis as reaction media, binders, and surface modifiers. Updated exemplary applications of IL in electrocatalysis are given and moreover, the latest developments of IL modified electrocatalysts following the ＂Solid Catalyst with Ionic Liquid Layer（SCILL）＂ concept are presented.展开更多
在实验室提出的新型三相搅拌槽——自吸式龙卷流型搅拌槽中,采用六直叶圆盘涡轮桨进行三相混合性能的实验。从固液悬浮、气液分散和传质性能等方面对搅拌槽进行了研究,探讨了固相颗粒对气含率和传质性能的影响,得到了搅拌槽中不同性能...在实验室提出的新型三相搅拌槽——自吸式龙卷流型搅拌槽中,采用六直叶圆盘涡轮桨进行三相混合性能的实验。从固液悬浮、气液分散和传质性能等方面对搅拌槽进行了研究,探讨了固相颗粒对气含率和传质性能的影响,得到了搅拌槽中不同性能参数的变化规律。结果表明:自吸式龙卷流型搅拌槽作为一种新型的三相搅拌槽,能够获得良好的固液悬浮和气液分散效果;当搅拌槽内固相体积分率较低(φ<20%)时,可采用颗粒的壁面堆积高度作为完全悬浮状态的判定标准;固相颗粒的存在会使气含率明显降低,但对传质性能的影响较为复杂,φ<5%时的体积传氧系数K L a高于纯溶液,φ>5%时的K L a低于纯溶液,但都随固相体积分率的增加而降低。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21676009 and 21725601)。
文摘A rotating packed bed(RPB) reactor has substantially potential for the process intensification of heterogeneous catalytic reactions. However, the scarce knowledge of the liquid–solid mass transfer in the RPB reactor is a barrier for its design and scale-up. In this work, the liquid–solid mass transfer in a RPB reactor installed with structured foam packing was experimentally studied using copper dissolution by potassium dichromate. Effects of rotational speed, liquid and gas volumetric flow rate on the liquid–solid mass transfer coefficient(kLS) have been investigated. The correlation for predicting kLSwas proposed, and the deviation between the experimental and predicted values was within±12%. The liquid–solid volumetric mass transfer coefficient(kLSaLS) ranged from 0.04–0.14 1^-1, which was approximately 5 times larger than that in the packed bed reactor. This work lays the foundation for modeling of the RPB reactor packed with structured foam packing for heterogeneous catalytic reaction.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20206023, No.20676096)the Special Funds for MajorState Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2006CB202500)SINOPEC (X504029).
文摘Gas-liquid (G-L) and liquid-solid (L-S) mass transfer coefficients were characterized in a gas-liquid-solid (G-L-S) three-phase magnetically stabilized bed (MSB) using amorphous alloy SRNA-4 as the solid phase. Effects such as superficial liquid velocity, superficial gas velocity, magnetic strength, liquid viscosity, and particle size were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the G-L volumetric mass transfer coefficients (KLa) increased along with the magnetic strength, superficial gas and liquid velocities. Proper increase of liquid viscosity promoted KLa only in the range of lower liquid viscosity. The external magnetic field made L-S mass transfer coefficients (Ks) in the G-L-S MSB lower than those of conventional fluidized beds. Ks in the MSB almost kept constant as the su- perficial liquid velocity and superficial gas velocity increased and decreased with the liquid viscosity and surface tension, while increased with the particle size Ks showed uniform axial and radial distributions except of small de- creases close to the wall. Dimensionless correlations were established to estimate KLa and Ks of the MSB with SRNA-4 catalysts , which showed the average error of 5.4% and 2.5% respectively.
基金supported by the funding of the German Research Council (DFG), which, within the framework of its Excellence Initiative, supports the Cluster of Excellence “Engineering of Advanced Materials” (www.eam.uni-erlangen.de) at the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg
文摘The performance of an electrocatalyst, which is needed e.g. for key energy conversion reactions such as hydrogen evolution, oxygen reduction or CO2 reduction, is determined not only by the inherent structure of active sites but also by the properties of the interfacial structures at catalytic surfaces. Ionic liquids（ILs）, as a unique class of metal salts with melting point below 100 ℃, present themselves as ideal modulators for manipulations of the interfacial structures. Due to their excellent properties such as good chemical stability, high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical windows and tunable solvent properties the performance of electrocatalysts can be substantially improved through ILs. In the current minireview, we highlight the critical role of the IL phase at the microenvironments created by the IL, the liquid electrolyte, catalytic nanoparticles and/or support materials, by detailing the promotional effect of IL in electrocatalysis as reaction media, binders, and surface modifiers. Updated exemplary applications of IL in electrocatalysis are given and moreover, the latest developments of IL modified electrocatalysts following the ＂Solid Catalyst with Ionic Liquid Layer（SCILL）＂ concept are presented.
文摘在实验室提出的新型三相搅拌槽——自吸式龙卷流型搅拌槽中,采用六直叶圆盘涡轮桨进行三相混合性能的实验。从固液悬浮、气液分散和传质性能等方面对搅拌槽进行了研究,探讨了固相颗粒对气含率和传质性能的影响,得到了搅拌槽中不同性能参数的变化规律。结果表明:自吸式龙卷流型搅拌槽作为一种新型的三相搅拌槽,能够获得良好的固液悬浮和气液分散效果;当搅拌槽内固相体积分率较低(φ<20%)时,可采用颗粒的壁面堆积高度作为完全悬浮状态的判定标准;固相颗粒的存在会使气含率明显降低,但对传质性能的影响较为复杂,φ<5%时的体积传氧系数K L a高于纯溶液,φ>5%时的K L a低于纯溶液,但都随固相体积分率的增加而降低。
