Stability of columns with original defects under periodic transient loadings

To study the influence of original defects on the dynamic stability of the columns under periodic transient loadings,the approximate solution method and the Fourier method of the stable periodic solution are adopted while considering the influence of original defects on columns.The dynamic stability of the columns under periodic transient loadings is analyzed theoretically.Through the study of different deflections,the dynamic instability of the columns is obtained by Maple software.The results of theoretical analysis show that the larger the original defects,the greater the unstable area,the stable solution amplitude of columns and the risk of instability caused by parametric resonance will be.The damping of columns is a vital factor in reducing dynamic instability at the same original defects.On the basis of the Mathieu-Hill equation,the relationship between the original defects and deflection is deduced,and the dynamic instability region of the columns under different original defects is obtained.Therefore,reducing the original defects of columns can further enhance the dynamic stability of the compressed columns in practical engineering.

Study on Electromagnetic Transient Condition of EMU Passing by Phase-separation with Electric Load in High-speed Railway

Aiming at the complex electromagnetic transient process of EMU passing by phase-separation with electric load in high-speed railway, mechanism of overvoltage caused by switching off, overvoltage caused by switching on and impact current is analyzed systematically in this article. π-type equivalent circuit of feeding section is put forward in the analysis of overvoltage mechanism. Overvoltage and overcurrent model of passing by phase-separation with electric load are also built. Correctness of mechanism was validated by simulation. In addition, the methods to solve the influence on substations, transformers and protection devices in this process are put forward, which provides a new idea on passing by phase-separation with electric load technology.

Experimental study of transient thermal elastic hydrodynamic lubrication of tilted thrust bearing under sudden load changes

An experimental study is performed to investigate the temperature response and distribution in a sector tilted pad thrust bearing during the transient periods such as the load on the bearing changed abruptly.Lots of thermocouples are placed on different position such as the pad surface,leading and trailing edge as well as the pad block,and then these thermocouples are used to measure the temperature variation during the transient period.The load on one pad and the displacement of the runner are measured with different sensors.The effects of a sudden load change on temperature at different position of the pads are analyzed according to the experimental data.The influence of different initial conditions and the different load increment on temperature variation at the pad surface and pad body are obtained,and temperature responses at leading edge and trailing edge under different conditions are tested.This experimental study shows a significant effect of load increment and initial condition on the temperature distribution of bearing pad interface under sudden load change conditions,and the measurement of real oil film temperature is difficult due to the large thermal inertia of pad surface.

Time-domain solution for transient dynamic response of a large-diameter thin-walled pipe pile

The propagation of stress waves in a large-diameter pipe pile for low strain dynamic testing cannot be explained properly by traditional 1D wave theories. A new computational model is established to obtain a wave equation that can describe the dynamic response of a large-diameter thin-walled pipe pile to a transient point load during a low strain integrity test. An analytical solution in the time domain is deduced using the separation of variables and variation of constant methods. The validity of this new solution is verifi ed by an existing analytical solution under free boundary conditions. The results of this time domain solution are also compared with the results of a frequency domain solution and fi eld test data. The comparisons indicate that the new solution agrees well with the results of previous solutions. Parametric studies using the new solution with reference to a case study are also carried out. The results show that the mode number affects the accuracy of the dynamic response. A mode number greater than 10 is required to enable the calculated dynamic responses to be independent of the mode number. The dynamic response is also greatly affected by soil properties. The larger the side resistance, the smaller the displacement response and the smaller the refl ected velocity wave crest. The displacement increases as the stress waves propagate along the pile when the pile shaft is free. The incident waves of displacement and velocity responses of the pile are not the same among different points in the circumferential direction on the pile top. However, the arrival time and peak value of the pile tip refl ected waves are almost the same among different points on the pile top.

Determination of Effective Load Shedding Schemes in Electric Power Plants

The ability of power system to survive the transition from preloading state to the gradual increase in load and thereafter reach an acceptable operational condition is an indication of transient stability of the system. The study analyzed load shedding scheme through the use of empirical measurement tools and load-flow simulation techniques. It was geared towards determining effective load shedding strategies to reduce unnecessary overload in order to achieve dynamic stability of the electric power network in the Export Free Trade Zone, Calabar, Nigeria. From the tests and the measurements taken, it was observed that the real and reactive powers from the generator and the mechanical power from the turbine engine were stable when the load shedding controller was switched on, as compared to when it was off. The engine speed, the bus-bar frequency and the output voltage of the generator stabilized within a shorter time (about 8 seconds) when the controller was switched on than when it was on the off condition. Also, there were noticeable fluctuations in the speed of the remaining two generators. It became stable at about 12 seconds after the loss. The variations were 0.3 per cent of the nominal speed value. The excitation voltage fluctuated from 1.2 (pu) to 4.5 (pu) when the bus voltage dipped as a result of additional load. It then came down and stabilized at 1.8 (pu) after few swings. This confirmed that the stability of power system is much enhanced when load shedding controllers are effectively configured on the network.

Transient impact responses of laminated composite cylindrical shells

The generalized ray method(GRM) has been successfully used to study the transient elastic wave transmitting in the beams,planar trusses,space frames and infinite layered media.In this letter,the GRM is extended to investigate the early short time transient responses of laminated composite cylindrical shells under impact load.By using the Laplace transformation and referring to the boundary conditions,the ray groups transmitting in the finite laminated cylindrical shells under the shock load are obtained and the transient response related to each ray group can be derived via FFT algorithm.From the numerical results,it is shown that the early short time transient accelerations of the laminated composite cylindrical shell under impact loads are very large.But the short time transient shear strain and displacement are very small.

永磁直驱型风机海上风电送出系统不对称接地及甩负荷电磁暂态研究

为明确海上风电交流送出系统过电压的特征与水平,需考虑风电机组的故障穿越特性。该文结合永磁直驱风机变流器的控制原理,提出海上风电送出系统不对称接地过电压的解析计算方法。基于PSCAD对风电机组进行精确电磁暂态建模与故障电压穿越测试,以国内某500 kV大规模海上风电工程为背景,仿真计算送出系统不对称接地及甩负荷过电压。结果表明:系统不对称接地过电压大小与风机正负序控制策略有关;海缆电网侧甩负荷将产生持续百ms的1.3 pu以上的暂态过电压,风机过电压保护动作延时越长,暂态过电压越严重。实际海上风电工程计算需紧密联系风机控制保护策略及其参数,并综合关键设备耐压水平进行评估,通过风机控制策略优化可以降低系统过电压水平。

Transient Simulation on Dynamic Response of Liquid Annular Seals

Transient change of the operating parameters has a serious influence on the stability of liquid annular seals.Take the liquid annular seals as a research object,a numerical method based on six-degree-of-freedom(6DOF)to analyze the dynamic response of liquid annular seals under gravity impact load.The variations of the force of liquid seal and pressure as well as the axis trajectory in time history are investigated.The influence of different sealing clearance,different liquid viscosity and different rotor speed is also studied.The results show that the maximum sealing pressure and sealing force of gravity direction will increase greatly in a very short time and then reduce rapidly.When sealing clearance increases,the displacement response amplitudes of axis trajectory,the maximum sealing force of gravity direction and maximum sealing pressure also increase.When liquid viscosity increases,the displacement response amplitudes of axis trajectory,the maximum sealing force of gravity direction and maximum sealing pressure decrease.We also found that different rotor speed has almost no influence on the maximum sealing force of gravity direction and maximum sealing pressure.

The Impact of the Offshore Wind Farm Switching Transient Operation on Power System

In this paper, a practical method to establish Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based wind farm equivalent model for switching transient analysis is demonstrated. In order to verify this method, a 3.6MW equivalent wind farm model is built. The steady state results and load switching results are verified with those of detailed models of four 0.9MW generators. Using this method, a model of 40MW wind farm, representing the capacity for a proposed South Carolina offshore wind farm is established. To study large wind farm switching transient impacts on a system, different switching operations such as cable energizing and three phase faults at different locations in wind farm are investigated and their impact on system are analysed. Finally, conclusions based on the switching cases are presented.

MPS型磨煤机制粉系统动态模型与瞬态运行优化控制研究

为提升MPS型磨煤机制粉系统变出力过程关键参数的控制精度,该文建立并验证制粉系统动态模型,开展控制策略优化研究。在原逻辑基础上,提出考虑煤质水分信息的前馈磨煤机入口一次风温控制回路,以优化控制策略。开展煤质水分增加、给煤速率增加、磨煤机变出力等瞬态过程模拟研究,获得制粉系统关键参数瞬态特征和能耗特性,验证所提出策略的优越性。结果表明:采用优化的控制逻辑后,系统在应对煤质水分突变、煤量突变等扰动时的响应速率增加、磨煤机出口风粉温度波动范围减小50%以上、瞬态能耗下降2.4%。磨煤机在变出力过程中,稳态能耗可降低100 kW以上,制粉过程能耗降低6.82%,瞬态过程中磨煤机出口风温的波动幅度下降50%、响应时间缩短10%以上、可实现瞬态节能5.43%,保障制粉系统的运行安全并降低能耗。在燃煤发电机组中应用提出的制粉系统优化控制逻辑,可降低燃煤发电机组变负荷瞬态过程中负荷率、主汽压力等关键参数的运行偏差,提高机组的运行灵活性。

某迫榴炮击针疲劳寿命仿真与提升研究

击针大多采用细长及变截面结构,在循环撞击力作用下,易引起结构应力集中及交变应力,经常出现疲劳断裂故障,严重影响自动武器的可靠性,甚至威胁到作战人员安全。某迫榴炮击针在试验中偶发断裂现象,疲劳寿命约200发左右,为了提升该击针疲劳寿命,基于载荷传递过程,建立了击针在火药气体反冲力下高速运动与限位块的瞬态撞击模型,获取击针撞击过程交变应力,通过循环载荷作用下击针疲劳寿命评估,计算击针疲劳寿命与试验现象基本一致,验证了计算模型的准确性。在此基础上,开展了不同材料击针疲劳寿命提升研究,研究表明,将击针材料由PCrNi3Mo更换为30CrNi2MoVE后,击针疲劳寿命由215发提升到1670发,提升效果显著,改进后的击针经实弹射击试验验证在规定寿命周期内未发生断裂现象。

Transient Stability Simulation of 33 kV Power Grid

An example of Sandakan power grid problem is presented in this paper. Sandakan is a suburb in east coast of Sabah state of Malaysia. Stability problem occurs due to the increase in load demand, lack of generation sources and inadequate supply. The tripping disturbances occur frequently in the network which is contributing to voltage instability. In this paper dynamics stability of 33 kV power grid as related to Sandakan network is analyzed and simulated. The analysis is completed by modelling the network data in Power System Simulation for Engineering (PSS/E) software and simulate the transient stability of generator, exciter and governor during a three phase fault occurs on a far and close distance from a bus, and determine the critical clearing time as well as swing curve of rotor angle. The output values of electrical power, machine speed, rotor angle and bus voltage are observed.

Impact of Wind Farms of DFIG Type on Power System Transient Stability

The impact of large-scale grid-connected wind farms of Doubly-fed Induction Generator (DFIG) type on power system transient stability is elaborately discussed in this paper. In accordance with an equivalent generator/converter model, the comprehensive numerical simulations with multiple wind farms of DFIG type involved are carried out to reveal the impact of wind farm on dynamic behavior of existing interconnected power system. Different load models involving nonlinear load model and induction motor model are considered during simulations. Finally, some preliminary conclusions are summarized and discussed.

Optimal Placement of Reclosers to Minimize Power Losses during Non-Load Bearing Disturbances in a Power Distribution Using Firefly Algorithm

The research reported in this paper focuses on non-technical power loss reduction for power distribution systems. Such reduction of costs of energy not served (ENS.COST), is intelligently evaluated and optimized using a firefly algorithm, from where savings of 43.3% on energy not served are achieved.

自适应可调恒定导通时间Buck型直流电压变换器设计

为提高开关电源输出纹波电压、负载调整率、线性调整率和瞬态响应时间等性能指标,采用纹波控制的方法,研究出一款自适应可调恒定导通时间(adjustable-constant-on-time,ACOT)Buck型直流电压变换器。基于TSMC0.18μmCMOS工艺完成了电路设计,并用Cadence平台Spectre仿真器进行了仿真验证。结果表明:该电路的恒定导通时间可以精准灵活调节,纹波电压、线性调整率和瞬态响应时间均较低,与相关文献对比可知,本文设计在负载调整率上具有明显优势。

宽范围负载CL-LDO的设计

针对规模与功耗骤增的集成电路发展趋势,设计了一种可以提供宽范围负载电流的无片外电容型低压差线性稳压器(CL-LDO).为了解决宽范围负载电流与无片外电容等需求所带来的稳定性问题与瞬态特性问题,提出了动态零点补偿的方式与瞬态增强电路结构,既保障了整体电路在全负载范围内保持稳定,又实现了较好的瞬态特性.基于0.11μm CMOS工艺,完成电路设计、版图设计与仿真,仿真结果表明,在0~500 mA的负载范围内,整体环路增益可以达到68 dB;最小相位裕度为56°;当负载电流在1~500 mA之间发生跳变时(Δt=500 ns),输出过冲和下冲分别为56 mV和141 mV,建立时间分别为2μs和0.78μs;PSR为-67.2 dB@1 kHz,负载调整率为0.137μV/mA.

高速列车过站时高架站房楼盖表面风压分析

研究目的:大跨度高架站房结构向着更轻、更柔的趋势发展,高速列车气动力所引起的站房结构表面风压变化是站房抗风设计中不可忽视的重要因素。为了探究高速列车通过大跨度高架站房结构时楼盖表面的风压特性,采用CFD数值模拟,基于Fluent动网格技术,对时速350 km的高速列车以单、双线运行形式通过大跨度高架站房时楼盖表面的风压特性展开数值模拟仿真研究,分析楼盖表面风压的时程特性及其空间分布特性。研究结论:(1)与高速列车单线运行相比,双线列车跨中交会运行时所产生的列车风叠加效应对楼盖底面风压幅值有显著影响;(2)相较于列车单线运行的工况,列车交会运行时跨中区域各测点的头波正、负风压极值均有较大程度增加,其中测点正、负风压极值的最小增幅都有62.30%和64.36%;(3)本研究结果可为进一步优化大跨度车站结构的抗风设计提供参考。

一种应用于探测的可预测电流模式FSBB电路

探测器的能源供给离不开DC-DC变换器,先进的控制方法能提高工作效率。预测电流模式控制相比于传统的PI控制具有动态响应快、易于进行过流保护等优点,因此被广泛应用到电力电子控制领域。由于控制回路的问题,不能通过计算开环增益的方式对负载波动与输出电压变化的闭环传递函数进行有效地设计。因此,提出了一种在不加前馈控制的情况下,基于预测电流模式控制四开关Buck-Boost(four-switch Buck-Boost,FSBB)变换器补偿器的设计方案,该方法能提升负载动态响应,通过实验数据,证明了该方法的有效性。

600 MW等级超超临界燃煤发电机组动态建模与变负荷控制优化

为提升超超临界燃煤发电机组变负荷过程关键参数控制效果及能效,以某600 MW等级超超临界燃煤发电机组为研究对象进行建模仿真,其关键热力参数偏差满足火电仿真标准规定,建立了燃煤发电机组热力系统内部蓄热分布模型,提出了前馈机组内部蓄热状态的水燃比和烟气挡板开度控制逻辑,将机组变负荷过程实时的蓄热状态前馈到给水、给煤流量和烟气挡板调控中。仿真结果表明:机组在40%THA~70%THA负荷段以1.0%Pe/min~3.0%Pe/min速率变负荷时,累计主蒸汽温度偏差率绝对值下降27%~31%,机组瞬态过程平均发电标准煤耗率下降0.37~0.65 g/(kW·h)。证明所提出的控制策略提升了超超临界燃煤发电机组变负荷瞬态过程关键热力参数控制精度和能量转化效率。

提升末端区域电网供电能力的调控方案及稳控策略研究

针对内蒙古某末端区域电网供电能力受同塔双回线路N-2故障及母线故障制约问题,开展安全稳定控制系统(以下简称稳控系统)控制策略研究。首先,基于对典型故障后末端区域电网稳定特性的仿真计算与分析,结合新能源出力、火电机组开机等对切负荷定值的影响,制订预控方案与稳控系统相结合的综合调度控制方案;然后,分析电解铝行业整流变压器负荷转移特性,提出可优先实切负荷量计算方法和适用于末端电网的分档阶梯切负荷原则,对末端区域电网稳控系统的控制策略进行优化。