Sky luminance distribution types in China

According to Chinese daylighting climate data,combined with the standard of Commission Inernationale de l'Eclairgae(CIE) general sky luminance distribution(SLD),the sky luminance distribution of typical daylighting climate zones in China was studied.Through the research on reference SLD of overcast,intermediate and clear types,the standards of clear and overcast SLD are consistent with CIE general sky,and the intermediate SLD has greater error with CIE general sky.The main types of Chinese sky luminance in different daylighting climate zones were obtained,which provide the basic data for simulation and forecast of China natural light,and provide reference for using the standard amendments of China future natural light.

Graded doped structure fabricated by vacuum spray method to improve the luminance of polymer light-emitting diodes

An increase in luminance of a polymer light-emitting diode(PLED) was obtained by fabricating a graded doping structure using a vacuum spray method. The small electron transport molecule, Tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum(III)(Alq3), was graded dispersed along the film in the direction of growth in the hole transport polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)(P3HT, regiorandom) layer of the PLED, despite being dissolved in the same organic solvent as the polymer. The PLED reported here, which is composed of a graded structure, emitted brighter light than PLEDs composed of pure polymer or of a blend of active layers prepared by spin coating and/or vacuum spray methods.

An efficient algorithm and FPGA implementation of video luminance transient improvement

In this paper, a high-performance and low-complexity luminance transient improvement （LTI） algorithm is proposed and efficiently implemented on field programmable gate army （FPGA） devices, which can be widely used to enhance the sharpness of digital video. The proposed algorithm generates the cor- rection signal by using the difference of the outputs of two Gaussian filters with different variances, and then modulates the correction signal adaptively according to the local contrast information of video frames. A 2-D min/max nonlinear filter is employed to suppress overshoots around edges. The proposed algorithm is thoroughly confirmed by experiments and compared with other algorithms on irrkages, which produces steeper edges and better visual quality while suppressing noise and artifacts. And the hardware architecture suitable for FPGA implementation is optimized based on the property of the algorithm and proves to be effective and efficient in many respects, such as resource consumption, performance and reconfigura- bility. The specific implementation details on both Xilinx and Ahera FPGA devices are also described in this paper.

A Fundus Photographic Method with Narrow Spectral Band Luminance

We perfected the narrow spectral band fundus photographic system using interference filters at the wavelengths of 417, 478, 500, 530, 547, 570, 589, 607, 628 and 648nm. Tests about the light penetration of filters and exposure of various brand films were made on this system. Studies of the contrast of fundal tissues and structures under the different narrow spectral band light were made on 43 Chinese fellow eyes. The results indicates that the interference filters of 570 nm have the highest light penetr...

Adaptive luminance adjustment and neighborhood spreading strength information based view synthesis

View synthesis is an important building block in three dimension（3D） video processing and communications.Based on one or several views,view synthesis creates other views for the purpose of view prediction（for compression） or view rendering（for multiview-display）.The quality of view synthesis depends on how one fills the occlusion area as well as how the pixels are created.Consequently,luminance adjustment and hole filling are two key issues in view synthesis.In this paper,two views are used to produce an arbitrary virtual synthesized view.One view is merged into another view using a local luminance adjustment method,based on local neighborhood region for the calculation of adjustment coefficient.Moreover,a maximum neighborhood spreading strength hole filling method is presented to deal with the micro texture structure when the hole is being filled.For each pixel at the hole boundary,its neighborhood pixels with the maximum spreading strength direction are selected as candidates;and among them,the pixel with the maximum spreading strength is used to fill the hole from boundary to center.If there still exist disocclusion pixels after once scan,the filling process is repeated until all hole pixels are filled.Simulation results show that the proposed method is efficient,robust and achieves high performance in subjection and objection.

Neuronal Response to Reward and Luminance in Macaque LIP During Saccadic Choice

Recent work in decision neuroscience suggests that visual saliency can interact with reward-based choice,and the lateral intraparietal cortex(LIP)is implicated in this process.In this study,we recorded from LIP neurons while monkeys performed a two alternative choice task in which the reward and luminance associated with each offer were varied independently.We discovered that the animal’s choice was dictated by the reward amount while the luminance had a marginal effect.In the LIP,neuronal activity corresponded well with the animal’s choice pattern,in that a majority of reward-modulated neurons encoded the reward amount in the neuron’s preferred hemifield with a positive slope.In contrast,compared to their responses to low luminance,an approximately equal proportion of luminance-sensitive neurons responded to high luminance with increased or decreased activity,leading to a much weaker population-level response.Meanwhile,in the non-preferred hemifield,the strength of encoding for reward amount and luminance was positively correlated,suggesting the integration of these two factors in the LIP.Moreover,neurons encoding reward and luminance were homogeneously distributed along the anterior-posterior axis of the LIP.Overall,our study provides further evidence supporting the neural instantiation of a priority map in the LIP in reward-based decisions.

乳腺癌分子亚型多参数MRI特征的临床研究

目的探讨乳腺肿瘤的多参数MRI特征(T_(2)-WI、ADC值和DCE)以及乳腺密度和背景实质增强(BPE)特征在不同乳腺癌(BC)分子亚型中的差异,以期为临床诊断提供重要参考。方法本研究为回顾性研究,纳入344例患者。所有患者均接受了多参数乳房MRI(T_(2)WI、ADC和DCE序列),并根据最新的BIRADS提取特征,使用ROI之间的类内系数(ICC)来评估读者间协议。结果研究人群分为:luminal A 89例(26%),luminal B HER2阳性39例(11.5%),luminal B HER2阴性168例(48.5%),三阴性(TNBC)41例(12%),HER2富集7例(2%)。Luminal内A肿瘤与特殊的组织学类型、最小的肿瘤大小和持续的动力学曲线相关(P均<0.05)。Luminal B HER2阴性肿瘤与最低ADC值相关(0.77×10^(-3)mm^(2)/s^(2)),其预测BC分子亚型的准确性为0.583。TNBC与不对称和中度/显著BPE,圆形/椭圆形肿块,边缘受限和边缘增强相关(P均<0.05)。HER2富集的BC与最大肿瘤大小相关(平均37.28mm,p值=0.02)。结论BC分子亚型与T_(2)WI、ADC和DCE MRI特征相关,ADC有助于预测luminal B HER2阴性病例。

血清CA153,CA125水平与老年Luminal型乳腺癌患者内分泌治疗耐药的关系

目的探究老年Luminal型乳腺癌患者血清糖类抗原153(CA153)、糖类抗原125(CA125)水平与内分泌治疗耐药的相关性。方法选取158例2018年6月至2022年6月于甘肃省肿瘤医院接受乳腺癌内分泌治疗后复查的60岁以上已绝经的Luminal型乳腺癌患者,根据是否出现耐药,分为耐药组(n=104)和敏感组(n=54)。对比两组患者的一般资料,Spearman相关性分析血清CA153、CA125水平与临床病理特征的关系,限制性立方样条模型(RCS)分析血清CA153和CA125水平与内分泌耐药的剂量-反应关系,Logisitic回归分析内分泌治疗耐药的危险因素。以危险因素建立临床预测模型,其中模型一不包含CA153,模型二包含全部因素,对两个预测模型进行ROC分析和Hosmer-Lemeshow检验。结果158例患者内分泌治疗耐药率为65.83%,两组患者的年龄、肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移、T分期、N分期、组织学分级、血清CA153水平、血清CA125水平的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清CA153,CA125水平与年龄、肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移、T分期、N分期均呈正相关,血清CA153,CA125水平与组织学分级呈负相关。调整混杂因素后,血清CA153水平>171.28 U/mL、CA125水平>186.32 U/mL与内分泌治疗耐药具有强相关性。Logistic回归分析结果显示,高龄、肿瘤较大、T分期较高、N分期较高、组织学分级G3、血清CA153水较高、血清CA125水较高均是内分泌治疗耐药的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。模型一的ROC曲线下面积为0.823(95%CI:0.702~0.862),模型二的ROC曲线下面积为0.884(95%CI:0.783~0.891)。Hosmer-Lemeshow检验显示预测模型一P=0.763,预测模型二P=0.975,均提示拟合优度良好。结论血清CA153,CA125水平具有对内分泌治疗耐药的预测价值,血清CA153,CA125水平越高则内分泌治疗耐药风险越高。

FMHADP:Design of an Efficient Pre-Forensic Layer for Mitigating Hybrid Attacks via Deep Learning Pattern Analysis

Network attack detection and mitigation require packet collection,pre-processing,feature analysis,classification,and post-processing.Models for these tasks sometimes become complex or inefficient when applied to real-time data samples.To mitigate hybrid assaults,this study designs an efficient forensic layer employing deep learning pattern analysis and multidomain feature extraction.In this paper,we provide a novel multidomain feature extraction method using Fourier,Z,Laplace,Discrete Cosine Transform(DCT),1D Haar Wavelet,Gabor,and Convolutional Operations.Evolutionary method dragon fly optimisation reduces feature dimensionality and improves feature selection accuracy.The selected features are fed into VGGNet and GoogLeNet models using binary cascaded neural networks to analyse network traffic patterns,detect anomalies,and warn network administrators.The suggested model tackles the inadequacies of existing approaches to hybrid threats,which are growing more common and challenge conventional security measures.Our model integrates multidomain feature extraction,deep learning pattern analysis,and the forensic layer to improve intrusion detection and prevention systems.In diverse attack scenarios,our technique has 3.5% higher accuracy,4.3% higher precision,8.5% higher recall,and 2.9% lower delay than previous models.

乳腺X线特征在不同Luminal型乳腺癌诊断中的价值

目的探讨乳腺X线特征与不同Luminal型乳腺癌的相关性。方法回顾性分析371例Luminal型乳腺癌的临床病理及乳腺X线特征,根据Luminal型乳腺癌的分型标准,将患者分成Luminal A型和Luminal B型两组。分析两组患者中的临床病理、乳腺X线特征的差异,用二元logistic回归分析Luminal B型乳腺癌的独立影响因素,用受试者工作特征曲线的曲线下面积(AUC)评价其诊断效能。结果371例乳腺癌患者中73例(19.7%)Luminal A型,298例(80.3%)Luminal B型;病理SBR分级高、合并脉管侵犯者多出现在Luminal B型乳腺癌中(P<0.05)。征象类别、腋窝淋巴结肿大在不同Luminal型乳腺癌中的差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);肿块、钙化及肿块合并钙化的病灶多出现在Luminal B型乳腺中(P=0.028、0.034、0.007),结构扭曲的病灶多出现在Luminal A型乳腺癌中(P=0.005)。logistic回归表明病理SBR 2级、SBR 3级、伴钙化及腋窝淋巴结肿大是Luminal B型乳腺癌的独立影响因素(OR=3.912、31.687、2.498、4.210),而结构扭曲征象则是Luminal B型乳腺癌的保护因素(OR=0.155);临床病理特征、乳腺X线征象及两者联合预测Luminal B型乳腺癌的AUC为0.661、0.691和0.758。结论不同Luminal型乳腺癌与乳腺癌的临床病理、X线特征有一定的相关性,有助于Luminal型乳腺癌的分型诊断。

肿瘤浸润性淋巴细胞在不同分子分型乳腺癌患者预后中的预测价值

肿瘤浸润性淋巴细胞(TILs)是肿瘤微环境的重要组成部分,在乳腺癌的抗肿瘤免疫应答中发挥着重要的作用。乳腺癌根据基因表达分析或免疫组织化学标记物雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)的表达可以分为三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)、HER2阳性乳腺癌、Luminal型乳腺癌,TILs对不同亚型的乳腺癌预后的预测价值不同。TILs对乳腺癌预后的不同不仅是因为TILs的浸润水平不同,也是因为TILs中同时存在有抗肿瘤和促肿瘤的亚群,不同患者中TILs的各种亚群也存在差异。

Green perovskite light-emitting diodes with simultaneous high luminance and quantum efficiency through charge injection engineering

Metal halide perovskite light emitting diodes(PeLEDs)have recently experienced rapid development due to the tunable emission wavelengths,narrow emission linewidth and low material cost.To achieve stateof-the-art performance,the high photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of the active emission layer,the balanced charge injection,and the optimized optical extraction should be considered simultaneously.Multiple chemical passivation strategies have been provided as controllable and efficient methods to improve the PLQY of the perovskite layer.However,high luminance under large injection current and high external quantum efficiency(EQE)can hardly be achieved due to Auger recombination at high carrier density.Here,we decreased the electron injection barrier by tuning the Fermi-level of the perovskite,leading to a reduced turn on voltage.Through molecular doping of the hole injection material,a more balanced hole injection was achieved.At last,a device with modified charge injection realizes high luminance and quantum efficiency simultaneously.The best device exhibits luminance of 55,000 cd m^-2 EQE of 8.02%at the working voltage of 2.65 V,current density of 115 mA cm^-2,and shows EQE T50 stability around 160 min at 100 mA cm^-2 injection current density.

Estimation of tunneling effect caused by luminance non-uniformity in head-up displays

Head-up displays （HUDs） enable a pilot to manage aircraft activities by facilitating simultaneous access to the flight instrument data and to the outside scene. However, HUDs can also distract a pilot. This study shows that HUD luminance non-uniformity may force inappropriate distribution of attention between the events shown on HUD symbology and the outside scene because of the resultant differential contrast in the display area. Results of statistical analysis demonstrate considerable effects of HUD image luminance and ambient luminance, as well as their interaction, on the detection of events displayed on an HUD and the outside scene.

Luminal B型男性乳腺癌1例并文献复习

乳腺癌是女性常见恶性肿瘤,男性相对少见[1]。男性乳腺癌(male breast carcinoma,MBC)在所有乳腺癌患者占比<1%,在男性所有癌症中占比<1%,但发病率呈缓慢上升趋势[2],临床上以中老年患者多见[3]。MBC发病率较低,发现时往往分期较晚,恶性程度较高[4],缺乏特定治疗手段,预后较差[5]。临床上对于MBC的治疗建议通常参考女性乳腺癌的临床试验结果。本文报告1例Luminal B型MBC的诊治,并复习相关文献,为临床诊疗MBC提供参考。

DDHD2 is involved in the malignant progression of early luminal A breast cancer by changing cell membrane proteins and immune responses functionality

Background:Luminal A breast cancer has the best prognosis of all malignant breast cancer types.In clinical practice,some patients with luminal A breast cancer present with small tumors(usually<20 mm)but with lymph node metastases or even distant organ metastasis.Owing to their insensitivity to chemotherapy and the lack of conclusive clinical evidence,there is a significant gap in research on luminal A breast cancer with high invasiveness.This study aimed to identify genes that drive the invasiveness of luminal A breast cancer and explore the underlying mechanisms.Methods:In this study,we first utilized bioinformatics techniques to analyze differentially expressed mRNAs and enrich common functional pathways to identify the target gene DDHD domain containing 2(DDHD2).We then evaluated the association between DDHD2 expression and patient prognosis,genetic material changes,and transcriptional,translational,and immune responses in luminal A breast cancer.We also conducted experiments at the molecular and cellular levels to validate these biochemical mechanisms.Results:The expression of DDHD2 varied between patients with low-grade luminal A breast cancer with and without lymph node metastases.Our findings demonstrated that DDHD2 exerted carcinogenic effects through various pathways by altering cell adhesion and migration,regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis cycles,and suppressing immune responses.Moreover,a pathway through which DDHD2 inhibited immunity was preliminarily verified.Conclusions:The results revealed a novel role for DDHD2 in promoting the malignant transformation and invasiveness of luminal A breast cancer.Considering its effects on the tumor microenvironment and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition,DDHD2 is proposed as a reliable direction for future immunotherapy and a potential target in luminal A breast cancer immune resistance.

Identifying microRNA-Target Gene Pairs in Luminal B Breast Cancer Using Integrated Analysis of miRNA and Transcriptome Profiles

Dysregulation of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression has been found to influence various human disorders. Aberrant miRNA-based regulation of gene expression has been found to be associated with different cancers, including breast cancers. Very little information is available on the effect of dysregulation of miRNA-mediated regulation on luminal B breast cancer. This study was aimed at comprehending the regulation of gene expression through miRNA in luminal B breast cancers by comprehensive analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression data together. Negatively regulated miRNA-target gene pairs were identified, and the target genes were functionally enriched to identify critical pathways associated with luminal B breast cancer. Further, the prognostic significance of these miRNAs and target gene pairs was assessed to identify genes with prognostic value in luminal B breast cancer. A total of 266 differentially expressed miRNAs and 164 dysregulated miRNA-target gene pairs were identified. Four genes, including SRP9, DSN1, RACGAP1, and SLC10A6, and one miRNA, hsa-mir-421, showed significant influence on the prognosis of patients with luminal B breast cancer. Through additional experimental examination of these findings, a deeper comprehension of miRNA-based post-transcriptional regulation in luminal B breast tumors will be possible.

体素内不相干运动定量参数评估浸润性乳腺癌Luminal分型研究

目的探讨体素内不相干运动(intravoxel incoherent motion,IVIM)定量参数鉴别Luminal型与非Luminal型浸润性乳腺癌的价值。方法收集经病理证实为浸润性乳腺癌患者148例,其中Luminal型乳腺癌86例,非Luminal型乳腺癌62例。测量感兴趣区的IVIM参数值[真扩散系数(slow ADC,D)、假扩散系数(fast ADC,D^(*))和灌注分数(perfusion fraction,f)],比较两组间各参数的差异,绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价各参数及两者联合对Luminal型与非Luminal型乳腺癌的鉴别效能。结果Luminal型乳腺癌组的D值[(0.71±0.09)×10^(-3)mm^(2)/s vs(0.84±0.10)×10^(-3)mm^(2)/s]和f值[18.56(16.00,23.94)vs 24.90(21.01,32.98)]均低于非Luminal型组,组间差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05),而D^(*)值在两组间差异无统计学意义。ROC结果显示联合D及f值的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)、特异性及敏感度分别为0.866、81.4%、79.0%。结论体素内不相干运动定量参数D值和f值可帮助鉴别Luminal型与非Luminal型乳腺癌,两者联合诊断效能更佳。

不同分子亚型乳腺癌的超声表现和病理特征

目的:探讨不同分子亚型乳腺癌的超声表现与病理特征情况。方法:选取我院2022年1月至12月收治的130例乳腺癌患者,包括4组,分别为三阴型29例、HER-2过表达型22例、Luminal A型38例、Luminal B型41例。进行超声诊断分析,对比4组乳腺癌患者超声表现情况以及病理学特征情况。结果:130例不同分子亚型乳腺癌患者在回声类型、形态、血流信号等层面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。4组分型在淋巴结转移情况、组织学分级、肿瘤直径层面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对乳腺癌患者进行超声诊断,有利于促进乳腺癌患者分子亚型的判断,以此辅助临床治疗。

Classical Cosmology II. The Einstein Ring

The Einstein ring is usually explained in the framework of the gravitational lens. Conversely here we apply the framework of the expansion of a superbubble (SB) in order to explain the spherical appearance of the ring. Two classical equations of motion for SBs are derived in the presence of a linear and a trigonometric decrease for density. A relativistic equation of motion with an inverse square dependence for the density is derived. The angular distance, adopting the minimax approximation, is derived for three relativistic cosmologies: the standard, the flat and the wCDM. We derive the relation between redshift and Euclidean distance, which allows fixing the radius of the Einstein ring. The details of the ring are explained by a simple version of the theory of images.

Renal Transplant Artery Stenosis: Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis and Treatment

Introduction: Renal transplant artery stenosis (RTAS) is a common and early complication of renal transplantation, which can lead to severe post-transplant hypertension, as well as significant morbidity and mortality, particulary graft loss. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence, clinico-radiological characteristics and evaluate the outcomes of luminal angioplasty as a first-line treatment for RTAS, through the analysis of medical records of 27 kidney transplant patients. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective, single-center, and descriptive study conducted at the Nephrology department of the Ibn-Sina Hospital in Rabat, including 27 renal transplant patients with RTAS during the period from 1998 to 2023. All patients with clinically suspected RTAS and confirmed by Doppler ultrasound of the transplanted renal artery were included in the study. Results: The mean age of donors was 48.66 ± 13.55 years, with a female predominance (65%). The donor was deceased in 15% of cases. The mean age of the recipients was 39 ± 16 years with a male-to-female ratio of 4.4. The median onset of RTAS was 3.6 ± 3.4 months after renal transplantation. Seven patients (26%) had high blood pressure (HBP) before their transplantation. Six patients (22%) had hypertriglyceridemia and 7 patients (26%) had pure hypercholesterolemia. The main clinical signs were worsening of preexisting HBP, de novo HBP and acute renal failure (ARF). Stenosis was confirmed by renal Doppler ultrasound in all patients. It was severe in 63%, with a stenosis degree greater than 70%. Six patients underwent angioplasty, resulting in the stabilization of graft function with a nadir of 15 mg/l creatinine and blood pressure control with dual therapy in 5 patients. No graft loss cases were noted. Conclusion: RTAS is a significant vascular complication of renal transplantation that predicts unfavorable outcomes for both the patient and the graft. Early diagnosis is crucial to successfully restore graft function and prevent complications.