Analysis of Fruit Length Using Mixed Major Gene and Polygene Inheritance Model in Summer Squash

[Objective]The aim was to provide scientific basis for breeding on the fruit length of summer squash.[Method]Inheritance of the fruit length of summer squash in P1,P2,F1,B1,B2 and F2 from two crosses q-1 ×23-4G（cross 1） and q-1 ×A-7（cross 2） was investigated by the mixed major gene and polygene inheritance model of quantitative traits.[Result]The results showed that the fruit length was controlled by D2 model;Genetic effect of fruit length of cross 1 was mainly additive effect,but genetic effect of fruit length of cross 2 was mainly dominant effect.Heritability values of the genes of F2 were relatively high and the environmental effect was relatively low.[Conclusion]The fruit length breeding of summer squash should be selected in early generation selection.

Analysis of Fruit Width Using Mixed Major Gene and Polygene Inheritance Model in Summer Squash

[Objective] The aim was to provide scientific basis for breeding on the fruit width of summer squash.[Method] Inheritance of the fruit width traits of summer squash in P1,P2,F1,BC1,BC2 and F2 from two crosses q-1×23-4G（cross 1）and q-1×A-7（cross 2）was investigated by the mixed major gene and polygene inheritance model of quantitative traits.[Result] The fruit width was controlled by B-1 model.Heritability values of the major genes of F2 were relatively high and the environmental effect was relatively low.[Conclusion] The fruit width breeding of summer squash should be selected in early generation selection.

Major Gene Identification and Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping for YieldRelated Traits in Upland Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Segregation analysis of the mixed genetic model of major gene plus polygene was used to identify the major genes for cotton yield-related traits using six generations P1, P2, F1, B1, B2, and F2 generated from the cross of Baimian 1 x TM-1. In addition to boll size and seed index, the major genes for the other five traits were detected： one each for seed yield, lint percentage, boll number, lint index; and two for lint yield. Quantitative trait locus/loci （QTL） mapping was performed in the F2 and F2：3 populations of above cross through molecular marker technology, and a total of 50 QTL （26 suggestive and 24 significant） for yield-related traits were detected. Four common QTL were discovered： qLP-3b（F2）/qLP-3（F2：3） and qLP-19b （F2）/qLP-19（F2：3） for lint percentage, qBN-17（F2）/qBN-17（F2：3） for boll number, and qBS-26b（F2）/qBS-26（F2：3） for boll size. Especially, qLP- 3b（Fz）/qLP-3（F2：3）, not only had LOD scores 〉3 but also exceeded the permutation threshold （5.13 and 5.29, respectively）, correspondingly explaining 23.47 and 29.55% of phenotypic variation. This QTL should be considered preferentially in marker assisted selection （MAS）. Segregation analysis and QTL mapping could mutually complement and verify, which provides a theoretical basis for genetic improvement of cotton yield-related traits by using major genes （QTL）.

Genetic Analysis of Cryotolerance in Cotton During the Overwintering Period Using Mixed Model of Major Gene and Polygene

The joint analysis of the mixed genetic model of major gene and polygene was conducted to study the inheritance of cryotolerance in cotton during the overwintering period.H077（G.hirsutum L.,weak cryotolerance） and H113（G.barbadence L.,strong cryotolerance） were used as parents.Cryotolerance of six generation populations including P1,P2,F1,B1,B2,and F2,from each of the two reciprocal crosses H077×H113 and H113×H077 were all investigated.The results showed that cryotolerance in cotton during the overwintering period was accorded with two additive major genes and additivedominance polygene genetic model.For cross H077×H113,the heritabilities of major genes in B1,B2,and F2 were 83.62,76.84,and 90.56%,respectively;and the heritability of polygene could only be detected in B2,which was 7.76%.For cross H113×H077,the heritabilities of major genes in B1,B2,and F2 were 67.42,68.95,and 83.40%,respectively;and the heritability of polygene was only detected in F2,which was 6.51%.In addition,the whole heritability in F2 was always higher than that in B1 and B2 in each cross.Therefore,for the cryotolerance breeding of perennial cotton,the method of single cross recombination or single backcross should be adopted to transfer major genes,and the selection in F2 would be more efficient than that in other generations.

Joint Analysis Method for Major Genes Controlling Multiple Correlated Quantitative Traits

Based on the major gene and polygene mixed inheritance model for multiple correlated quantitative traits, the authors proposed a new joint segregation analysis method of major gene controlling multiple correlated quantitative traits, which include major gene detection and its effect and variation estimation. The effect and variation of major gene are estimated by the maximum likelihood method implemented via expectation-maximization （EM） algorithm. Major gene is tested with the likelihood ratio （LR） test statistic. Extensive simulation studies showed that joint analysis not only increases the statistical power of major gene detection but also improves the precision and accuracy of major gene effect estimates. An example of the plant height and the number of tiller of F2 population in rice cross Duonieai x Zhonghua 11 was used in the illustration. The results indicated that the genetic difference of these two traits in this cross refers to only one pleiotropic major gene. The additive effect and dominance effect of the major gene are estimated as -21.3 and 40.6 cm on plant height, and 22.7 and -25.3 on number of tiller, respectively. The major gene shows overdominance for plant height and close to complete dominance for number of tillers.

Genetic Analysis of Stripe Disease Resistance in Rice Restorer Line C224 Using Major Gene plus Polygene Mixed Effect Model

The inheritance of stripe disease resistance in a rice restorer line C224 was analyzed using the mixed effect model of major gene plus polygene for quantitative traits.In addition,the resistance was investigated in seven crosses of C224 with maintainer lines.The results showed that the stripe resistance of C224 was controlled by two major genes with additive-dominance-epistasis effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance effects （E-1 model）.These two genes had additive effects of-12.47% and-24.75%,respectively,showing negative dominance effects.There were significant epistasis and interaction effects between the two major genes.The heritability of the two major genes was 92.12%,while that of polygenes was 2.74%,indicating that the stripe resistance had dominant major gene effect.Of the seven crosses,five displayed high or medium resistance to the stripe disease.

Genetic Analysis of Major and Minor Gene(s) Resistant to Stripe Rust in Important Resource Wheat Line Jinghe891-1

Inheritance of line Jinghe891-l resistant to pathotype of Puccinia striiformis in two patterns of temperature (Normal: day 18℃ /night 10℃ , High: day 24℃ /night 15℃ )was studied in this paper. The results showed that there were at least two pairs of dominant major genes and one pair of recessive minor genes in Jinghe 891-1. The two pairs of major genes that conferred resistance to CY31 were allelic or linked closely with resistance gene in Jubilejna Ⅱ , Kangyin655 and T. spelta Album. They were novel resistance genes and were inherited in a repeated or independent mode. The minor genes, which could modify the major genes, were sensitive to temperature and conferred resistance to all pathotypes of Puccinia striiformis in China. It is recommended that this line can be used as an important resource stock.

Inheritance Analysis of Bolting Associated Traits Using Mixed Major Gene Plus Polygene Model in Brassica rapa

[ Objective ] This study aimed to analyze the inheritance of bolting associated traits in Brassica rapa, which will provide useful information in a breeding program for late-bolting or bolting-resistant cultivars of Chinese cabbage. [ Method] Three phenotypic measurements, bolting index, flowering time, days to 5 cm elongated stalk, respectively were used for inheritance analysis of six generations, P, （bolting resistant inbreed line ）, P2 （vernalization independent type） and their filial generations F1 , B1, B2 and F2, using the mixed major-gene plus polygene inheritance model. [ Result] The two traits, bolting index and days to 5 cm elongated stalk, both were controlled by two major genes with additive-dominant-epistatic effects （ B-1 model） in hybrid. The flowering time was controlled by one major gene with addltive-dominant effects plus additive-dominant-epistatic effects （D model）. The heritability of the major genes in B1, B2 and F2 were 96.22%, 93.33%, 93.55% for bolting index, 70.68%, 70.68%, 70.64% for flowering time, 79.44%, 79.55%, 79.38% for days to 5-cm elongated stalk, respectively, but no polygene heritability was detected in BI, B2 and F2 generation. It indicated that the bolting trait in Brassica rapa was controlled by one or tow major genes. [ Conclusion] This implied that in the genetic improvement for bolting resistant trait major gene was a main factor. It is fit for early selection and environment factor should be mentioned.

No association between a polymorphism of the adenylate cyclase type IX gene and major depressive disorder in the Chinese Han population

Previous studies have demonstrated that a missense single-nucleotide polymorphism variant （2316A〉G;rs2230739）of the adenylate cyclase type IX gene was associated with bipolar disorder and affective disorder.We determined genotype and allele frequencies using a ligase detection reaction method in 315 patients with major depressive disorder and 278 unrelated, sex-matched healthy control subjects.We did not detect any statistically significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies between patients and healthy control subjects.Furthermore,we found no significant difference between genders in major depressive disorder,nor between patients and controls in the same gender.These results suggest that 2316A〉G（rs2230739）may not be a risk factor for increasing susceptibility to major depressive disorder in the Chinese Han population.

Molecular Detection of Rice Blast Resistance Genes in Major Varieties of Rice in Jilin Province

[ Objective] This study aimed to detect flee blast resistance genes in major varieties of rice in Jilin Province. [ Method ] Ten molecular markers closely linked with rice blast resistance genes were used for molecular identification of resistance genes in 24 rice varieties from Jilin Province. [ Result] The 24 major vari- eties of rice widely lacked in rice blast resistance genes Pib, Pil, Pikh and Pia; Pi9 gene was absent in 17 of the 24 major varieties, especially in Jijing 88 and Changbai 9 which occupied the largest cultivation area in Jilin Province ; in addition, Jijing 88 harbored five rice blast resistance genes, including Pita, Pikm, Pt2, P/-d2 and P/z. [ Conclusion] Pib, Pil, Pikh, Pia and Pi9 are the major resistance genes for improving flee blast resistance of major varieties of rice in Jilin Prov- ince.

DETECTION OF BCL-2 GENE MAJOR BREAKPOINT REGION REARRANGEMENT IN HUMAN B-CELL LYMPHOMAS

Objective To investigate the frequency of t(14; 18) in different subtypes of B-cell lymphomas and the ability or the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) to detect this rearrangement in frozen samples. Methods 1o7 cases of B-cell lymphomas were studied uslng DNA extracted from rresh-frozen tissues. The DNA samples were amplified by PCR for bcl-2 MBR/JH. The products of bcl-2/JH rearrangement were hybridized with an internal olignucleotide probe or bcl-2 MBR. Results The rearranged bcl-2MBR/JH gene was detected in 13 of the 25(52. o% ) follicular center lymphomas, according to REAL classification: 8 of 11 (72. 7%) grade 1, 2 of 5(40. 0%) grade I, and 3 of 90 (33. 3%) grade, 17 of 82(2o. 8%) cases or difruse large B-cell lymphomas were found to have detectable bel-2 MBR/J. rearrangement- Conclusion The rrequency or bcl-2 MBR/JH rearrangement in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas is significantly lower than those in follicular center lympkomas(X2= 9. 28, P <o. oo5), suggesting that bcl2/JH rearrangements occur mainly in follicular center lymphomas. in addition, the result of reconstruction experiments suggest that amplification or bcl-2 MBR/JH rearrangements by PCR is both sensitive and specific for detection of t (14; 18 ) translocation.

The norepinephrine transporter gene is associated with the retardation symptoms of major depressive disorder in the Han Chinese population

The norepinephrine transporter plays an important role in the pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment of major depressive disorder. Consequently, the norepinephrine transporter gene is an attractive candidate in major depressive disorder research. In the present study, we evaluated the depression symptoms of subjects with major depressive disorder, who were all from the North of China and of Hart Chinese origin, using the Hamilton Depression Scale. We examined the relationship between two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the norepinephrine transporter, rs2242446 and rs5569, and the retardation symptoms of major depressive disorder using quantitative trait testing with the UNPHASED program, rs5569 was associated with depressed mood, and the GG genotype may be a risk factor for this; rs2242446 was associated with work and interest, and the TT genotype may be a risk factor for loss of interest. Our findings suggest that rs2242446 and rs5569 in the norepinephrine transporter gene are associated with the retardation symptoms of depression in the Hart Chinese population.

新时期高校设计专业中课程思政的施策应用

在高校日常专业教学中开展课程思政建设是高等院校立德树人的迫切需求和重要任务。作为新时代高等院校针对专业与学生的特性,应注重在课程教学中融合思政内容,同时在日常的课余活动中注重学生观念品德、行为举止上的引导。文章通过课程案例实践,提出营造课堂、课余沉浸式课程思政教育新模式,使学校全方位育人功能常态化,为更好地培养符合社会主义事业需求的应用型人才提供有效参考。

辣椒白粉病抗性主基因+多基因混合遗传分析

辣椒白粉病是一种常见的真菌病害,该病严重影响辣椒生产。以辣椒白粉病高抗材料(NSR和NVD)为母本,高感材料(20c89、20c93)为父本,分别构建两组P_(1)、P_(2)、F_(1)、F_(2)四世代遗传群体(2021组和2022组),通过调查统计辣椒不同世代群体内单株的白粉病病情指数,利用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传分析法对辣椒白粉病抗性进行遗传分析。结果表明:两组群体辣椒白粉病抗性遗传均受两对加性-显性上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制,并且基因遗传效应和遗传力等参数在两组群体中表现出较高的一致性。2021组第1对主基因加性效应和显性效应值分别为12.7065和-34.7107,第2对主基因加性效应和显性效应值分别为-9.1706和-16.9432,主基因遗传率为86.11%;2022组第1对主基因加性效应和显性效应值分别为20.0431和-18.0682,第2对主基因加性效应和显性效应值分别为-1.0668和-6.0904,主基因遗传率为97.16%。

花生RIL群体出仁率的遗传特性分析

出仁率是花生的产量性状之一,是籽仁产量的重要影响因子。本研究以花育44×DF12构建的重组自交系(RIL)群体为试验材料,出仁率作为表型数据,利用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对3个环境下的出仁率进行遗传特性分析。结果表明,3个环境下的出仁率的最适遗传模型均为4MG-AI,即4对加性—上位性主基因调控,3个环境下的主基因遗传率分别为91.93%,90.60%,96.85%。本研究结果为出仁率遗传机制挖掘奠定了重要理论依据。

Amplification,cloning,sequencing and expression of the gene encoding the major surface antigen of Toxoplasma gondii isolated in China

According to the published gene sequence of the major surface antigen (P30) of Toxoplasma gondii, a pair of primers were designed and synthesized. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the coding sequences of P30 gene were amplified from a Chinese strain of T. gondii, The amplified gene fragment and plasmid pB220 were digested with EcoRI and BamHI and then ligated. The inserted gene fragment was sequenced by the chain termination method, the reading reveals that nucleotide sequence determined was the same as the P30 sequecne of RH strain pubilished by Burg (1988), except that one base was changed. The recombinant plasmid containing P30 gene was transformed to E. coli DH5α.After temperature inducing culture, the total cellular proteins were analysed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The results show that the p30 gene cloned into the plasmid could express in E. coli, and the expression product had immunogenicity.

miR-10b介导NKG2D调节脑胶质瘤细胞免疫效应的实验研究

目的:观察微小核糖核酸-10b(miR-10b)对脑胶质瘤细胞免疫效应的调节作用并探讨其作用机制。方法:取人脑胶质瘤细胞U251进行培养和传代,获得处于对数生长期的细胞。按照1.0×105个/ml浓度制备细胞悬液,并设置对照组、过表达组、低表达组、空白组,每组6个复孔。对照组、过表达组、低表达组分别采用脂质体转染法转染阴性对照、miR-10b模拟物、miR-10b抑制剂,空白组予以等量无菌生理盐水。分离和培养1例健康志愿者外周血自然杀伤(NK)细胞。MTT法检测不同效靶比时NK细胞的杀伤活性;流式细胞仪检测各组NK细胞表面NK细胞激活受体(NKG2D)表达,并检测各组人脑胶质瘤细胞U251表面主要组织相容性复合物Ⅰ链相关基因A(MICA)、UL16结合蛋白2(ULBP2)、UL16结合蛋白3(ULBP3)表达。结果:对照组、过表达组、低表达组转染效率分别为(93.55±2.05)%、(95.67±3.14)%、(94.18±3.26)%;与对照组和空白组相比,过表达组miR-10b表达升高,低表达组miR-10b表达降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且对照组和空白组miR-10b表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与对照组和空白组相比,过表达组NK细胞不同效靶比杀伤活性均降低、NKG2D表达降低,低表达组NK细胞不同效靶比杀伤活性均增高、NKG2D表达增高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),各组NK细胞杀伤活性均随效靶比增加而增高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且对照组与空白组相比,相同效靶比NK细胞杀伤活性、NKG2D表达差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);与对照组和空白组相比,过表达组人脑胶质瘤细胞U251表面MICA、ULBP2、ULBP3表达均降低,低表达组人脑胶质瘤细胞U251表面MICA、ULBP2、ULBP3表达均增高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且对照组与空白组人脑胶质瘤细胞U251表面MICA、ULBP2、ULBP3表达差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:抑制miR-10b表达能够增加NK细胞表面NKG2D和人脑胶质瘤细胞U251表面MICA、ULBP2、ULBP3表达,增强NK细胞对人脑胶质瘤细胞U251的杀伤活性。

芥菜型油菜种子中神经酸、芥酸和油酸含量的遗传分析

神经酸等有益脂肪酸对人体健康具有重要作用。芥菜型油菜作为神经酸潜力来源,是具有高品质的功能型油料作物。为探究芥菜型油菜神经酸等重要脂肪酸的遗传规律,本文以芥菜型油菜高神经酸种质JH1和低神经酸种质JL4为亲本,创制遗传分析世代(P_(1)、P_(2)、F_(1)/RF_(1)、B_(1)/RB_(1)、B_(2)/RB_(2)、F_(2)/RF_(2)),测定各世代种子的脂肪酸含量,对神经酸、芥酸和油酸含量进行相关性分析和遗传分析。结果发现,油酸与芥酸、神经酸呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),神经酸与芥酸极显著正相关(P<0.01)。两个亲本的神经酸含量分别为(2.998±0.274)%和(0.000±0.000)%,芥酸含量分别为(47.644±2.343)%和(0.000±0.000)%,油酸含量分别为(8.853±1.963)%和(48.649±3.395)%,亲本之间存在显著差异。F1和RF1的三种脂肪酸含量介于两个亲本之间,分离世代的表型分布广泛。遗传分析表明:三种脂肪酸含量的加性效应较强,其最佳遗传模型均为MX2-ADI-ADI(2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因)。B2/RB2和F2/RF2中三种脂肪酸的遗传都以主基因为主,遗传率较高,环境影响小。B1和RB1的神经酸和芥酸以主基因或多基因遗传为主,环境影响小,油酸受环境影响较大。本文结果为高神经酸芥菜型油菜品质育种提供了理论依据。

有棱丝瓜早熟相关性状主基因+多基因遗传模型分析

【目的】通过主基因+多基因遗传模型分析有棱丝瓜早熟性相关性状的遗传规律,为早熟丝瓜品种选育提供理论参考。【方法】以高代自交系有棱丝瓜LC034(♀)和LC052(♂)为亲本构建6世代群体,采用主基因+多基因遗传分离法分析有棱丝瓜的4个早熟相关性状(第一雌花节位、始花期、第一坐果节位和始收期)遗传规律。【结果】LC034的4个早熟相关性状均极显著低于LC052(P<0.01)。F_(1)、BC_(1)P_(1)、BC_(1)P_(2)和F_(2)代群体的4个早熟相关性状变异系数为8.70%~25.46%、14.77%~37.67%、19.93%~38.97%和22.37%~46.81%,且4个早熟相关性状在F_(2)代群体的分离频率分布均包含多种正态分布的混合分布。MX2-ADI-ADI为第一雌花节位和第一坐果节位的最优遗传模型,受2对加性—显性—上位性主基因+加性—显性—上位性多基因控制;第一雌花节位在BC_(1)P_(1)、BC_(1)P_(2)和F_(2)代群体的主基因遗传率(h^(2)_(mg))分别为4.63%、84.69%和79.99%,多基因遗传率(h^(2)_(pg))为74.60%、0和0;第一坐果节位在BC_(1)P_(1)、BC_(1)P_(2)和F_(2)代群体的h^(2)_(mg)分别为2.38%、82.86%和76.45%,h^(2)_(pg)为57.04%、0和0。2MG-ADI为始花期的最优遗传模型,受2对加性—显性—上位性主基因控制,在BC_(1)P_(1)、BC_(1)P_(2)和F_(2)代群体的h^(2)_(mg)分别为72.02%、79.05%和86.53%。2MG-AD为有棱丝瓜始收期最优遗传模型,属于2对主基因控制的加性—显性遗传模型,在BC_(1)P_(1)、BC_(1)P_(2)和F_(2)代群体的h^(2)_(mg)分别为62.33%、84.79%和85.07%。【结论】有棱丝瓜的第一雌花节位、始花期、第一坐果节位和始收期均表现为数量性状的特点,受多基因的控制,其中第一雌花节位和第一坐果节位受2对主加性—显性—上位性主基因+加性—显性—上位性多基因控制,始花期受2对加性—显性—上位性主基因控制,始收期受2对加性—显性主基因控制。

小麦Hussar衍生品系抗叶锈病基因分析

以抗叶锈病小麦品系Hussar的衍生品系H103P为抗病亲本,郑州5389为感病亲本杂交得到的234个F4家系群体为材料,进行抗叶锈病基因定位分析。利用带有不同毒力的16个叶锈菌生理小种进行苗期抗叶锈性鉴定,结果表明周麦22及携带Lr13、Lr23和Lr16单基因的载体品种对16个叶锈菌生理小种均表现感病,H103P对除PHKT外的所有小种表现抗病,表明H103P抗叶锈性与携带Lr13、Lr23和Lr16单基因的载体品种不同。利用5种强毒力混合菌种(THTT、PHTT^(②)、FHJS^(②)、PHKS、PHTT^(①))进行田间抗叶锈性鉴定,结果表明H103P、SAAR、周麦22以及Lr13载体品种田间表现均为高抗,234个F4家系群体抗性呈连续性分布,在田间表现出良好的成株期抗性。抗叶锈病基因定位分析结果表明,在小麦品系H103P中定位到1个位于小麦2BS染色体上的抗叶锈病基因,暂命名为LrHu。利用含有Lr13的特异性引物对H103P和郑州5389的扩增产物进行特异性酶切,结果发现小麦品系H103P含有抗叶锈病基因Lr13。小麦抗叶锈病基因LrHu与Lr13的关系还需进一步研究验证。