磁共振T1rho序列、T2 mapping技术在膝关节早期软骨退变早期诊断中的评估价值

目的探讨磁共振T1rho序列、T2 mapping技术在膝关节早期软骨退变早期诊断中的评估价值。方法选取2020年1月至2022年11月在我院治疗的110例膝关节早期软骨退变患者(观察组),按照疾病严重程度分为轻度退变组及重度退变组,另选取同期在我院进行体检的64例健康者为对照组,受试者均行磁共振T1rho序列、T2 mapping技术扫描,测量受试者T2值及T1ρ值,探讨磁共振T1rho序列、T2 mapping技术在膝关节早期软骨退变早期诊断中的评估价值。结果观察组股骨外侧面、股骨内侧面、胫骨外侧面、胫骨内侧面、髋骨面T2值均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),重度退变亚组患者股骨外侧面、股骨内侧面、胫骨外侧面、胫骨内侧面、髋骨面T2值显著高于轻度退变者(P<0.05);观察组股骨内踝负重区、股骨内踝非负重区、股骨外踝负重区、股骨外踝非负重区、胫骨外侧平台区、胫骨内侧平台区、髌后软骨区磁共振T1ρ值明显高于对照组(P<0.05),重度退变亚组患者股骨内踝负重区、股骨内踝非负重区、股骨外踝负重区、股骨外踝非负重区、胫骨外侧平台区、胫骨内侧平台区、髌后软骨区磁共振T1ρ值明显高于轻度退变亚组患者(P<0.05);磁共振T1rho序列在膝关节早期软骨退变中早期诊断及严重程度评估中的的诊断ROC值及特异度明显高于T2 mapping技术(P<0.05),但后者具有更高的敏感度(P<0.05)。结论磁共振T1rho序列、T2 mapping技术均能有效反映膝关节早期软骨退变中软骨组织学成分变化情况,还可为膝关节软骨退变严重程度评估提供客观依据,二者具有一定互补价值。

MR T2^(*)mapping成像技术定量评价腰椎小关节炎软骨损伤

背景:腰椎小关节炎是引起下腰痛的一个主要原因,目前主要依靠MRI进行初步定性诊断,但仍有一定漏诊、误诊的概率发生,因此MR T2^(*)mapping成像技术有望成为定量检查腰椎小关节炎软骨损伤的重要检测手段。目的:探讨MR T2^(*)mapping成像技术在定量分析腰椎小关节炎软骨损伤退变中的应用价值。方法:收集南京医科大学第四附属医院2020年4月至2022年3月门诊或住院合并下腰痛共110例患者,设为病例组;同时招募无症状志愿者80例,设为对照组。对所有纳入对象L1-S1的小关节行3.0 T MR扫描,获取T2^(*)mapping横断位图像和T2WI图像,分别对所有小关节软骨进行Weishaupt分级及T2^(*)值测量,收集数据并行统计学分析。不同小关节Weishaupt分级之间小关节软骨T2^(*)值比较采用单因素方差分析。结果与结论:①经统计分析发现,病例组腰椎小关节软骨T2^(*)值(17.6±1.5)ms明显较对照组(21.4±1.3)ms降低,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);②在病例组中,随着腰椎小关节Weishaupt分级增加,小关节软骨T2^(*)值也呈逐渐下降趋势,且这种差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);③提示T2^(*)mapping能够较好地显示腰椎小关节软骨损伤的早期病理变化,腰椎小关节软骨的T2^(*)值能够定量评估腰椎小关节的软骨损伤程度;T2^(*)mapping成像技术能为影像学诊断腰椎小关节炎软骨早期损伤提供很好的理论依据,具有重要的临床应用价值。

ESTIMATE ON THE BLOCH CONSTANT FOR CERTAIN HARMONIC MAPPINGS UNDER A DIFFERENTIAL OPERATOR

In this paper,we first obtain the precise values of the univalent radius and the Bloch constant for harmonic mappings of the formL(f)=zfz-zfz,where f represents normalized harmonic mappings with bounded dilation.Then,using these results,we present better estimations for the Bloch constants of certain harmonic mappings L(f),where f is a K-quasiregular harmonic or open harmonic.Finally,we establish three versions of BlochLandau type theorem for biharmonic mappings of the form L(f).These results are sharp in some given cases and improve the related results of earlier authors.

DWI联合T2 mapping序列鉴别前列腺癌与前列腺增生价值评估

目的探讨扩散加权成像(diffusion-weighted imaging,DWI)联合T2 mapping序列鉴别前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PCa)与前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)的价值。材料与方法回顾性分析本院行3.0 T MRI检查且经病理证实的56例PCa患者及40例BPH患者资料。扫描序列包括T1WI、T2WI、DWI及T2 mapping序列。两名观察者分别测量两组病灶的表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)值及T2值。采用组内相关系数(intra-class correlation coefficient,ICC)评估两名观察者测得参数值的一致性。采用独立样本t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验分析两组病例间ADC值及T2值的差异。Logistic回归用于分析差异具有统计学意义的参数及其与基线资料联合的诊断模型。采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估有差异参数及联合模型的诊断效能。采用DeLong检验比较ROC曲线下面积差异。采用Spearman相关系数分析ADC值与T2值相关性。结果两名观察者测量值一致性好(ICC>0.75)。PCa组的ADC值及T2值分别低于BPH组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。ADC值、T2值、ADC-T2及ADC-T2-年龄-总前列腺特异性抗原(total prostate specific antigen,TPSA)联合鉴别PCa与BPH的AUC值分别为0.843、0.830、0.896及0.927。DeLong检验显示ADC值与ADC-T2联合,ADC值、T2值、ADC-T2模型与ADC-T2-年龄-TPSA联合模型的ROC差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。ADC值与T2值呈正相关(r=0.331,P<0.01)。结论DWI及T2 mapping序列在鉴别PCa与BPH方面具有较好的价值,并且两序列联合临床指标时诊断效能提升,可为临床无创诊断PCa及BPH提供很好的指导意义。

健康人膝关节股骨内侧髁软骨的T_(2) mapping研究

目的应用T_(2) mapping技术测量健康人膝关节股骨内侧髁负重区与非负重区各层软骨T_(2)值并分析其差异,探讨膝关节软骨分层、分区域MRI定量研究的价值。方法前瞻性纳入22名健康志愿者,其中男、女各11名,平均年龄(27.05±1.05)岁。共纳入38个膝关节,左膝20个,右膝18个。对志愿者行膝关节MRI矢状面T_(2) mapping检查,选取膝关节股骨内侧髁负重区35个、非负重区37个,并测量完整关节软骨上最厚处的T_(2)值。采用独立样本t检验和方差分析分别比较股骨内侧髁负重区与非负重区各层软骨的T_(2)值及各区域内关节软骨浅、中、深层的T_(2)值。结果股骨内侧髁负重区及非负重区的软骨各层T_(2)值由大到小依次为浅层、中层、深层,除非负重区软骨浅层与中层间的T_(2)值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),余各2层间T_(2)值差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);负重区软骨中层、深层T_(2)值均小于非负重区(均P<0.05),负重区与非负重区软骨浅层的T_(2)值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论健康人膝关节软骨依据T_(2)值差异可分为3层且负重区软骨T_(2)值更低,对膝关节软骨分层、分区域研究具有可行性。

T_(2)mapping技术在鉴别直肠黏液腺癌和非黏液腺癌中的价值

目的:探讨T_(2)mapping技术对直肠黏液腺癌和非黏液腺癌的鉴别诊断价值。方法:前瞻性纳入直肠癌患者69例,其中黏液腺癌9例,非黏液腺癌60例,所有患者均行盆腔MRI检查,扫描序列包括T_(2)mapping及DWI序列。由2位经验丰富的放射科医师独立测量病灶的T_(2)值及ADC值,采用独立样本t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验比较不同病理类型肿瘤各参数值的差异。采用ROC曲线和DeLong检验分析T_(2)值、ADC值及两者联合的诊断效能。结果:直肠黏液腺癌的T_(2)值及ADC值均高于非黏液腺癌,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。T_(2)值、ADC值及联合指标(T_(2)值+ADC值)鉴别直肠黏液腺癌和非黏液腺癌的AUC分别为0.96、0.81和0.97,T_(2)值与ADC值的差异及联合指标与ADC值的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:T_(2)mapping对直肠黏液腺癌与非黏液腺癌的鉴别诊断效能优于DWI,DWI联合T_(2)mapping可显著提高对直肠黏液腺癌与非黏液腺癌的鉴别诊断准确率。

MR超短回波PETRA-FS、T2*Mapping序列评估健康青年膝关节软骨的应用价值

目的:运用MR超短回波时间成像径向采集逐点编码时间缩减联合脂肪抑制(pointwise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition combined fat suppression, PETRA-FS)序列及T2*mapping序列,探讨其在健康青年患者膝关节MR中的应用价值。方法:收集自2021年8月至2021年10月于青岛大学附属医院接受超短回波时间成像PETRA-FS序列、T2*mapping及FS FSE PDWI序列扫描的健康青年患者22名,将健康青年膝关节软骨划分为15个小亚区,共获取645个亚区,另将其分为承重区和非承重区,定量记录每个亚区软骨厚度和T2*值,按性别分组,应用独立样本t检验,比较各亚区合并后大部位的厚度及T2*值差异,总结膝关节整体软骨分布特点。结果:(1) 健康青年膝关节软骨厚度从高到低依次为髌软骨(3.74 mm)、股骨外侧髁(1.94 mm)、股骨外侧滑车(1.71 mm)、股骨内侧髁(1.46 mm)、胫骨内侧髁(1.21 mm)、胫骨外侧髁(1.11 mm)。(2) 健康青年男、女之间膝关节大部区域(除股骨内侧髁、胫骨内侧髁之外)的软骨厚度差异具有统计学意义(P 0.05);承重区和非承重区的T2*值差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论:在健康青年中,性别可能是影响膝关节软骨厚度的重要因素,而软骨的T2*值可能受性别影响较小。本组的研究表明:T2*mapping和超短回波PETRA-FS序列能够较好的评价正常软骨并为其早期异常改变提供正常影像学参照。

磁共振T1 mapping及ECV技术在扩张型心肌病中的应用进展

扩张型心肌病(dilated cardiomyopathy,DCM)是由心室腔扩张或者扩大而导致心肌收缩功能受损,这种病症属于一种常见的、有明显家族史的心血管系统疾病。心肌磁共振钆对比剂延迟强化(late gadolinium enhancement,LGE)可被广泛用作无创心肌纤维化诊断的有效手段,但其对弥漫性心肌纤维化诊断的精确程度有所欠缺,因此在临床应用中存在一定的局限性。近年来,T1 mapping技术的临床应用为医学影像学带来了巨大的变革,特别是对于弥漫性心肌纤维化的诊断、识别、预后判断等,它可以以极高的精确度检测出T1值以及细胞外容积(extracellular volume,ECV),对DCM进行全方位评估。本文就T1 mapping及ECV在DCM患者的早期诊断、相关疾病鉴别、风险分层及预后评估和治疗疗效评估中的最新应用进展予以总结,旨在提高DCM的早期检出率,对患者的病情进展进行更加准确的判断,从而为患者制订出最佳的治疗策略,改善患者的预后,并有望为将来的研究提供参考。

基于T1 mapping技术的定量参数评估肝细胞肝癌微血管侵犯的研究

目的:探讨基于T1 mapping技术的定量参数在预测肝细胞肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)微血管侵犯(microvascular invasion,MVI)的价值。方法:回顾性分析34例接受肝脏特异性对比剂钆塞酸二钠(Gd-EOB-DTPA)增强MRI检查且术后病理及免疫组化证实为HCC患者的临床及磁共振影像资料,根据MVI状态分为MVI阳性组(21例)及MVI阴性组(13例)。所有患者均行平扫期及平衡期的T1 mapping成像,测量肿瘤实质部分、肿瘤整体、瘤周1 cm以及正常肝实质背景的T1弛豫时间,结合红细胞压积水平,计算肿瘤实质及肿瘤整体的细胞外容积分数(ECV)。比较MVI两组之间各T1弛豫时间及ECV定量参数之间的差异,采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价各变量的诊断效能,并计算截断值、敏感度、特异度及曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)。结果:MVI阳性组与MVI阴性组间在瘤周1 cm增强前T1弛豫时间、肿瘤实质ECV和肿瘤整体ECV上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),AUC分别为0.707(95%CI:0.509~0.905)、0.780(95%CI:0.593~0.967)和0.736(95%CI:0.5469~0.9256)。结论:基于T1 mapping技术的瘤周1 cm增强前T1弛豫时间、肿瘤实质ECV及肿瘤整体ECV均可反映HCC患者的MVI状态,临床应用具有一定的可行性。

3.0T磁共振T2 mapping在腰椎间盘退行性变分级评估中的应用

目的:探究3.0T磁共振(MRI)T2弛豫时间图(T2 mapping)在腰椎间盘退行性变分级评估中的应用价值。方法:选取200例腰椎间盘退变患者作为研究对象,应用GE Discovery 750W 3.0T MRI成像系统对椎间盘进行扫描,扫描序列包括常规腰椎MRI以及T2 mapping序列,在T2加权像(T2WI)上依据Pfirrmann分级法对腰椎间盘进行评级,绘制ROC曲线分析T2值对Pfirrmann分级诊断的效能。结果:本研究200例受检者共1000个椎间盘,其中Pfirrmann分级Ⅰ~Ⅴ级分别为110例、370例、460例、50例和10例。Ⅰ~Ⅴ级间前纤维环、后纤维环以及髓核的T2值比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);前纤维环、后纤维环以及髓核T2值中,Ⅳ级与Ⅴ级间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),其余各组间Ⅰ~Ⅱ级、Ⅱ~Ⅲ级、Ⅲ~Ⅳ级髓核T2值比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,髓核的T2值与Pfirrmann分级呈负相关(r=-0.57,P<0.05)。PfirrmannⅠ~Ⅱ级、Ⅱ~Ⅲ级、Ⅲ~Ⅳ级腰椎间盘髓核T2值的AUC分别为0.770、0.775、0.824,对应的cut off值分别为129.96ms、106.02ms、74.40ms(P<0.05)。结论:3.0T MRI T2 Mapping检查可用于腰椎间盘退变分级评估,髓核T2值能够为影像学量化诊断腰椎间盘退变程度提供依据。

磁共振T2mapping成像在膝关节骨关节炎诊断中的应用研究

目的 探讨在膝关节骨关节炎诊断中应用磁共振T2mapping成像的临床价值。方法 将2022年5月~2023年5月我院收治的60例膝关节骨关节炎患者纳入研究组,另选同期正常体检人员60例纳入对照组,两组均予以磁共振T2mapping成像检查,研究组再予以关节镜检查。比较两组T2mapping伪彩图图像及膝关节不同区域软骨T2*值,对比研究组不同程度病变患者膝关节不同区域软骨T2*值,分析磁共振T2mapping成像检查对研究组膝关节骨关节炎的检出情况及其诊断效能。结果 两组T2mapping伪彩图图像软骨形态及色阶信号存在明显差异;相比对照组,研究组膝关节股骨内、外侧踝和内、外胫骨平台T2*值均显著升高(P<0.05);伴随膝关节骨关节炎严重程度增加,患者膝关节股骨内、外侧踝和内、外胫骨平台T2*值明显升高(P<0.05);磁共振T2mapping成像检查诊断膝关节骨关节炎的准确性、灵敏性均为95%,漏诊率为5%。结论 在膝关节骨关节炎诊断中应用磁共振T2mapping成像,不仅具有较高的诊断准确性及灵敏度,还可明确患者病情严重程度。

Fine mapping and cloning of the sterility gene Bra2Ms in nonheading Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa ssp.chinensis)

The application of a male-sterile line is an ideal approach for hybrid seed production in non-heading Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa ssp.chinensis).However,the molecular mechanisms underlying male sterility in B.rapa are still largely unclear.We previously obtained the natural male sterile line WS24-3 of non-heading Chinese cabbage and located the male sterile locus,Bra2Ms,on the A2 chromosome.Cytological observations revealed that the male sterility of WS24-3 resulted from disruption of the meiosis process during pollen formation.Fine mapping of Bra2Ms delimited the locus within a physical distance of about 129 kb on the A2 chromosome of B.rapa.The Bra039753 gene encodes a plant homeodomain(PHD)-finger protein and is considered a potential candidate gene for Bra2Ms.Bra039753 was significantly downregulated in sterile line WS24-3 compared to the fertile line at the meiotic anther stage.Sequence analysis of Bra039753 identified a 369 bp fragment insertion in the first exon in male sterile plants,which led to an amino acid insertion in the Bra039753 protein.In addition,the 369 bp fragment insertion was found to cosegregate with the male sterility trait.This study identified a novel locus related to male sterility in non-heading Chinese cabbage,and the molecular marker obtained in this study will be beneficial for the marker-assisted selection of excellent sterile lines in non-heading Chinese cabbage and other Brassica crops.

Identification and fine mapping of qSW2 for leaf slow wilting in soybean

Drought is one of the abiotic stresses limiting the production of soybean(Glycine max).Elucidation of the genetic and molecular basis of the slow-wilting(SW)trait of this crop offers the prospect of its genetic improvement.A panel of 188 accessions and a set of recombinant inbred lines produced from a cross between cultivars Liaodou 14 and Liaodou 21 were used to identify quantitative-trait loci(QTL)associated with SW.Plants were genotyped by Specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing and seedling leaf wilting was assessed under three water-stress treatments.A genome-wide association study identified 26 SW-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs),including three located in a 248-kb linkage-disequilibrium(LD)block on chromosome 2.Linkage mapping revealed a major-effect QTL,qSW2,associated with all three treatments and adjacent to the LD block.Fine mapping in a BC_(2)F_(3) population derived from a backcross between Liaodou 21 and R26 confined qSW2 to a 60-kb interval.Gene expression and sequence variation analysis identified the gene Glyma.02 g218100,encoding an auxin transcription factor,as a candidate gene for qSW2.Our results will contribute significantly to improving drought-resistant soybean cultivars by providing genetic information and resources.

Multi-environment BSA-seq using large F3 populations is able to achieve reliable QTL mapping with high power and resolution: An experimental demonstration in rice

Bulked-segregant analysis by deep sequencing(BSA-seq) is a widely used method for mapping QTL(quantitative trait loci) due to its simplicity, speed, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency. However, the ability of BSA-seq to detect QTL is often limited by inappropriate experimental designs, as evidenced by numerous practical studies. Most BSA-seq studies have utilized small to medium-sized populations, with F2populations being the most common choice. Nevertheless, theoretical studies have shown that using a large population with an appropriate pool size can significantly enhance the power and resolution of QTL detection in BSA-seq, with F_(3)populations offering notable advantages over F2populations. To provide an experimental demonstration, we tested the power of BSA-seq to identify QTL controlling days from sowing to heading(DTH) in a 7200-plant rice F_(3)population in two environments, with a pool size of approximately 500. Each experiment identified 34 QTL, an order of magnitude greater than reported in most BSA-seq experiments, of which 23 were detected in both experiments, with 17 of these located near41 previously reported QTL and eight cloned genes known to control DTH in rice. These results indicate that QTL mapping by BSA-seq in large F_(3)populations and multi-environment experiments can achieve high power, resolution, and reliability.

Mapping upland crop–rice cropping systems for targeted sustainable intensification in South China

Upland crop-rice cropping systems(UCR)facilitate sustainable agricultural intensification.Accurate UCR cultivation mapping is needed to ensure food security,sustainable water management,and rural revitalization.However,datasets describing cropping systems are limited in spatial coverage and crop types.Mapping UCR is more challenging than crop identification and most existing approaches rely heavily on accurate phenology calendars and representative training samples,which limits its applications over large regions.We describe a novel algorithm(RRSS)for automatic mapping of upland crop-rice cropping systems using Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)and Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrument(MSI)data.One indicator,the VV backscatter range,was proposed to discriminate UCR and another two indicators were designed by coupling greenness and pigment indices to further discriminate tobacco or oilseed UCR.The RRSS algorithm was applied to South China characterized by complex smallholder rice cropping systems and diverse topographic conditions.This study developed 10-m UCR maps of a major rice bowl in South China,the Xiang-Gan-Min(XGM)region.The performance of the RRSS algorithm was validated based on 5197 ground-truth reference sites,with an overall accuracy of 91.92%.There were7348 km^(2) areas of UCR,roughly one-half of them located in plains.The UCR was represented mainly by oilseed-UCR and tobacco-UCR,which contributed respectively 69%and 15%of UCR area.UCR patterns accounted for only one-tenth of rice production,which can be tripled by intensification from single rice cropping.Application to complex and fragmented subtropical regions suggested the spatiotemporal robustness of the RRSS algorithm,which could be further applied to generate 10-m UCR datasets for application at national or global scales.

Glacial debris flow susceptibility mapping based on combined models in the Parlung Tsangpo Basin,China

Machine learning(ML)-based prediction models for mapping hazard(e.g.,landslide and debris flow)susceptibility have been widely developed in recent research.However,in some specific areas,ML models have limited application because of the uncertainties in identifying negative samples.The Parlung Tsangpo Basin exemplifies a region prone to recurrent glacial debris flows(GDFs)and is characterized by a prominent landform featuring deep gullies.Considering the limitations of the ML model,we developed and compared two combined statistical models(FA-WE and FA-IC)based on factor analysis(FA),weight of evidence(WE),and the information content(IC)method.The final GDF susceptibility maps were generated by selecting 8 most important static factors and considering the influence of precipitation.The results show that the FA-IC model has the best performance.The areas with a very high susceptibility to GDFs are primarily located in the narrow valley section upstream,on both sides of the valley in the middle and downstream of the Parlung Tsangpo River,and in the narrow valley section of each tributary.These areas encompass 86 gullies and are characterized as"narrow and steep".

Exploring deep learning for landslide mapping:A comprehensive review

A detailed and accurate inventory map of landslides is crucial for quantitative hazard assessment and land planning.Traditional methods relying on change detection and object-oriented approaches have been criticized for their dependence on expert knowledge and subjective factors.Recent advancements in highresolution satellite imagery,coupled with the rapid development of artificial intelligence,particularly datadriven deep learning algorithms(DL)such as convolutional neural networks(CNN),have provided rich feature indicators for landslide mapping,overcoming previous limitations.In this review paper,77representative DL-based landslide detection methods applied in various environments over the past seven years were examined.This study analyzed the structures of different DL networks,discussed five main application scenarios,and assessed both the advancements and limitations of DL in geological hazard analysis.The results indicated that the increasing number of articles per year reflects growing interest in landslide mapping by artificial intelligence,with U-Net-based structures gaining prominence due to their flexibility in feature extraction and generalization.Finally,we explored the hindrances of DL in landslide hazard research based on the above research content.Challenges such as black-box operations and sample dependence persist,warranting further theoretical research and future application of DL in landslide detection.

Automated machine learning for rainfall-induced landslide hazard mapping in Luhe County of Guangdong Province,China

Landslide hazard mapping is essential for regional landslide hazard management.The main objective of this study is to construct a rainfall-induced landslide hazard map of Luhe County,China based on an automated machine learning framework(AutoGluon).A total of 2241 landslides were identified from satellite images before and after the rainfall event,and 10 impact factors including elevation,slope,aspect,normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),topographic wetness index(TWI),lithology,land cover,distance to roads,distance to rivers,and rainfall were selected as indicators.The WeightedEnsemble model,which is an ensemble of 13 basic machine learning models weighted together,was used to output the landslide hazard assessment results.The results indicate that landslides mainly occurred in the central part of the study area,especially in Hetian and Shanghu.Totally 102.44 s were spent to train all the models,and the ensemble model WeightedEnsemble has an Area Under the Curve(AUC)value of92.36%in the test set.In addition,14.95%of the study area was determined to be at very high hazard,with a landslide density of 12.02 per square kilometer.This study serves as a significant reference for the prevention and mitigation of geological hazards and land use planning in Luhe County.

Genome-wide association mapping and genomic prediction of stalk rot in two mid-altitude tropical maize populations

Maize stalk rot reduces grain yield and quality.Information about the genetics of resistance to maize stalk rot could help breeders design effective breeding strategies for the trait.Genomic prediction may be a more effective breeding strategy for stalk-rot resistance than marker-assisted selection.We performed a genome-wide association study(GWAS)and genomic prediction of resistance in testcross hybrids of 677 inbred lines from the Tuxpe?o and non-Tuxpe?o heterotic pools grown in three environments and genotyped with 200,681 single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).Eighteen SNPs associated with stalk rot shared genomic regions with gene families previously associated with plant biotic and abiotic responses.More favorable SNP haplotypes traced to tropical than to temperate progenitors of the inbred lines.Incorporating genotype-by-environment(G×E)interaction increased genomic prediction accuracy.

Mapping COVID-19 in India:Southern states at the forefront of new JN.1 variant

A new variant,JN.1,stemming from the omicron subvariant BA.2.86,garnered the attention of the World Health Organization(WHO)as a"variant of interest."Despite its rapid global spread,especially in the US,Canada,France,Singapore,Sweden[1],and the UK,JN.1 is considered to pose minimal danger.Current vaccinations are believed to remain effective against it.The WHO underscores the importance of maintaining immunization records amid co-occurring respiratory illnesses,and epidemiologists recommend monitoring hospitalizations,particularly in areas with low vaccination rates.