Effects of Different Rearing Modes on the Muscular Histological Traits and Meat Tenderness of Chicken

[ Objective] The aim of this experiment was to explore the effects of different rearing modes on muscle histological traits and muscle ten demess and to provide theoretical basis for regulating chicken meat quality. [ Method] The effects of outdoor rearing, indoor rearing and cage rea ring modes on the muscular histological traits and meat tenderness of Hetian chicken at the age of 8 weeks, 12 weeks and 16 weeks were re searched. [Result] The results showed that the breast and thigh muscle fibre diameter and muscle shear force of outdoor rearing chicken were sig nificently higher than that of cage rearing chicken （ P 〈 0.05）, and muscle fibre density was significantly lower than that of cage rearing chicken （ P 〈 0.05）. With aging, the muscle fibre diameter and shear force increased and muscle fibre density decreased （ P 〈 0.05）. The muscle fibre di ameter and shear force of male were higher than that of female. The correlation analysis showed that the breast muscle shear force had a signifi cantly positive relation with fibre diameter and negative relation with fibre density （ P 〈 0.05）, but thigh muscle shear force had an insignificantly pos itive relation with fibre diameter and fibre density. [ Condusion] Muscular histological traits varied in different rearing modes, and the outdoor rearing promoted the muscular fibre development and increased the muscular shear force.

Muscular Histological Traits and Meat Tenderness of Different Local Broilers

Objective＇ To study the muscular histological traits and their relationship with meat tenderness in local broilers and provide a theoretical basis for promoting meat quality of broiler. [Methed] The diameter and density of muscle fiber of three local varieties of chicken （Beijing Fatty broil- er, Fujian Hetian broiler and Taining Black broiler） were detected at the age of 8 weeks, 12 weeks and 16 weeks. And the differences in the diame- ter and density of muscle fiber as well as their relationship with meat tenderness were respectively analyzed with SAS software. [ Resultl Fatty broil- er had the smallest muscle fiber diameter while Hetian broiler the largest; Fatty broiler had the highest muscle fiber density while Hetian broiler the lowest Hetian broiler had the highest muscle shear force of leg muscle while Black broiler the lowest （ P 〈0.05） ; Black broiler had the highest mus- cle shear force of breast muscle while Fatty broiler the lowest （P〈0.05）. The correlation analysis showed that the shear force of breast muscle and leg muscle had significantly positive relation with fiber diameter and significantly negative relation with fiber density （ P 〈 0.05）. [ Conclusion] Muscu- lar histological traits varied in different local broilers, and the muscular shear force had significantly relation with fiber diameter and density.

Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Exon 3 of Porcine LMCD1 Gene with Meat Quality and Carcass Traits

LIM domain proteins are found to be important regulators in cell growth, cell fate determination, cell differentiation, and remodelling of the cell cytoskeleton by their interaction with some structural proteins, kinases, transcriptional regulators, etc. The presence of LIM domains in LMCD1 gene implies it may be involved in skeletal muscle protein-protein interactions. This study was to investigate polymorphisms of LIM and cysteine-rich domain 1 （LMCD1） gene and its effect on meat quality and carcass traits in pig. The polymorphism （G294A） in exon 3 region of porcine LMCD1 gene, which is synonymous mutation, was genotyped in the population of 178 F, pigs of a Large White × Meishan resource family. Statistical results indicated the distribution of allele G （with a A → G mutation） and A （without mutation）. Analysis of variance showed that the polymorphism of LMCD1 gene was associated with variation in several carcass traits of interest for pig breeding. Some carcass traits and meat quality traits are close to significance by association. An analysis of more animals is necessary to analyze the polymorphisms in exon 3 of porcine LMCD1 gene if it was selected as a marker for the pig carcass traits.

Effects of Hybridizing Berkshire Boar with Landrace × Yorkshire Sow on the Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Hybrid Progeny

[ Objective] The research aimed to provide theoretical basis for further popularization and application of Berkshire Pig in Southeast Guizhou. [ Method] The carcass traits and meat quality of Berkshire（B） × Landrace（L） × Yorkshire（Y）, Duroc（D） × Landrace（L） x Yorkshire（Y） and Lanclrace （L） xYorkshire（Y） were determined by slaughter test. And the application effect of Berkshire in the minority areas was analyzed. [Result] From the carcass traits, the hybridized pig of Berkshire（B） x Landrace（L） ×Yorkshire（Y） had higher slaughter rate and lower lean meat percentage, having extremely significant difference with Landrace （L） × Yorkshire （Y） and significant difference with Durec （D） × Landrace （L） × Yorkshire（Y）. The meat indices of Berkshire（B） × Landrace（L） ×Yorkshire（Y） were better than that of Landrace （L） ×Yorkshire（Y） and Duroc （D）× Landrace（L） ×Yorkshire（Y）. The eye muscle area of Berkshire（B） ×Landrace（L） xYorkshire（Y） had extremely significant difference with Landrace （L） × Yorkshire（Y） and significant difference with Duroc（D） × Landrace（L） × Yorkshire（Y）. The meat color, marbling and cocking percentage and other meat indices were similar with that of Jianhe White Xiang Pig, Nayong Nuogu Pig and Cola Pig. [ Conclusion] Berkshire（B） × Landrace（L） xYorkshire（Y） was more suiTab, for residents in the minority mountain areas, so it was worthy to be popularized.

Comparative Analysis of Slaughter Performance and Meat Flavor Traits of Quality Chicken under Cage Rearing and Free-range Farming Conditions

[Objective]The paper was to compare the slaughter performance and meat flavor of quality chicken under cage rearing and free-range farming conditions.[Method]A total of 4001-day-old cocks,S07 line cultivated by Sichuan Dahen Poultry Breeding Co.,Ltd.(bred for 4 succes-sive generations),were kept in cages until the end of 5 weeks of age,which were then divided into cage rearing and free-range farming groups.All cocks were fed with the same diet,and slaughter tests and meat quality analysis were carried out at the end of 10 and 22 weeks of age,respectively.[Result]The live weight,carcass weight and abdominal fat percentage in cage rearing group were significantly higher than those in free-range farming group(P<0.01),and the percentage of half-eviscerated yield and percentage of eviscerated yield in cage rearing group were significantly higher than those in free-range farming group(P<0.05),but there were no significant differences in dressing percentage,percentage of leg muscle and per-centage of breast muscle.The intramuscular fat(IMF)content and muscle fiber density of chicken in cage rearing group were significantly higher than those in free-range farming group(P<0.01),but there was no significant difference in inosinic acid(IMP)content.The content of IMF and IMF increased with the increase of feeding age,but the deposition rate of intramuscular fat was higher than that of IMF in late feeding period.[Conclusion]The study will provide reliable guidance for production and market consumption of high quality chicken.

Correlation between Histological Traits and Meat Quality in Taihu Geese

[ ObJective] To investigate the histological traits of Taihu geese and analyze the correlation between histological trait and meat quality. [ Method] The common meat qualities and histological traits of Taihu geese at the age of 70 d were observed, and the correlation analysis was performed with SPSS 16.0 software. [ Result] The goose was either female or male. The muscle fiber density and muscle fiber diameter of breast muscle were significantly higher than those of leg muscle （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The muscle fiber density had negative correlation with muscle fiber diameter, muscle fiber gap and muscle bundle gap, and the correlation coefficients were -0.808, -0.540 and -0.620, respectively. The muscle fiber diameter had positive correlation with the muscle bundle gap and their correlation coefficient was 0.546. The muscle fiber density had a significant positive correlation with pH value and water holding capacity （P 〈 0.05）. The muscle fiber diameter and muscle fiber gap had a significant negative correlation with pH value （P 〈 0.05）. [ Conclusion] This study provides theoretical basis for goose breeding and improving of meat quality.

Carcass Traits, Meat Yield and Primal Meat Cuts from Arsi, Harar, Ogaden and F1 Jersey*Horro Crossbred Bulls Fed Corn Silage Based Similar Finishing Diet

This study was conducted with the objective to determine carcass traits, meat yield, and primal meat cuts of Arsi, Harar, Jersey*Horro crossbred, and Ogaden cattle breeds at Haramaya University, Ethiopia. A total of 12 bulls of four cattle breeds (3 Arsi, 3 Harar, 3 F1 Jersey*Horro crossbred and 3 Ogaden) with almost similar ages were randomly assigned to four treatments in a completely randomised design (CRD). Data on carcass traits, meat yield, and primal meat cuts were analyzed using the General Linear Model (GLM) of the Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) 9.4 version. The overall averages of live body weight, hot carcass weight, chilled carcass weight, dressing percentages based on hot carcass weight, and rib eye area of experimental cattle breeds were 215.58 kg, 102.93 kg, 99.56 kg, 47.61%, and 8.13 inch2, respectively. The hot carcass weight and chilled carcass weight of the Ogaden (136.57;133.30 kg, resp.) breed were higher (p < 0.01) compared to other experimental cattle breeds. Dressing percentages based on hot carcass weight were higher (p < 0.05) for the Ogaden (49.61%) and Arsi (49.82%) cattle breeds compared to Harar and Jersey*Horro crossbred (45.73%, 45.27%, resp.) cattle breeds. The average meat yield and proportion of meat yield of cattle breeds were 77.52 kg and 77.46%, respectively. With a linear regression coefficient of prediction (R2) ranging from 52.26% to 93.58%, primal meat cuts significantly (p dicted meat yield. In conclusion, the breed of cattle had a significant (p 0.05) influence on live body weight, hot and chilled carcass weight, dressing percentage, rib eye area, subcutaneous fat thickness, meat yield, and the weights of most primal meat cuts. The Ogaden cattle breed had a higher and better meat yield, carcass traits, and most primal meat cuts compared to other experimental cattle breeds. Furthermore, the inclusion of corn silage in the diet of fattening bulls improved the carcass and meat yield. Therefore, the performance of Ogaden cattle compared to other and previous studies suggests the possibility of using this breed for export purposes in addition to Borana and Harar cattle breeds in the future.

巴民和松巴民杂交猪生长性能、胴体和肉质性状的比较研究

本试验旨在通过测定巴克夏公猪与民猪母猪的二元杂交猪(简称巴民猪)和松辽黑猪公猪与巴民母猪的三元杂交猪(简称松巴民猪)的生长性能、胴体和肉质性状,比较分析利用地方品种、地方培育品种和引进品种进行三元杂交的优势和可行性。试验选用出生日龄相近的巴民猪200头,松巴民猪196头,用于生长性能测定;选用100 kg体重的巴民猪50头,松巴民猪45头,屠宰用于测定胴体性状和肉质性状。结果表明,松巴民猪日增重和饲粮转化率显著高于巴民猪(P<0.05),校正至100 kg日龄和校正至100 kg体重背膘厚均显著低于巴民猪(P<0.05);松巴民猪平均背膘厚和肌内脂肪含量显著低于巴民猪(P<0.05),瘦肉率显著高于巴民猪(P<0.05),其他肉质指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,松巴民猪生长速度和饲料利用率均高于巴民猪,瘦肉率亦有所提高,肌内脂肪含量虽有所下降,但也达到了4%,保持了民猪的优良肉质特性,因此饲养松巴民三元杂交猪将具有更高的经济效益。

核桃青皮粉及其提取物对猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响

【目的】研究核桃青皮粉及其提取物对育肥猪生长性能、胴体和肉质性状的影响。【方法】选取90头健康、体重约80 kg的“杜×长×大”三元杂交育肥阉公猪,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组育肥猪饲喂基础饲粮,核桃青皮粉试验组及其提取物试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.1%核桃青皮粉和0.1%核桃青皮粉提取物。预试期10 d,正试期40 d。试验第41天,测定每头猪初始体重、终末体重及各组采食量。试验结束后,每个重复中选取2头体重接近平均体重的试验猪进行屠宰,测定胴体性状、肉质性状,以及背最长肌的氨基酸和脂肪酸含量。【结果】与对照组相比,饲粮中添加核桃青皮粉或其提取物对育肥猪末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比、胴体直长、胴体斜长、胴体重、屠宰率、眼肌面积、板油重以及背最长肌pH_(45 min)、滴水损失、加压损失、大理石纹评分、红度均无显著影响(P>0.05),但可显著提高育肥猪背膘厚、背最长肌黄度和肌内脂肪含量(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,除了组氨酸,核桃青皮粉组育肥猪背最长肌中其他氨基酸含量均有一定提高,而核桃青皮提取物组的氨基酸含量与对照组的差异不大,核桃青皮粉组和提取物组多不饱和脂肪酸总含量均比对照组含量有一定提高。【结论】饲粮添加0.1%核桃青皮粉及其提取物对生长性能和胴体性状无负面影响,二者均可改善育肥猪肉质性状,核桃青皮粉效果更佳。

酵母硒对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和抗氧化性能的影响

旨在探讨酵母硒对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和抗氧化性能的影响。选取150只1日龄白羽公肉鸡,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复5只,对照组以玉米-豆粕为基础饲料,各试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ分别添加0.1、0.2、0.3和0.4 mg/kg的酵母硒,预试期7 d,正式试验期42 d。结果显示:添加酵母硒的各试验组对生长性能和屠宰性能均无显著影响(P>0.05)。在肉品质方面,试验Ⅲ组和试验Ⅳ组的红度(a^(*))值和宰后45 min的pH值均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组、试验Ⅳ组宰后24 h的pH值与对照组相比有显著提高(P<0.05)。在抗氧化性能方面,试验Ⅳ组的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01),试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01)。提示:肉鸡日粮添加酵母硒的最适宜添加量为0.3 mg/kg。

猪MYOG基因遗传多态性与胴体及肉质性状的相关性

通过测定约180日龄的8个群体(梅山、大白、长白、大白×梅山F_(1)代、梅山×大白F_(1)代、长白×大白F_(1)代、大白×长白F_(1)代以及大白×梅山F2代)459头猪胴体性状、肉质性状以及肌细胞生成素基因(MYOG)多态性,分析MYOG在猪群体中的遗传效应。结果表明:MYOG在猪群体中呈现3种基因型,即AA、AB、BB;群体瘦肉率的提高与BB基因型显著相关,相较于AA与AB基因型,其提高幅度分别为3.57%和3.28%;在大白×梅山F2代群体中,MYOG的基因型与背最长肌pH值、股二头肌pH值呈显著相关;在大白×梅山F_(1)代群体中,MYOG基因型与股二头肌大理石纹MM2呈显著相关。

益生菌发酵中草药对育肥猪胴体性状及肉品质的影响

为了探讨益生菌发酵中草药对育肥猪胴体性状和肉品质的影响。试验选择72头体重为(25.00±0.50 kg)的杜×长×大三元杂交猪作为试验研究对象,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头。试验Ⅰ组(对照组)饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅱ组(基础日粮+1%发酵中草药)、试验Ⅲ组(基础日粮+2%发酵中草药)和试验Ⅳ组(基础日粮+3%发酵中草药)。预试期1周,正试期12周,统计分析各试验组的胴体性状指标和肉品质指标。结果显示:与试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅲ和Ⅳ组显著提高了育肥猪的胴体重、屠宰率和胴体瘦肉率(P<0.05);育肥猪的肌肉嫩度、肌内脂肪和大理石花纹明显改善(P<0.05),同时提高了猪肉中蛋白水平,降低了粗脂肪和挥发性盐基氮含量(P<0.05)。结果表明,益生菌发酵中草药可以提高育肥猪的胴体性状指标及改善猪肉品质,发酵中草药适宜添加量为3%。

冷藏条件下猪肉pH变化及采样时间对滴水损失影响

研究测定了商品猪肉质性状、宰后猪肉pH的变化及采样时间和储藏时间对猪肉失水率和滴水损失的影响。结果表明:猪肉45 min pH为6.01,肉色和大理石纹评分分别为3.57和3.63,失水率和24 h滴水损失分别为14.77%和1.33%。0~4℃条件下,肌肉pH随储藏时间的延长总体呈降低趋势,宰后5 h肌肉pH显著降低,宰后7 h pH极显著降低,之后趋于平稳,到120 h宰后pH又升高到5.85,但仍显著低于45 min。宰后2 h取样测定的肌肉失水率比宰后6 h、24 h分别降低32.59%(P<0.05)、38.23%(P<0.05),宰后9 h采样的失水率比24 h采样的失水率降低32.33%(P<0.05)。宰后2 h取样0~4℃冷藏条件下测定的24 h滴水损失随冷藏时间延长逐渐降低,24 h至72 h之间极显著降低,72 h至168 h之间降低幅度较小,没有明显差异。胴体0~4℃冷藏排酸24 h后取样测定的24 h滴水损失随冷藏时间延长逐渐降低,其中,48 h、72 h、96 h、120 h、144 h的滴水损失比24 h的滴水损失分别降低52.65%(P<0.01)、70.09%(P<0.01)、77.57(P<0.01)、82.87%(P<0.01)、69.47%(P<0.01);96 h、120 h的滴水损失比48 h的分别降低52.63%(P<0.05)、63.82%(P<0.01)。不同采样时间测定的24 h滴水损失不同,以排酸后采样测定的24 h滴水损失较高。

利用GWAS和DNA甲基化共定位鉴定猪肉质性状的候选基因

为了更深入地了解肉质性状的遗传基础,本研究使用基于基因型填充的测序数据进行了GWAS分析并与之前的发表的EWAS结果进行共定位分析。该研究发现了515个全基因组水平显著的SNPs位点和4 134个达建议显著阈值的SNPs位点,这些位点共涉及406个基因,其中包括262个蛋白质编码基因,最终确定了6个可能与肉质性状相关的重要候选基因。同时,与EWAS的结果进行比较,发现有12个显著的CpG位点与显著SNP位点存在重叠。通过这些研究可以为改善猪肉品质的育种工作提供更坚实的理论基础和数据支持。

不同能量饲料对贵州黑山羊生长性能、屠宰性能、肉质性状、氨基酸及脂肪酸含量的影响

试验旨在探究不同能量饲料对贵州黑山羊生长性能、屠宰性能、肉质性状及肌肉中氨基酸、脂肪酸含量的影响。选取生长状况基本一致体重为(21.12±1.25) kg的6月龄贵州黑山羊公羊45只,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复5只。玉米组、大麦组、小麦组分别饲喂以玉米、大麦和小麦为主要能量饲料配方的混合饲粮。预试期7 d,正式试验期90 d。结果表明:大麦组平均日增重达到180.56 g,显著高于其他两组(P<0.05),玉米组和大麦组屠宰率均显著高于小麦组(P<0.05),玉米组滴水损失、熟肉率以及干物质含量均最高,小麦组粗脂肪含量最高。各试验组羊肉中均检出16种氨基酸,包含7种必需氨基酸和9种非必需氨基酸,大麦组和小麦组非必需氨基酸含量显著高于玉米组(P<0.05)。各试验组羊肉中共检测出37种脂肪酸,其中检测出17种饱和脂肪酸,9种单不饱和脂肪酸,11种多不饱和脂肪酸。小麦组饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸的含量最高,大麦组多不饱和脂肪酸的含量显著高于玉米组和小麦组(P<0.05)。研究表明,大麦能够提升贵州黑山羊生长性能和屠宰性能,且肉品质相对较好,可作为主要能量饲料使用。

去势对武定鸡胸肌组织脂质组成的影响

为揭示去势对鸡胸肌组织脂质组成的影响,试验采用索氏提取法和UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS检测技术对去势组和假手术组武定鸡肌肉组织进行肌内脂肪(IMF)含量测定和非靶向脂质组学研究。结果显示:去势组武定鸡胸肌组织IMF含量显著高于假手术组(P<0.05);脂质组学检测到21种脂质亚类和553个脂质分子,其中去势组胸肌组织单糖基神经酰胺(CerG1)、脂肪酸(FA)、溶血磷脂酰甘油(LPG)、溶血磷脂乙醇胺(LPE)、溶血磷脂酰丝氨酸(LPS)、辅酶(Co)、磷脂酰甘油(PG)、神经酰胺(Cer)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)、鞘氨醇(So)、甘油二酯(DG)、心磷脂(CL)、磷脂酰胆碱(PC)、甘油三酯(TG)、酰基肉碱(AcCa)、磷脂酰肌醇(PI)和磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)丰度上调,溶血磷脂酰胆碱(LPC)、鞘磷脂(SM)、溶血磷脂酰肌醇(LPI)、单半乳糖基二酰甘油酯(MGDG)丰度下调;筛选出16种差异脂质分子,其中去势组胸肌组织PE(18∶1p/20∶4)、PE(18∶0/18∶1)、PE(38∶2p)、PE(18∶0e/22∶6)、PC(38∶6)、PC(34∶1e)、PS(41∶4)、PS(18∶0/22∶4)、LPC(22∶5)、LPI(20∶4)、PI(16∶0/20∶4)、Cer(d18∶1/24∶1)、Cer(d18∶1/24∶1)、TG(16∶0/8∶0/16∶0)丰度上调,PC(39∶5)和PI(16∶0/20∶3)丰度下调(VIP>1,P<0.05)。结果表明,去势促进武定鸡胸肌组织IMF沉积,影响脂质组成,改善肉质特性。

5个贵妃鸡配套系生长发育规律、屠宰性能和肉品质比较分析

旨在筛选出生长性能好、屠宰性能优良、肉品质鲜美的贵妃鸡杂交组合,为贵妃鸡的品种改良提供科学依据。本研究选择体重接近的20周龄健康贵妃鸡为母本,与河南农业大学家禽种质资源场培育的同周龄的豫农D系、豫农L系、豫农SHj系、豫农C系和豫农H系进行杂交配套试验,杂交后代分别为D×HD、L×HD、SHj×HD、C×HD、H×HD。各组合按性别选取健康雏鸡各50只,常规饲养至12周龄,每两周固定时间测定体重,采用Logistic、Gompertz和Von Bertallanffy 3种非线性生长曲线模型对其体重进行拟合,并随机挑选各组合12周龄健康试验鸡公母各6只进行屠宰,测定其生长性能、屠宰性能以及肉品质等指标,对各指标进行生物统计学分析。结果表明:Gompertz模型的拟合结果最优,拟合度均在0.998以上;在生产性能方面,C×HD组合的平均体重和体尺指标显著高于其他组合(P<0.05)且母鸡饲料报酬最高(2.59),SHj×HD组合公鸡饲料报酬最高(2.39);在屠宰性能方面,除L×HD和H×HD组合中的母鸡之外,其它组合公母鸡均达到半净膛率70%以上,全净膛率60%以上,肉用性能良好;在肉品质方面,D×HD组合的肉质较优于其他组合,但各组合滴水损失无显著差异。基于以上结果,C×HD组合在生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质等方面大多表现优异,可以在一定程度上满足消费者的需求。此外,研究结果也为贵妃鸡遗传资源的保护、进一步开发和品种选育提供重要参考依据,为贵妃鸡的高效养殖和推广提供了有力的支持。

8个地方鸡品种的体尺、屠宰性能及肉品质的比较及综合评价

【目的】通过比较分析贵州省8个地方鸡品种的体尺、屠宰性能及肉品质性状差异,为贵州地方鸡种的保护开发和利用提供基础数据。【方法】采用常规方法对乌蒙乌骨鸡、威宁鸡、普定高脚鸡、兴义矮脚鸡、黔东南小香鸡、赤水乌骨鸡、长顺绿壳蛋鸡和瑶山鸡的体尺指标、屠宰性能和肉品质性状指标进行测定,利用主成分分析法构建肉用性状综合评价模型。【结果】贵州8个地方鸡品种体尺性状、屠宰性能及肉品质指标存在明显差异,但屠宰率均大于86%,全净膛率均大于67%,8个品种均表现出了较佳的产肉性能;成功构建了肉用鸡综合评价模型,评分结果为:威宁鸡>乌蒙乌骨鸡>普定高脚鸡>赤水乌骨鸡>瑶山鸡>兴义矮脚鸡>黔东南小香鸡>长顺绿壳蛋鸡。【结论】8个地方鸡品种均表现出了良好的产肉性,是优质的肉鸡种质资源;综合评价结果显示,威宁鸡和乌蒙乌骨鸡肉用性能比较出色。

皮山红羊肉用性状的研究分析

试验旨在探究皮山红羊的背膘厚度、眼肌面积和眼肌深度等肉用性状指标与体重的相关性,为皮山红羊的生产和选育提供参考。试验选择饲养管理均相同的506只6月龄皮山红羊,利用便携式B超诊断仪测量背膘厚度、眼肌深度和眼肌面积等肉用性状指标和体重,采用SAS 9.2进行影响因素的分析,采用SPSS 25.0软件进行相关性分析。结果显示,产羔类型、性别和群别分别对背膘厚度、眼肌深度和眼肌面积有显著或极显著影响(P<0.05或P<0.01)。单羔的眼肌深度极显著高于三羔(P<0.01),且双羔眼肌深度显著高于三羔(P<0.01),单羔眼肌面积极显著高于多羔(P<0.01),双羔眼肌深度显著高于三羔(P<0.05),且显著高于四羔(P<0.05)。性别对于3个肉用性状指标具有极显著影响(P<0.01),其中公羔在背膘厚度、眼肌深度和眼肌面积方面均高于母羔。眼肌面积与体重的相关性最高,其次为眼肌深度和背膘厚度,眼肌面积对于皮山红羊直接作用最大,其次是眼肌深度和眼肌面积。研究表明:6月龄羔羊的背膘厚度、眼肌深度和眼肌面积三个肉用性状受到羔羊出生类型、性别及其饲养管理方式的影响,在绵羊饲养管理和选种选育时应考虑它们对6月龄羔羊上述性状的影响,提高对上述肉用性状选育及遗传评估准确性。

滇南小耳猪肌源性因子5(MYF5)基因多态性研究

肌源性因子5(myogenic factor 5,MYF5)被认为是猪肌肉生长发育的重要基因,为探究MYF5基因的遗传变异对滇南小耳猪生长性状的影响,以期为优质滇南小耳猪肉新品种(系)培育提供有效的分子遗传标记,本试验以MYF5为候选基因,杜洛克猪(n=40)为对照组,筛选滇南小耳猪(n=18)的优势SNP位点,并对筛选的优势SNP与其主要胴体及肉质性状进行关联分析。结果显示,在滇南小耳猪MYF5基因检出的16个SNP位点中,1个位于编码区,为同义突变,并筛选到4个优势SNP。关联分析结果表明,滇南小耳猪MYF5基因1486、1574、1629以及1701位点间突变频率一致且有相近的遗传图距,连锁紧密。A1486G位点分别为GG、AG、AA基因型;G1574A位点分别为AA、GA、GG基因型;C1629T位点分别为TT、CT、CC基因型;T1701C位点分别为CC、TC、TT基因型。就肌内脂肪含量而言,MM基因型极显著高于MN基因型(P<0.01),MM基因型显著高于NN基因型(P<0.05),NN基因型显著高于MN基因型(P<0.05)。就大理石纹评分而言,MM基因型极显著高于NN基因型(P<0.01),MM基因型极显著高于MN基因型(P<0.01),MN基因型极显著高于NN基因型(P<0.01)。因此,本研究可基本推断在有关作用于滇南小耳猪种肉质性状的基因中,MYF5基因较为关键。该试验结论可为滇南小耳猪育种中改善肉品质等性状给予分子标记支撑。