Hybrid Teaching Reform of Veterinary Microbiology Based on the Combination of Virtual Simulation and Problem-Based Learning

The Veterinary Microbiology course is centered around the diagnosis and testing of pathogenic microorganisms,with the core value of“moral education and character development.”It reconstructs multidimensional teaching resources by integrating disciplinary achievements with clinical cases and implements a hybrid teaching approach combining virtual simulation and problem-based learning(PBL)through the“three stages+four models+three reflections”framework.Dual-qualification teachers employ various teaching methods,create a“six-in-one”model for ideological and political education,and conduct formative assessments based on the principles of diversified objectives and process emphasis.The hybrid teaching reform addresses issues such as fragmented knowledge,insufficient class hours,weak animal disease diagnostic abilities among students,limited application and expansion of knowledge points,and students’lack of proactive critical thinking skills.The application of hybrid teaching has shown significant advantages and effectiveness,providing a reference for teaching reform in similar microbiology courses.

Teaching Reform of Veterinary Microbiology Based on the Hybrid Teaching of Ideology and Politics

The veterinary microbiology teaching team thoroughly implements the national education policy,and iteratively promotes the implementation of the teaching reform of Sanquan education.The teaching team is focused on a“student-centered”approach to education,emphasizing the foundation of“cultivating people and nurturing the root and soul of the nation.”By integrating“knowledge exploration,skill training,and value shaping”into the talent training plan,they are reshaping curriculum objectives and emphasizing ideological education in the syllabus.The teaching content system is being reconstructed,combining multiple interactions of blended teaching with the“six-in-one”ideological education model,to achieve the educational goals of the new agricultural“in-class-extracurricular”approach.This effort provides an empirical basis for the ideological and political teaching reform of the veterinary microbiology curriculum.

Exploration of Ideological and Political Education in Veterinary Microbiology Experimental Technology

The veterinary microbiology experimental course plays a key role in education and practice,integrating“knowledge,skills,and qualities”into the talent cultivation program.The syllabus has been revised to emphasize the course’s ideological and political education objectives.The extraction of ideological and political elements focuses on developing a curriculum that includes ideological and political teaching materials and cases,ensuring coherence across classroom teaching,social practice,and online courses.By organically integrating ideological and political elements within stories,along with professional knowledge,operational skills,and social practice,the course aims to enhance the appeal and effectiveness of ideological and political education in the experimental course.

Construction Method of Ideological and Political Theories Teaching in the Course of Environmental Microbiology for Environmental and Ecological Engineering Major

Environmental Microbiology is a professional basic course in the curriculum system of Environmental and Ecological Engineering major,which follows the requirements of ideological and political theories teaching in the course in higher education,and should be implemented in every course.Therefore,the construction of ideological and political theories teaching in the course should be an important task in the course construction of Environmental Microbiology.In view of the curriculum characteristics of Environmental Microbiology,such as multi-disciplinary feature,wide coverage and rapid development,it is an effective method for the construction of ideological and political theories teaching in the course of Environmental Microbiology by fully tapping the ideological and political elements of the curriculum,such as patriotism,scientific spirit and practical innovation,and integrating the ideological and political theories teaching in the course into the whole curriculum design and classroom teaching construction.

Study of the Effect of Bacterial Resistance Monitoring in Clinical Microbiology Testing

Objective:To observe and analyze the effect of bacterial resistance monitoring in clinical microbiology testing.Methods:600 microbial specimens collected in our hospital in the past year(April 2021 to April 2022)were used as the test subjects of this study.The specimens were divided into Group A(control group)and Group B(research group),with 300 cases in each group.Group A consisted of blood culture specimens,while Group B consisted of sputum specimens.After the tests were completed,the rates of unfavorable and favorable results,bacterial species distribution,and bacterial drug resistance of the specimens in both groups were compared.Results:Among group A specimens,29 cases were positive(9.67%)and 271 cases were negative(90.33%);among group B specimens,99 cases were positive(33.00%)and 201 cases were negative(66.00%);the difference between the two groups of data was statistically significant(P<0.05).As for the distribution of the types of bacteria,there were 472 cases of Gram-negative bacteria and 128 cases of Gram-positive bacteria.Conclusion:Bacterial resistance monitoring is helpful in clinical microbiology testing.Through proper monitoring,bacterial resistance can be well understood.In this way,patients get to receive appropriate treatment measures and suitable antibacterial prescriptions,thereby improving the patient outcome.

Oral Microbiology:Past,Present and Future

Since the initial observations of oral bacteria within dental plaque by van Leeuwenhoek using his primitive microscopes in 1680, an event that is generally recognized as the advent of oral microbiological investigation, oral microbiology has gone through phases of ＂reductionism＂ and ＂holism＂. From the small beginnings of the Miller and Black period, in which microbiologists followed Koch＇s postulates, took the reductionist approach to try to study the complex oral microbial community by analyzing individual species; to the modem era when oral researchers embrace ＂holism＂ or ＂system thinking＂, adopt new concepts such as interspecies interaction, microbial community, biofilms, poly-microbial diseases, oral microbiological knowledge has burgeoned and our ability to identify the resident organisms in dental plaque and decipher the interactions between key components has rapidly increased, such knowledge has greatly changed our view of the oral microbial flora, provided invaluable insight into the etiology of dental and periodontal diseases, opened the door to new approaches and techniques for developing new therapeutic and preventive tools for combating oral polymicrobial diseases.

Microbiology laboratory and the management of motherchild varicella-zoster virus infection

Varicella-zoster virus, which is responsible for varicella(chickenpox) and herpes zoster(shingles), is ubiquitous and causes an acute infection among children, especially those aged less than six years. As 90% of adults have had varicella in childhood, it is unusual to encounter an infected pregnant woman but, if the disease does appear, it can lead to complications for both the mother and fetus or newborn. The major maternal complications include pneumonia, which can lead to death if not treated. If the virus passes to the fetus, congenital varicella syndrome, neonatal varicella(particularly serious if maternal rash appears in the days immediately before or after childbirth) or herpes zoster in the early years of life may occur depending on the time of infection. A Microbiology laboratory can help in the diagnosis and management of mother-child infection at four main times:(1) when a pregnant woman has been exposed to varicella or herpes zoster, a prompt search for specific antibodies can determine whether she is susceptible to, or protected against infection;(2) when a pregnant woman develops clinical symptoms consistent with varicella, the diagnosis is usually clinical, but a laboratory can be crucial if the symptoms are doubtful or otherwise unclear(atypical patterns in immunocompromised subjects, patients with post-vaccination varicella, or subjects who have received immunoglobulins), or if there is a need for a differential diagnosis between varicella and other types of dermatoses with vesicle formation;(3) when a prenatal diagnosis of uterine infection is required in order to detect cases of congenital varicella syndrome after the onset of varicella in the mother; and(4) when the baby is born and it is necessary to confirm a diagnosis of varicella(and its complications), make a differential diagnosis between varicella and other diseases with similar symptoms, or confirm a causal relationship between maternal varicella and malformations in a newborn.

Utilization of multiple "omics" studies in microbial pathogeny for microbiology insights

In the present day,bioinfomiatics becomes the modern science with several advantages.Several new"omics"sciences have been introduced for a few years and those sciences can he applied in biomedical work.Here,the author will summarize and discuss on important applications of omics studies in microbiology focusing on microbial pathogeny.It can be seen that genomics and proteinomics can be well used in this area of biomedical studies.

Viral Contamination Source in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory

To understand the potential causes of laboratory-acquired infections and to provide possible solutions that would protect laboratory personnel, samples from a viral laboratory were screened to determine the main sources of contamination with six subtypes of Rhinovirus. Rhinovirus contamination was found in the gloves, cuffs of protective wear, inner surface of biological safety cabinet （BSC） windows, and trash handles. Remarkably, high contamination was found on the inner walls of the centrifuge and the inner surface of centrifuge tube casing in the rotor. Spilling infectious medium on the surface of centrifuge tubes was found to contribute to contamination of centrifuge surfaces. Exposure to sodium hypochlorite containing no less than 0.2 g/L available chlorine decontaminated the surface of the centrifuRe tubes from Rhinovirus after 2 min.

Pathogenesis and Microbiology of Otitis Media with Effusion in Children

Objective: To detect different etiological factors of otitis media with effusion (OME) and different types of microorganisms in middle ear fluids. Methods: This prospective study included 60 patients with otitis media with effusion diagnosed at the otorhinolaryngology (ENT) outpatient clinic with age ranged from 2 to 16 years, 36 males and 24 females. Results: Predisposing factors of OME were rhinosinusitis in 58.3% of cases, adenoid in 20% of cases, adenotonsillitis in 16.7% of cases and tonsillitis in 5% of cases. Microorganisms in middle ear fluids were negative in 70% of cases, isolation of streptococcus pneumonia in 16.7% of cases, Haemophilus influenzae 6.7% and Moraxella catarrhalis 6.7%. Conclusion: Rhinosinusitis was the most frequent predisposing factor of cases of OME. Positive bacterial culture was found in 30% of cases.

Effects of the Partial Replacement of Soybean Meal by Insect or Algae Meal in Chicken Diets with Graded Amino Acid Supply on Parameters of Gut Microbiology and Dietary Protein Quality

Insects or algae are considered future solutions to substitute imported feed proteins like soybean meal (SBM) in animal nutrition. The objective of this research, as part of the multidisciplinary project “Sustainability transitions”, focused on replacing 50% SBM by partly defatted larvae meal from black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens) or the blue-green algae Spirulina platensis in meat type chicken diets. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects on body composition, protein quality, apparent precaecal digestibility (apcD) and parameters of intestinal microbiota. In total, 288 one-day-old male growing chickens (Ross 308) from a commercial hatchery were randomly allotted to 48 pens (6 birds per pen) across five diets, which were fed at a free choice level. The control diet utilized SBM, wheat and corn as main ingredients, and experimental diets replaced 50% of SBM by the alternative proteins under study. Amino acid (AA) supplementation of the final diets was conducted both at a basic level (diets HM, SM;Lys and Met added equal to the control diet) and an extended level of AA fortification (diets HM+, SM+;extended supplementation of Lys, Met, Thr, Arg). After finishing the growth study, 4 individual birds per diet were slaughtered for whole body analyses to derive nutrient utilization and dietary protein quality parameters. Additionally, pooled chyme samples from 16 birds per diet (control, HM and SM) were analyzed to assess apcD and microbial parameters. Diets HM and SM with a basic level of AA fortification led to significant depressions in nutrient deposition and dietary protein quality. However, HM+ and SM+ diets with an extended level of AA supplementation led to significantly improved responses;however these were still generally not on par with the control diet. The HM+ diet provided superior CP deposition and dietary protein quality, as compared to the SM+ diet, but equal to the control diet. Results of gut microbiology yielded no significant effects due to feeding the alternative protein sources under study.

Research Progress of Soil Microbiology

This paper aims at summarized the research progress of soil microbes,in amount of soil microbes including bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes,soil microbial biomass,including microbial biomass carbon,microbial biomass nitrogen and microbial biomass phosphorus,function of microbial and screening and application of beneficial microorganisms etc.,and future research are discussed combined with our project team for many years of work.

How Liquid Based Microbiology Can Change the Workflow in the Microbiology Laboratories

Liquid-based microbiology (LBM) is the future for the technological development of microbiology laboratories. In particular, the Eswab system (by Copan) simplifies and streamlines specimen collection and represents the only liquid system supporting the recovery of all types of bacteria (aerobic, anaerobic, and fastidious bacteria). In addition, LBM offers advantages in the efficiency of microorganism recovery and ease of sampling, transport, and storage. LBM also allows the introduction of true automation in the laboratory: either by using Copan ? (Walk-Away Specimen Processor) or any other commercially available specimen processor that utilizes LBM. In this paper, we illustrate how LBM can positively change laboratory workflow by illustrating several years of our experience with LBM. LBM allows clinical specimen optimization and has several important advantages: cost reduction (due to the smaller number of different devices used), time savings for medical or nursing staff (less confusion in collection device selection and fewer samples being collected), time savings for laboratory staff (fewer samples to access and handle for individual investigations), and patient comfort improvement (multiple sample collection can be avoided). A unique collection device for several investigations also guarantees quality due to the uniformity of the sample and standardization of procedures.

A Study of Application of Multimedia Virtual Simulation Teaching Method in Microbiology Experiments

In view of the problems existing in medical microbiology experiment teaching, the feasibility of applying virtual simulation technology to medical microbiology experiment teaching was discussed in this paper. Virtual technology and reality teaching can be effectively combined to give full play to the advantages of virtual platform, so as to continuously deepen the reform of medical microbiology experimental teaching, enrich the hands of basic medical education, advocate innovative experimental reform with students as the main body, mobilize students' initiative, enthusiasm and creativity, and stimulate students' innovative thinking and innovative consciousness, which can lay a solid foundation for training high-quality and high-skilled innovative medical professionals in colleges and universities.

Food microbiology theory teaching exploration

With the disciplinary development and teaching programs, were choiced of teaching content in food microbiology theoretical teaching. The content in Food microbiology multimedia teaching were analyzed. Through the teaching ideas, combined with the human physiological and multimedia features, were made Multimedia. In the teaching, inspired, strengthen the cultivation of students＇ innovative thinking.

INSTITUTE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE

The Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology was established in 1953.It hasaround 400 staff and 18 departments,namely,the Departments of Hemorrhagic Fever,Genetic Engineering,Brucellosis,Leptospirosis,Immunology,Biochemistry,Plague,AIDS Surveillance,EPI Evaluation,Diarrhoea,Rickettsiosis,Microbiology,Meningitis,Vector Biology and Control,Disinfection,Epidemiology,Social

Interim proposal for collecting and handling of microbiology specimens from patients with COVID‐19 in general hospitals

1|INTRODUCTION Accurate pathogenic testing is essential for early diag-nosis and precise treatment of COVID‐19,and correct specimen collection and handling is vital for accurate diagnosis[1].With the continuing mutations,the pathogenicity of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)has gradually decreased,so the management of COVID‐19 in China has been down-graded to Class B(http://www.nhc.gov.cn).Infections with different SARS‐CoV‐2 variants produce variable clinical manifestations,and the types of specimens vary accordingly[2].The purpose of developing this guideline was to standardize the process of specimen collection and handling for microbiological testing from patients with confirmed or suspected COVID‐19 to avoid incorrect diagnosis and treatment.

英文教材Prescott’s Microbiology的特点及其发展

Mc Graw-Hill Education出版的Prescott’s Microbiology从1990年第1版至今已有近26年,历经了两代作者更替,迄今已出版了10版。该书是在国际上使用较为广泛的微生物学教材,其内容和版本每三年更新一次,力求及时反映学科前沿水平的新知识、新技术。其内容丰富,精深广博;版式编排设计以读者(学生)需求为本;编排合理,结构灵活;图片精美,设计感强;配套教学资源系统完善。对该教材进行深入的研究,了解其体系、知识结构和内容等,对加强我国高校教材建设具有重要借鉴作用。

Novel milestones for early esophageal carcinoma:From bench to bed

Esophageal cancer(EC)is the seventh most common cancer worldwide,and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)accounts for the majority of cases of EC.To effectively diagnose and treat ESCC and improve patient prognosis,timely diagnosis in the initial phase of the illness is necessary.This article offers a detailed summary of the latest advancements and emerging technologies in the timely identification of ECs.Molecular biology and epigenetics approaches involve the use of molecular mechanisms combined with fluorescence quanti-tative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR),high-throughput sequencing technology(next-generation sequencing),and digital PCR technology to study endogenous or exogenous biomolecular changes in the human body and provide a decision-making basis for the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of diseases.The invest-igation of the microbiome is a swiftly progressing area in human cancer research,and microorganisms with complex functions are potential components of the tumor microenvironment.The intratumoral microbiota was also found to be connected to tumor progression.The application of endoscopy as a crucial technique for the early identification of ESCC has been essential,and with ongoing advancements in technology,endoscopy has continuously improved.With the advancement of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,the utilization of AI in the detection of gastrointestinal tumors has become increasingly prevalent.The implementation of AI can effectively resolve the discrepancies among observers,improve the detection rate,assist in predicting the depth of invasion and differentiation status,guide the pericancerous margins,and aid in a more accurate diagnosis of ESCC.

Gastrointestinal tuberculosis:Diagnostic approaches for this uncommon pathology

A case report entitled“Primary gastroduodenal tuberculosis presenting as gastric outlet obstruction”recently published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases presented a rare cause of gastric outlet obstruction and highlighted the atypical manner in which gastrointestinal tuberculosis(TB)can present.The literature with regards to this rare pathology is limited to case reports and case series with the largest being published using data from between 2003 and 2013.However,since then the diagnostic tools available have significantly changed with more modern and increasingly accurate tests now available.This editorial reviews the current state of the art with regards to diagnosis in gastrointestinal TB.