Multi-functional photonic spin Hall effect sensor controlled by phase transition

Photonic spin Hall effect(PSHE), as a novel physical effect in light–matter interaction, provides an effective metrological method for characterizing the tiny variation in refractive index(RI). In this work, we propose a multi-functional PSHE sensor based on VO_(2), a material that can reveal the phase transition behavior. By applying thermal control, the mutual transformation into different phase states of VO_(2) can be realized, which contributes to the flexible switching between multiple RI sensing tasks. When VO_(2) is insulating, the ultrasensitive detection of glucose concentrations in human blood is achieved. When VO_(2) is in a mixed phase, the structure can be designed to distinguish between the normal cells and cancer cells through no-label and real-time monitoring. When VO_(2) is metallic, the proposed PSHE sensor can act as an RI indicator for gas analytes. Compared with other multi-functional sensing devices with the complex structures, our design consists of only one analyte and two VO_(2) layers, which is very simple and elegant. Therefore, the proposed VO_(2)-based PSHE sensor has outstanding advantages such as small size, high sensitivity, no-label, and real-time detection, providing a new approach for investigating tunable multi-functional sensors.

Design of Drilling and Riveting Multi-functional End Effector for CFRP and Aluminum Components in Robotic Aircraft Assembly

To fulfill the demands for higher quality,efficiency and flexibility in aviation industry,a multi-functional end effector is designed to automate the drilling and riveting processes in assembling carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP)and aluminum components for a robotic aircraft assembly system.To meet the specific functional requirements for blind rivet installation on CFRP and aluminum materials,additional modules are incorporated on the end effector aside of the basic processing modules for drilling.And all of these processing modules allow for a onestep-drilling-countersinking process,hole inspection,automatic rivet feed,rivet geometry check,sealant application,rivet insertion and installation.Besides,to guarantee the better quality of the hole drilled and joints riveted,several online detection and adjustment measures are applied to this end effector,including the reference detection and perpendicular calibration,which could effectively ensure the positioning precision and perpendicular accuracy as demanded.Finally,the test result shows that this end effector is capable of producing each hole to a positioning precision within ±0.5 mm,aperpendicular accuracy within 0.3°,a diameter tolerance of H8,and a countersink depth tolerance of±0.01 mm.Moreover,it could drill and rivet up to three joints per minute,with acceptable shearing and tensile strength.

One-step spraying method to construct superhydrophobic magnesium surface with extraordinary robustness and multi-functions

The robust magnesium surfaces with multi-functions are highly desirable,and the simple and scalable methods to construct such surfaces are urgently indispensable.Herein,we conducted a one-step spraying method to facilely fabricate the robust coating with multi-functions on magnesium alloys.The as-sprayed magnesium alloys surface is superhydrophobic with a static water contact angle(WCA)of 157.0°and a roll-off angle of 6.0°.Such surface has excellent mechanical,chemical and thermal stabilities,even undergoing various physical and chemical damages,including sand impact(10 gmin^(-1),≥20 min),water impact(2 impacts s^(-1),≥180 min),abrasion(1.00 kPa,≥25 cycles),peeling(≥2.15 kPa),high temperature(200°C,≥24 h),strong acidic/salty/basic media(p H=113)and organic-solvent immersion(ethanol and n-hexane,≥24 h),demonstrating brilliant robustness.Notably,the surface displays multi-functions of corrosion protection,anti-fouling and heat insulation,which will undoubtedly promote the much wider applications of magnesium alloys.

Development of a novel multi-functional integrated bioconjugate effectively targeting K-Ras mutant pancreatic cancer

Folate receptor(FR)overexpression occurs in a variety of cancers,including pancreatic cancer.In addition,enhanced macropinocytosis exists in K-Ras mutant pancreatic cancer.Furthermore,the occurrence of intensive desmoplasia causes a hypoxic microenvironment in pancreatic cancer.In this study,a novel FR-directed,macropinocytosis-enhanced,and highly cytotoxic bioconjugate folate(F)-human serum albumin(HSA)-apoprotein of lidamycin(LDP)-active enediyne(AE)derived from lidamycin was designed and prepared.F-HSA-LDP-AE consisted of four moieties:F,HSA,LDP,and AE.F-HSA-LDP presented high binding efficiency with the FR and pancreatic cancer cells.Its uptake in wild-type cells was more extensive than in K-Ras mutant-type cells.By in vivo optical imaging,F-HSA-LDP displayed prominent tumor-specific biodistribution in pancreatic cancer xenograft-bearing mice,showing clear and lasting tumor localization for 360 h.In the MTT assay,F-HSA-LDP-AE demonstrated potent cytotoxicity in three types of pancreatic cancer cell lines.It also induced apoptosis and caused G2/M cell cycle arrest.F-HSALDP-AE markedly suppressed the tumor growth of AsPc-1 pancreatic cancer xenografts in athymic mice.At well-tolerated doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg,(i.v.,twice),the inhibition rates were 91.2%and 94.8%,respectively(P<0.01).The results of this study indicate that the F-HSA-LDP multi-functional bioconjugate might be effective for treating K-Ras mutant pancreatic cancer.

Multi-functional vanadium dioxide integrated metamaterial for terahertz wave manipulation

We proposed a vanadium dioxide(VO2)-integrated multi-functional metamaterial structure that consists of three metallic grating layers and two VO2 films separated by SiO2 dielectric spacers.The proposed structure can be flexibly switched among three states by adjusting temperature,incident direction,and polarization.In state 1,the incident wave is strongly transmitted and perfectly converted to its orthogonal polarization state.In state 2,the incident wave is perfectly absorbed.In state 3,incident wave is totally reflected back.The working frequency of the multi-functional metamaterial can be arbitrarily tuned within a broad pass band.We believe that our findings are beneficial in designing temperature-controlled metadevices.

Multi-functional optical fiber sensor system based on a dense wavelength division multiplexer

We propose a novel and efficient multi-functional optical fiber sensor system based on a dense wavelength division multiplexer(DWDM).This system consists of an optical fiber temperature sensor, an optical fiber strain sensor, and a 48-channel DWDM.This system can monitor temperature and strain changes at the same time.The ranges of these two sensors are from-20℃ to 100℃ and from-1000 με to 2000 με, respectively.The sensitivities of the temperature sensor and strain sensor are 0.03572 nm/℃ and 0.03808 nm/N, respectively.With the aid of a broadband source and spectrometer,different kinds and ranges of parameters in the environment can be monitored by using suitable sensors.

A design and application of compound multi-functional sensor in wood-based panel processing

A compound multi-functional sensor was designed by the study on the on-line testing technology of wood-based panels, and its properties of shape, functions, size, resistance to special environment were studied in details. The operational principles of different sensors, technical flow of manufacturing, development of software systems of special functions, and the assessments of technical specification were also be introduced. This sensor adopted many new technologies, such as the applications of piezoresistant effect and heat sensitive effect can effectively measure the pressure and temperature, digital signal processing technology was used to extract and treat signals, and resist interference, encapsulation technology was used to keep the normal run of sensor under a harsh environment. Thus, the on-line compound multi-functional temperature/pressure sensor can be applied better to supervise the production of wood-based panels. All technical specifications of the compound multi-functional sensor were tested and the results met the requirements of the equipments.

Quasi-distribution Appraisal about Finite Element Analysis of Multi-functional Structure Made of Honeycomb Sandwich Materials

A new appraisal method（QDA, quasi-distribution appraisal） which could be used to evaluate the finite element analysis of multi-functional structure made of honeycomb sandwich materials is developed based on sub-section Bezier curve. It is established by simulating the distribution histogram data obtained from the numerical finite element analysis values of a satellite component with sub-section Bezier curve. Being dealt with area normalization method, the simulation curve could be regarded as a kind of probability density function（PDF）, its mathematical expectation and the variance could be used to evaluate the result of finite element analysis. Numerical experiments have indicated that the QDA method demonstrates the intrinsic characteristics of the finite element analysis of multi-functional structure made of honeycomb sandwich materials, as an appraisal method, it is effective and feasible.

Fiber-Loop Ringdown Multi-Function Sensors

We demonstrate a fiber-loop ring down multi-function sensors system, which can be used to measure refractive index and curvature simultaneously. Good agreement has been found between theoretical analyses and experimental results. It has great potential for sensor applications.

Analysis of Dynamic Cross Response between Spindles in a Dual Spindle Type Multi-Functional Turning Machine

In order to meet increasing demand for higher productivity and flexibility, recently many kinds of multi-functional machine tools, which are capable of multiple machining functions or different kinds of machining processes on one machine, have been developed and widely used in manufacturing industries. In this study, a multi-functional turning lathe, which has two spindles and two turrets so that multiple turning operations and various machining processes could be performed simultaneously, has been developed. Furthermore, the equations of correlation between whole responses and cross responses of the two spindles have been derived to examine to what extent the two spindles affect each other’s vibrations.

Considering calcium-binding proteins in invertebrates: multi-functional proteins that shape neuronal growth

Calcium is a critical second messenger molecule in all cells and is vital in neurons for synaptic transmission.Given this importance,calcium ions are tightly controlled by a host of molecular players including ion channels,sensors,and buffering proteins.Calcium can act directly by binding to signaling molecules or calcium’s effects can be indirect,for example by altering nuclear histones.

Design and Development of a Forest Nursery, for the Enhancement of Multi-Functional Agriculture and for a Didactical Purpose

The experimental idea of the present project was elaborated in order to create a structure where different categories and institutions could collaborate, with the common aim to develop a sustainable and profitable agriculture in mountain and marginal areas. The target was the recovering of an abandoned agricultural site, throughout its re-organisation, re-qualification and auto-sustainability, involving local citizens. This approach was based on three further broad functions such as environmental, economic and social purposes. This cooperation, that allows the capitalization of local knowledge and the forging of relationships between local and external sources of expertise, information and advice, is fundamental to the future of existing rural communities, in particular in mountain areas. The model proposed, with the elaboration of a management software and technical agronomic sheets, could be an incentive for the activities already present in that region and to stimulate new ones. The enhancing of the native ecological system, the biodiversity tutelage and the valorization of the knowledge of the territory is the basic requirement for the successful of any land management.

Design and Development of a Multi-functional Laparoscopic Device

This study presents a design of a multifunctional laparoscopic appendectomy device that includes three surgical instruments commonly used in laparoscopic appendicitis surgeries:endoloop,endobag and scissors.It collects these three independent surgical tools in a single laparoscopic appendectomy device.These days there is a trend of moving to multi-functional surgery devices during minimally invasive surgery.The main reasons behind the minimal invasive surgery are to avoid changing the devices several times during the operation,to reduce the time spent in operation,to increase the efficiency of the operation,to facilitate the follow-up of the camera and devices,and to leave trocars to be used for other surgical instruments.The multi-functional appendectomy device that,we present here,provides these benefits.The standard trocar entries are appropriate for its usage.The presented multifunctional laparoscopic appendectomy device offers more practical use in comparison to individual devices.On the other hand,development of these multi-functional surgery devices can be directly enhanced to the robotic surgery devices.

Multi-Functioning in Virtual Monitoring of Thin-Walled Bridges

Multi-functioning in virtual monitoring and assessment of ultimate dynamics of thin-walled bridges is treated in present paper. The approach enables multiple functions in virtual monitoring of the bridges made of integrated thin-walled members with their hierarchical configuration. Theoretical, numerical and experimental in situ assessments of the problem are presented. Some results of structural application are submitted.

A Portable Multi-functional Real-time Digital Simulator Dedicated to Protective Relay Testing

The paper intfoduces a PC-DSP based real-time digital simulator which is portable in size and aimed at the closed-loop testing of various types of protective relays for their design and application. The simulator can be widely used in not only concerning utilities but also manufacturers and research / certification institutes because of its many functions. The hardware architecture and software implementation of the simulator are described. The main features and functions of the simulator are also

Bi-layered coded metasurface for multi-functional hologram with broadband transmission and efficient reflection

A multi-functional full-space metasurface based on frequency and polarization multiplexing is proposed.The metasurface unit consists of metallic patterns printed on the two faces of a single-layered dielectric substrate.The unit cell can control electromagnetic wavefronts to achieve a broadband transmission with amplitudes greater than 0.4 from 4.4 to 10.4 GHz.Meanwhile,at 11.7 GHz and 15.4 GHz,four high-efficiency reflection channels with a reflection amplitude greater than 0.8 are also realized.When illuminated by linearly polarized waves,five different functions can be realized at five different frequencies,which are demonstrated by theoretical calculations,full-wave simulations,and experimental measurements.

Dual-response of multi-functional microsphere system to ultrasound and microenvironment for enhanced bone defect treatment

Using bone tissue engineering strategies to achieve bone defect repair is a promising modality.However,the repair process outcomes are often unsatisfactory.Here we properly designed a multi-functional microsphere system,which could deliver bioactive proteins under the dual response of ultrasound and microenvironment,release microenvironment-responsive products on demand,reverse bone injury microenvironment,regulate the immune microenvironment,and achieve excellent bone defect treatment outcomes.In particular,the MnO_(2) introduced into the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)microspheres during synthesis could consume the acid produced by the degradation of PLGA to protect bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2).More importantly,MnO_(2) could consume reactive oxygen species(ROS)and produce Mn^(2+)and oxygen(O_(2)),further promoting the repair of bone defects while reversing the microenvironment.Moreover,the reversal of the bone injury microenvironment and the depletion of ROS promoted the polarization of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages,and the immune microenvironment was regulated.Notably,the ultrasound(US)irradiation used during treatment also allowed the on-demand release of microenvironment-responsive products.The multi-functional microsphere system combines the effects of on-demand delivery,reversal of bone injury microenvironment,and regulation of the immune microenvironment,providing new horizons for the clinical application of protein delivery and bone defect repair.

Multi-functional epoxides cross-linked collagen sponges for tissue engineering scaffolds

With the efficient cross-linking abilities and the flexible regulation abilities to the performances of cross-linked products,the multi-functional aliphatic epoxides were once widely used to cross-link the collagen-based materials in the last century.In present work,the multi-functional epoxides were used to construct and cross-link collagen sponges for tissue engineering scaffolds,which was hoped to board the theoretical system of epoxides and explore their potentials for modern applications.The bi-to tetra-functional epoxides were used to cross-link collagen solutions and establish the gel-like precursors,then using freeze-drying to form the final sponges.The SEM observed that the sponges had shown regular porous structures with a wide range of pore sizes from 160 to 440μm.The sponges had presented the resistance to enzymatic degradation,shape-remaining ability,and reversible compressibility in aqueous environments,which all could be regulated through the functionalities of epoxides.The regulation abilities of multi-functional epoxides on the performances of sponges had been mainly achieved through the cross-linking degrees that the higherfunctionality of epoxides would bring higher cross-linking degree.Such higher cross-linking degrees could enhance the elastic behaviors of gel-like precursors,and improve the compressive strengths and thermal stabilities of sponges.Nevertheless,the multi-functional epoxides had barely affected the safety of collagen sponges at the cellular level according to the results of CCK8 assay and the SEM and CLSM images of L929 fibroblasts cultured on the cross-sections of sponges.

The Role of Multi-functionality of Agriculture in Sustainable Tourism Development in Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Sites in China

Population growth,loss of biodiversity,and climate change necessitate a new vision for the future of both agriculture and biodiversity.In order to safeguard and support the world＇s agricultural heritage systems,in 2002 the FAO started an initiative for the conservation and adaptive management called Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems （GIAHS）.Tourism is suggested as part of the future as it is considered to be an alternative income source that will not only promote local economic development,but also provide the opportunity for tourists to learn about agriculture and ecology.However,inappropriate tourism in GIAHS sites will bring impacts on local culture and living styles,which not only threatens tourism＇s sustainable development,but also has the potential to damage these unique agricultural systems.This paper proposes that agriculture-based tourism is suitable for GIAHS and that Multi-functionality of Agriculture （MFA） can be the link between agriculture and tourism.This study constructs the framework for tourism development in GIAHS through MFA and applies it to the four GIAHS sites in China.Referring to the quantitative assessment for MFA and a qualitative analysis of the relationship between agriculture and tourism,we can give advice on agricultural tourism development in GIAHS sites.This framework also offers a universal methodology that allows stakeholders to communicate about the multiple functions of GIAHS across scales.