Study on Agronomic Characters and Storage Durability of a New Line of Endurable Storage Hybrid Rice Chucangyou No.1

[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the storage durability of a new line of endurable storage hybrid rice Chucangyou No.1 selected by endurable storage genes of Yunhui 290.[Method] Agronomic characters of the new line and the control II you 838 and Shanyou 63 were comparatively studied,and storage durability of the new line and indica,japonica or hybrid rice were also comparatively analyzed by the accelerated ageing test.[Result] Agronomic characters of the new line were excellent,and germination rate in the artificial accelerated ageing test was significantly higher than those in other materials.[Conclusion] Chucangyou No.1 has the better storage durability,which can be used in large scale of extention.

Characterization of the petiole length in soybean compact architecture mutant M657 and the breeding of new lines

Phenotypic screening of soybean germplasm suitable for high planting density is currently the most viable strategy to increase yield. Previous studies have shown that soybean varieties with dwarf features and a short petiole often exhibit a compact plant architecture which could improve yield through increased planting density, although previously reported short petiole accessions were ultimately not usable for breeding in practice. Here, we established a method to assess petiole length and identified an elite mutant line, M657, that exhibits high photosynthetic efficiency. The agronomic traits of M657 were evaluated under field conditions, and appeared to be stable for short petiole across seven locations in northern, Huang–Huai, and southern China from 2017 to 2018. Compared with the Jihuang 13 wild type, the mutant M657 was shorter in both petiole length and plant height, exhibited lower total area of leaf, seed weight per plant and 100-seed weight, but had an increased number of effective branches and the growth period was prolonged by 2–7 days. Using M657 as a parental line for crosses with four other elite lines, we obtained four lines with desirable plant architecture and yield traits, thus demonstrating the feasibility of adopting M657 in breeding programs for soybean cultivars of high density and high yield.

Genetic Parameters Evaluation of Main Reproductive Traits for the New Yorkshire Dam Line with High Prolificacy

The genetic parameters of main reproductive traits for the new Yorkshire line with high prolificacy were evaluated by multiple animal model DFREML The re- suits showed that the heritability evaluates of the total number of born （TNB）, alive number of born （ANB）, litter weigh at birth （LWB） and litter weight at age of 21 days were 0.10, 0.15, 0.09 and 0.14, respectively. The genetic correlations between these traits, for example, the correlations between TNB/ANB, NB/LWB, TNB/LW21, ANB/LWB, ANB/LW21 and LWB/LW21 were 0.87, 0.74, 0.43, 0.69, 0.59 and 0.51, respectively.

Combined Selection Index for New Yorkshire Dam Line with High Prolificacy

The combined selection index used in the breeding of new Yorkshire dam line with high prolificacy according to breeding objects was formulated as /：2.272E- BVNB-0.056EBVDAYS. After 5 generations breeding, the two main selected traits such as total number of born and age at 100 kg weight was 12.17 piglets/litter and 165.18 d, respectively. The genetic improvements per generates was 0.156 and -2.198, respec- tively. The breeding objects of the new Yorkshire dam line with high prolificacy were basically reached. It indicated that the methods and index could be used in pig breeding.

Bad Bug Does Good A benign bacteria that kills human pathogens could become the first in a new line of weapons—living antibiotics

“以毒攻毒”,中国的传统医学一直在实践着这一体现着“对立统一”的辩证理论。今天,德国科学家Stephan Schuster对Bdellovibrio这一蛭弧菌的基因组的研究再次印证了这一点,而且似乎给许多细菌感染患者带来了福音。

Characterization of QTL for unique agronomic traits of new-plant-type rice varieties using introgression lines of IR64

To enhance the yield potential of an elite indica rice cultivar,an introgression(BC_3-derived) line of IR64,YTH288,was developed using a new-plant-type cultivar,IR66215-44-2-3,as a donor parent.YTH288 has agronomically valuable characteristics such as large panicles,few unproductive tillers,and large leaves inherited from NPT.To identify the genetic basis of these traits,we used 167 F_2 plants derived from a cross between IR64 and YTH288 to conduct QTL analysis for five agronomic traits:days to heading(DTH),culm length(CL),flag leaf length(FLL),flag leaf width(FLW),and filled spikelet number per panicle(FSN).Six putative QTL were detected:four on chromosome4(for CL,FLL,FLW,and FSN) and two on chromosome 2(for DTH and FLL).All QTL with the IR66215-44-2-3 allele,except that for FLL on chromosome 2,had positive effects on each trait.To confirm the effects of these putative QTL,we developed NILs with the IR64 genetic background by marker-assisted selection.We observed significant differences in several agronomic traits between IR64 and NILs that carried these QTL on chromosomes2 and 4.Additionally,four IR64-NILs carrying chromosomal segments derived from different NPT varieties on the long arm of chromosome 4 exhibited similar pleiotropic To enhance the yield potential of an elite indica rice cultivar, an introgression(BC3-derived) line of IR64, YTH288, was developed using a new-plant-type cultivar,IR66215-44-2-3, as a donor parent. YTH288 has agronomically valuable characteristics such as large panicles, few unproductive tillers, and large leaves inherited from NPT.To identify the genetic basis of these traits, we used 167 F2 plants derived from a cross between IR64 and YTH288 to conduct QTL analysis for five agronomic traits: days to heading(DTH), culm length(CL), flag leaf length(FLL), flag leaf width(FLW), and filled spikelet number per panicle(FSN). Six putative QTL were detected: four on chromosome4(for CL, FLL, FLW, and FSN) and two on chromosome 2(for DTH and FLL). All QTL with the IR66215-44-2-3 allele, except that for FLL on chromosome 2, had positive effects on each trait. To confirm the effects of these putative QTL, we developed NILs with the IR64 genetic background by marker-assisted selection. We observed significant differences in several agronomic traits between IR64 and NILs that carried these QTL on chromosomes2 and 4. Additionally, four IR64-NILs carrying chromosomal segments derived from different NPT varieties on the long arm of chromosome 4 exhibited similar pleiotropiceffects for unique agronomic traits. These NILs can be used as research materials for studying each trait and as breeding materials for yield improvement of indica rice cultivars.

NEW VARIETIES AND LINES

Ⅱ-you 92: a new hybrid rice for late seasonⅡ-you 92 is an indica hybrid rice that was developed by Jinhua Agri Res Inst, Zhejiang Province.Ⅱ-you 92 has a suitable growth duration of 122-125 d as double-cropping late season rice, 3-4 dshorter than that of Shanyou 64 and 6-7 d shorter than Shanyou 10. It has a compact plant type, high tiller-ing ability and plant height of 85-90 cn. A number of 3.4-3.6 million effective panicles per ha can be

A remarkable progress in breeding new rice line through gene engineering

Much progress has been made in the research of breeding new rice line through gene engineering by Life Science College of Fudan Univ, Shanghai, and the Plant Science Res Inst of Shanghai Acad of Agri. It was the first time internationally that the research adopted a man-combined gene, taking agrobacterium as car-

NEW VARIETIES AND LINES

Qixiuzhan 3:a new high-yielding, good-quality indica rice varietyBy crossing Qishanzhan with Xinxiu 299, a new variety Qixiuzhan 3 was developed by the Rice Res Inst ofGuangdong Acad of Agri Sci.Being planted in the early season, this variety belongs to mid-late-maturity rice, with the same ma-

Zhe9248—a new scented rice line cames out in Zhejiang

This novel rice line is developed recently’by a research team led by Associate Prof QIU Baiqin, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Zhe 9248 is of high resistance to blast, early mature and of higher yield. Being soft, smooth, and glossy, the cooked rice of "Zhe 9248" has excellent eating quality. The kernels of "Zhe 9248" are hardened to such a degree that they could be capa-

Riding Kenya’s New Train Line

The recently completed Mombasa-Nairobi railway brings a new era of train travel in Kenya.

基于GT双标图对小麦新品系的分类评价

为了从产量、品质方面准确评价旱肥地试验小麦新品系,以2020—2021年连续2年参加国家黄淮冬麦区旱地组多点比较试验的26份新品系为材料,应用多元统计方法分析了大田条件下2年间产量和品质性状的变化。结果表明:26份品系的产量和品质性状2年变异系数分别为2.0%~74.2%和2.1%~95.1%,变异较大,变异系数大小顺序依次为稳定时间>湿面筋含量>蛋白质含量>吸水率=单位面积产量>容重;相关分析表明,2年产量与品质性状存在负相关关系,稳定时间均与蛋白质含量、吸水量正相关,稳定时间与产量负相关,其中稳定时间与蛋白质含量相关系数均较高。在相关分析的基础上,采用聚类分析方法将2年中26份小麦参试品系聚为4类,并在主成分品种、性状(genotype by trait,GT)双标图(biplot)和聚类图中进行展示,聚类结果与新品系的实际表现一致,其中‘泰科麦4835’‘洛旱35’‘农大162’‘山农611436’连续2年划为同一类型,表现为产量较高、品质优良。该研究结果可为参试新品系的合理评价和推广应用提供理论依据。

线椒新品种优美墨丽的选育

优美墨丽是以自交系15DP091做母本、自交系15DP089为父本杂交选育而成的深绿皮线椒杂交1代新品种。该品种植株生长健壮,株型紧凑,茎秆粗壮,叶片深绿厚实,果实线形,青熟果深绿色,熟果红色鲜亮且不变软。顺直,肉质肥厚,辣味浓厚,坐果集中,坐果能力强。在河南早春保护地、秋延保护地种植,全生育期168 d,属中早熟线椒品种。始花节位9~10节。株高65 cm左右,株幅65~70 cm。果实长26~30 cm,果实宽1.5~2.0 cm,果肉厚度0.20 cm,心室数平均2.5个。辣椒素含量(w,后同)32.8 mg·kg^(-1),维生素C含量958 mg·kg^(-1),平均单果质量20 g,平均667 m^(2)产量2686.7 kg。抗疫病、炭疽病、中抗病毒病,耐低温耐弱光。适合河南各地早春、秋延保护地及福建、江苏、四川、云南、山东、海南早春、秋延保护地和露地种植。2018年12月通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。

基于可控串联电抗的新能源送出线路故障性质识别方法

针对不带并联电抗器的新能源送出线,能否正确区分故障性质是确保新能源系统安全可靠运行的重中之重。为降低新能源送出线故障对电力设备和系统的冲击,提高重合闸成功率,减少新能源发电系统脱网的发生,提出基于可控串联电抗限流信息的新能源送出线路故障性质识别方法。在送出线路上设计串联可控限流电抗器,在线路故障相跳闸时基于等值阻抗的预判投入可控电抗,在串联电抗限流特性下分析瞬时性故障和永久性故障时的线路电流差异,建立电流突变量比较判据,并能够确定故障电弧熄灭时刻,进而构建新能源场站送出线路基于故障性质识别的自适应重合闸策略。仿真结果表明,所提方法能快速、可靠地识别结果,应用在新能源场站送出线路工程上能有效提高线路的重合率。

从三线建设到“新三线建设”:四川高校高质量发展的历史借鉴、价值指向与时代进路

在加快建构新发展格局背景下,以林毅夫为代表的一些学者提出了“新三线建设”发展思路。这一思路与20世纪三线建设思路高度契合。三线建设时期,党中央十分重视高校迁建工作,这为四川高校建设的总体布局、精神培育、人才培养和学科建设等方面积累了很多宝贵经验。这些历史经验无疑为“新三线建设”时期四川高校高质量发展提供了价值遵循:必须服务国家战略,必须坚持教育、科技、人才一体化发展,必须坚持产教融合,必须坚持开放互鉴,必须坚持精神传承。因此,“新三线建设”时期,四川高校高质量发展,一是要推动高等教育资源优化配置,注重共建共享,均衡发展;二是要坚持立德树人、差异化发展,推动四川教育、科技、人才一体化发展;三是要坚持基础为先,注重产教融合;四是要打造教育对外开放新高地,推动四川高校高质量建设对外高水平开放;五是要进一步继承与发扬艰苦创业、无私奉献精神,助力四川高校高质量建设新突破。

“双碳”背景下钢铁新产线选址的环境结合度评价——以中国宝武为例

为准确测度“双碳”(即碳达峰、碳中和的合称)背景下具体工业门类选址与环境体系的结合发展实效,通过研究钢铁新产线的选址取向及环境关切转变,提出新产线选址的环境结合度评价框架。通过数据包络分析(Data Envelopment Analysis,DEA)模型计算环境-经济效率,通过动态综合评价模型揭示时间序列上效率的变化特征,以构建一套钢铁新产线选址的环境结合度评价方法,进而对中国宝武钢铁集团部分生产基地开展实证分析。评价结果为上海宝山基地的环境结合度最高。研究表明:环境结合度是“双碳”背景下钢铁新产线向既有基地选址时主要的环境关切,而环境结合度的评价框架和评价方法可有效表征连续时间序列上既有基地与所在城市环境体系的互促共进态势,对大型钢企未来选址新产线具有一定指导作用。

新能源汽车电池的在线监测与原位分析技术

为控制新能源汽车电池耗电量,并对其电能消耗行为进行原位分析,针对新能源汽车电池的在线监测与原位分析技术展开研究。完善动力锂电池组结构模型,根据汽车电池的热耦合特性,推导监测核函数,实现新能源汽车电池的在线监测。在此基础上,确定汽车电池的电极材料,并分别从表征特性、拉曼光谱两个角度,对其电池元件的原位特性进行研究。

基于地铁客流与建成环境映射关系的新线车站分类方法

科学合理的车站分类对于客流特征研究预测、车站设施布局优化以及周边土地开发建设具有重要意义。针对新线开通前新建车站客流数据未知而导致车站分类不准的问题,提出一种基于地铁客流与建成环境映射关系的新线车站分类方法。首先,从客流角度选取组合聚类指标对既有车站进行聚类,形成各类车站的客流特征区间。其次,从建成环境角度计算既有车站的土地混合熵、不同POI(Point of interest)数量、度和介数等特征,利用随机森林(Random forest,RF)重要度指标筛选和对数变换拟合确定建成环境特征与地铁客流特征的映射关系表达式。最后,输入新线车站的建成环境特征,依据上述映射关系计算新线车站的客流特征值,结合既有车站的客流特征区间进行新线车站客流特征归类,实现客流数据缺失条件下的新线车站分类。为验证方法有效性,采用北京地铁数据进行案例验证。研究结果表明:基于地铁客流与建成环境映射关系的分类方法能够实现新线车站开通前的车站类型提前划分,具有较好的分类结果;进一步分析发现工作日车站与周末车站分类存在的差异与通勤行为特性、土地开发程度有关;研究方法在不同线路数据集上都表现出较好的分类效果,具有较强的适用性。研究结果可为缺失数据条件下的车站分类和新线开通期地铁运营组织提供新的思路和方法。

绿豆创新种质的芽用特性分析

绿豆芽富含维生素、膳食纤维等营养物质,培育绿豆芽专用新品种可有效提高芽菜品质及生产效益。前期基于绿豆核心种质资源的芽用特性评价,创制出早熟矮生、高产广适的新种质35份,本研究对这35份绿豆新种质进行了芽长、芽粗、芽豆比等性状初步评估。结果表明,不同种质的芽长变异范围最大,为5.56~7.42 cm,变异系数为13.36%;芽粗变异范围为2.41~3.24 mm,变异系数为13.00%;芽豆比变异范围为8.12~10.36,变异系数为3.60%。相关分析显示芽豆比与芽粗(R=0.817)呈极显著正相关,与百粒重(R=-0.583)、芽长(R=-0.137)则呈一定的负相关。芽重与芽长、芽粗、百粒重的回归方程也表明,芽粗对芽重的贡献远大于芽长和百粒重,是芽用品种筛选的首选性状。基于芽用性状分析,分别筛选出适宜细长型豆芽的新种质21XJ54-1、21BJ育95、21XJ54-2及适宜粗壮型豆芽的新种质21BJ育96、21XJ56-1、21DT46、中绿27等。对不同产地中绿27的发芽试验表明,生态环境也影响芽长和芽粗。其中河北丰宁生产的中绿27芽豆比最高(10.27),其次是河南新乡(9.94);新疆昌吉中绿27的豆芽最长(6.23 cm),而河北丰宁的豆芽最粗(3.70 mm)。本研究结果为绿豆芽专用种质的筛选与培育提供了亲本材料,为绿豆芽产业的安全健康发展奠定了基础。