Evaluation of Characteristics of Non-Metallic Inclusions in P/M Ni-Base Superalloy by Automatic Image Analysis

Non-metallic inclusions,especially the large ones,within P/M Ni-base superalloy have a major influence on fatigue characteristics,but are not directly measurable by routine inspection.In this paper,a method,automatic image analysis,is proposed for estimation of the content,size and amount of non-metallic inclusions in superalloy.The methodology for the practical application of this method is described and the factors affecting the precision of the estimation are discussed.In the experiment,the characteristics of the non-metallic inclusions in Ni-base P/M superalloy are analyzed.

Effect of continuous casting speed on mold surface flow and the related near-surface distribution of non-metallic inclusions

For the control of surface defects in interstitial-free(IF) steel, quantitative metallographic analyses of near-surface inclusions and surface liquid flow detection via the nail-board tipping method were conducted. The results show that, at casting speeds of 0.8 and 1.0 m/min, a thin liquid mold flux layer forms and non-uniform floating of argon bubbles occurs, inducing the entrainment and subsequent entrapment of the liquid flux; fine inclusion particles of Al_2O_3 can also aggregate at the solidification front. At higher casting speeds of 1.4 and 1.6 m/min, the liquid mold flux can be entrained and carried deeper into the liquid steel pool because of strong level fluctuations of the liquid steel and the flux. The optimal casting speed is approximately 1.2 m/min, with the most favorable surface flow status and, correspondingly, the lowest number of inclusions near the slab surface.

Current Trends and Perspectives of Detection and Location for Buried Non-Metallic Pipelines

Buried pipelines are an essential component of the urban infrastructure of modern cities.Traditional buried pipes are mainly made of metal materials.With the development of material science and technology in recent years,non-metallic pipes,such as plastic pipes,ceramic pipes,and concrete pipes,are increasingly taking the place of pipes made from metal in various pipeline networks such as water supply,drainage,heat,industry,oil,and gas.The location technologies for the location of the buried metal pipeline have become mature,but detection and location technologies for the non-metallic pipelines are still developing.In this paper,current trends and future perspectives of detection and location of buried non-metallic pipelines are summarized.Initially,this paper reviews and analyzes electromagnetic induction technologies,electromagnetic wave technologies,and other physics-based technologies.It then focuses on acoustic detection and location technologies,and finally introduces emerging technologies.Then the technical characteristics of each detection and location method have been compared,with their strengths and weaknesses identified.The current trends and future perspectives of each buried non-metallic pipeline detection and location technology have also been defined.Finally,some suggestions for the future development of buried non-metallic pipeline detection and location technologies are provided.

Study on non-metallic inclusions in Al killed high strength alloy steel refined by high basicity and high Al_2O_3 content slag

Laboratory and industrial studies were carried out to investigate non-metallic inclusions in high strength alloy steel refined by high basicity and high Al_2O_3 slag.It was found that the steel/slag reaction time largely affected non-metallic inclusions.With the reaction time increased from 30 min to 90 min in laboratory study,MgO-Al_2O_3 spinels were gradually changed into CaO-MgO-Al_2O_3 system inclusions surrounded by softer CaO-Al_2O_3 surface layers.By using high basicity slag which contained as much as 41%Al_2O_3 in the laboratory study,ratio of low melting temperature CaO-MgO-Al_2O_3 system inclusions was remarkably increased to above 80%.In the industrial experiment,during the secondary refining,the inclusions changed in order of 'Al_2O_3→MgO-Al_2O_3→CaO-MgO-Al_2O_3'.Through the LF and RH refining,most inclusions could be transferred to lower melting temperature CaO-Al_2O_3 and CaO-MgO-Al_2O_3 system inclusions.

Effects of argon gas flow rate and guide shell on oxygen concentration in Czochralski silicon growth

φ200 mm silicon single crystals were grown in the φ450 mm hot zone of a Czochralski （CZ） furnace. By modifying the pattern and the velocity of the argon flow, the silicon single crystals with different oxygen concentrations were obtained. Through numerical simulation, the velocity of the argon gas flow was plotted for the first time. The experiment resuits were analyzed and the optimum condition of the argon flow with the lowest oxygen concentration was obtained.

A presumed iridocyclitis developed to panophthalmitis caused by a non-metallic intraocular foreign body

Dear Editor,I write to present one case report of a patient suffered the panophthalmitis caused by non-metallic foreign body with no etiologic agent and recovered quickly by phacoemulsification and vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade.Ocular trauma remains a major cause of blindness, particularly in the working-age population.

Three-dimensional analysis technology for accurately characterizing non-metallic inclusion particles in steel

In this paper, a kind of three-dimensional analysis technology for characterizing non-metallic inclusions in steel was clearly elaborated. It is an electron microscopy observation, namely the non-aqueous electrolysis extraction method with a settled coulometer. In the research,the extraction effects of non-metallic inclusions in different electrolysis systems were studied, and it was concluded that alkalescent 2% TEA non-aqueous electrolyte was applicable for extracting most of non-metallic inclusion particles in steel. And then, in order to ensure the microscopic characterization and statistical calculation of inclusion particles, some electrolysis parameters should be confirmed, such as the size of the sample, control of the electrolysis mass, electric current, etc. Furthermore, for preventing the disturbance of carbides and presenting clear three-dimensional appearance by microscopic characterization, magnetic separation was utilized to separate the inclusion particles from carbides, which was useful for getting more veracious types, particle sizes and chemical composition of inclusions. Moreover, through calculation of quantity and particle size of inclusions in continuous determinate fields, the total quantity per unit volume or area and the particle size distribution of inclusions could be acquired by conversion with electrolysis loss. Besides, the comparison between this method and traditional quantitative metallography was also discussed, and finally, a conclusion was drawn that both of them have respectively applications in characterizing inclusions.

Behavior of Non-metallic Inclusions in Centrifugal Induction Electroslag Castings

In order to know the behavior of non-metallic inclusions in centrifugal induction electroslag castings (CIESC), non-metallic inclusions in 5CrMnMo and 4Cr5MoSiV1 were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The largest size of inclusions in the casting and the thermodynamic possibility of TiN precipitation in steel were also calculated. The results show that sulfide inclusions are evenly distributed and the content is low. The amount of oxide inclusions in CIESC: 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel is close to the ESR steel and lower than that in the EAF steel, and there are some differences along radial direction. Nitride inclusions are fine and the diameter of the largest one is 3-1 mum. With the increase of the centrifugal machine's rotational speed, the ratio of round inclusions increases and the ratio of sharp inclusions decreases. According to the experiment and the calculation results, it is pointed out that the largest diameter of non-metallic inclusions in the CIESC 4Cr5MoSiV1 casting is only 6.6 mum, and [N%][Ti%] in 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel should be controlled less than 4.4x 10(-5) in order to further reduce the amount and size of TiN inclusions.

Non-metallic Inclusions in Continuously Cast Aluminum Killed Steels

In aluminum killed steels, the size, shape, quantity and formation of non-metallic inclusions in ladle steel (before and after RH vacuum treatment) and in tundish as well as in slabs were studied by EPMA (Electron Probe Microanalysis) and by analyzing the total oxygen. The results showed that in the slabs the total oxygen was quite low and the inclusions discovered were mainly small-sized angular alumina inclusions. This indicates that most inclusions have been removed by floating out during the continuous casting process. In addition, the countermeasures were discussed to decrease the alumina inclusions in the slabs further.

RALS胆管腔内照射治疗胆管癌

[日本《同位素新闻》1993年12月号报道] 日本千叶县癌中心消化系统外科,8年来用RALS(远距离后装源系统)进行胆管腔内照射治疗胆管癌,取得了明显的疗效。目前日本有120个医疗单位拥有RALS,胆管腔内照射可望成为临床治疗癌症的方法。 1.疗效及副作用 从1986年到1993年6月,该中心对胆管癌(34例)、胆囊癌(3例)、胆管细胞癌(9例)、胃癌肝十二指肠间膜转移(2例)

The extending length calculation of hydraulic drive non-metallic completion screen pipe running into ultra-short radius horizontal well

Focusing on the extending length restriction of the completion screen pipe resistance running into ultra-short radius horizontal well,this paper proposed technology of hydraulic drive completion tubular string running into ultra-short radius horizontal well.Innovative hydraulic drive tools and string structure are designed,which are composed of guide tubing,hydraulic drive tubing and non-metallic completion screen pipe from inside to outside.A novel mechanical-hydraulic coupling model is established.Based on the wellbore structure of an ultra-short radius horizontal well for deep coalbed methane,the numerical calculations of force and hydraulic load on tubular strings were accomplished by the mechanical-hydraulic coupling model.The results show that the extending length of completion tubular string with the hydraulic drive is 17 times that of conventional completion technology under the same conditions.The multi-factor orthogonal design is adopted to analyze the numerical calculations,and the results show that the extending length of the completion tubular string is mainly affected by the completion tubular string structure and the friction coefficient between the non-metallic composite continuous screen pipe and the wellbore.Two series of hydraulic drive completion tubular string structures suitable for ultra-short radius horizontal wells under different conditions are optimized,with the extending limits of 381 m and 655 m,respectively.These researches will provide theoretical guidance for design and control of hydraulic drive non-metallic composite continuous completion screen pipe running into ultra-short radius horizontal wells.

Studies of non-metallic organic disinfectants on inactivation of avian influenza viruses

Six different kinds of non-metallic or organic disinfectants were obtained in this research study including “Neutral Electrolyzed Water”, “M22” organic disinfectant solution, Superoxy Food Wash disinfectant, Hydrogen Peroxide, Clorox Germicidal Bleach and Clidox-S. The effectiveness of these disinfectants was studied against various subtypes of avian influenza virus (AIV). The virus-disinfectant mixtures were prepared in serial dilutions of each disinfectant with a constant virus titer and incubated at ambient temperature in different time intervals for virus inactivation. The virus inactivation results were determined by virus recovery in embryonating chicken eggs. Among the six different kinds of nonmetallic disinfectants obtained for this research project, Neutral Electrolyzed Water, “M22” solution, Clorox Germicidal Bleach and Clidox-S were effectively inactivated AIV with appropriate working dilutions and reaction times. Superoxy Food Wash disinfectant and Hydrogen Peroxide were found having limited effect on virus inactivation with extended exposure times of more than 2 hours. These research findings provide scientific data to poultry industry with guidelines to select and use non-metallic organic disinfectants for poultry flock sanitation and disinfection to effectively prevent and control of avian influenza outbreaks.

Charging of Materials Non-Metallic Used in Underground Mines Endangered by Firedamp and/or Coal Dust

The expansion parts and components of non-metallic in devices have become a fait accompli. In the case parts, components of non-metallic are used in atmospheres explosive and may be a potential source of ignition [1]. Ignition hazards due to static electricity from the charged non-conductive non-metallic materials are well known [2]. The prevalence protection metal parts and components of anti-corrosion exist in any device equipped with a metal casing. Inherent risks associated services are caused by static electricity. Electrostatic phenomena arise in many situations, in a variety of environments and industries. The occurrence of charge static in many cases unexpected is unwanted and requires the use of expensive preventive measures. Brush discharge and propagating brush discharge (e.g. composite coating about non-conductive electrostatic properties of an isolated base conductive) create explosion hazard in underground endangered by firedamp and/or coal dust [3].

Ral家族与肿瘤

肿瘤的生长有赖于肿瘤细胞的生存和增殖,而肿瘤的侵袭转移则主要依赖于细胞的迁移。在Ras蛋白家族中,许多成员影响着细胞形态,个别成员可以直接影响细胞迁移。其中,Ral家族成员参与肿瘤的生成、侵袭和转移等过程。现在普遍认为,Ral家族成员主要通过影响细胞的迁移对肿瘤的侵袭和转移起作用。Ral A和RalB两种蛋白序列高度同源,而最近研究发现,Ral A和RalB可能对肿瘤迁移起着相反的作用,这也就使对Ral A和RalB作用的研究有了新的方向。

采用X射线衍射解析人鸟嘌呤核苷酸解离刺激因子(RalGDS)Ras结合结构域的空间结构

Ras结合结构域(RBD)是鸟嘌呤核苷酸解离刺激因子(Ral GDS)家族成员C-端的高保守区,通过它连接Ras和Ras相关蛋白。利用Red Wings和SGC-1 screens相关的悬滴法设盘结晶,按体积比1∶1加蛋白液到含1∶100胞内蛋白酶Glu-C(w/w)的结晶溶液(2 mol/L(NH4)2SO4,0.2 mol/L Na Ac,0.1 mol/L HEPES,5%MPD,p H 7.5)中,晶体3天长成可组装大小。利用X-射线晶体衍射技术解析了人Ral GDS的Ras结合域(Ral GDS-RBD)的晶体结构,对比鼠和人Ral GDS-RBD,主要是Ras结合区的C-端不同。人Ral GDS-RBD通过Glu838和Glu840在Ral GDS和Ras蛋白间形成氢键,而在同一位点,鼠Ral GDS-RBD通过Asp820和Asp822形成氢键。人Ral GDS-RBD结构中含ββαββαβ-型三维结构的泛素样构象,一个单体的C-端残基与相邻单体的β折叠形成平行βββββ结构。

siRNA沉默RALA基因影响人白血病K562细胞增殖和凋亡

目的:研究小干扰RNA(siRNA)抑制v-ral猴白血病病毒癌基因同系物A(RALA)基因表达对人慢性粒细胞性白血病K562细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法:利用LipofectamineTM2000将化学合成的RALA siRNA转染体外培养的K562细胞,四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测RALA siRNA对K562细胞增殖的影响;台盼蓝拒染法检测RALA siRNA对K562细胞存活率的影响;real-time PCR检测RALA mRNA表达水平;Western blotting检测RALA蛋白表达水平;annexin V/PI双染流式细胞仪检测RALA siRNA对K562细胞凋亡的影响;Hoechst 33258染色荧光显微镜观察细胞形态学变化。结果:RALA siRNA可明显抑制K562细胞内RALA mRNA和蛋白的表达(P<0.05);与阴性对照组相比,转染RALA siRNA的K562细胞增殖明显受到抑制(P<0.05);流式细胞术结果显示转染RALA siRNA的K562细胞凋亡较阴性对照组显著增加(P<0.05);Hoechst 33258染色见转染RALA siRNA的K562细胞出现典型的凋亡形态学变化。结论:癌基因RALA在白血病发生发展过程中发挥重要作用。siRNA下调RALAmRNA和蛋白的表达,可抑制人白血病K562细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,提示RALA可能是白血病治疗的新靶点。

利用RAL设计系统确定低视生反差的研究

本研究从反差的基本理论出发,对亮度Y进行了深入分析,并对RAL设计系统与孟塞尔系统进行了比较,指出了利用RAL色卡设计系统确定低视生反差的方法。

RAL国家重点实验室产业价值创新实践

基于创新生态系统理论,分析了RAL国家重点实验室产业价值创新历程,发现大学能够长期融入产业创新的基础是建设实验平台和具有企业家精神。在大规模技术引进背景下的产学合作中,大学为产业服务的同时,吸收产业知识,完善实验平台,为攻克主流技术和探索前沿技术提供基础;产业受益于大学提供的技术服务,具有企业家精神的大学则为产业提供了赶超世界同行的机遇。

RAL-STAINER自动染色仪对抗酸染色的性能评估

目的 评估RAL-STAINER自动染色仪对抗酸染色的性能。方法 收集标本,分别进行手工抗酸染色和仪器抗酸染色,评价自动染色仪的染色效果的合格率与手工染色的染色结果的一致率、仪器染色的重复性、与室间质评预期结果的符合率、交叉污染和工作性能等。结果 RAL-STAINER自动染色仪对各类标本抗酸染色背景基本无杂质,细菌和细胞色泽鲜明、结构清楚,染色效果的合格率为100%。自动染色仪与手工抗酸染色一致率为100%。仪器染色的重复性为100%。使用自动染色仪,两次室间质评结果均100%符合预期。自动染色仪批量染色时,无交叉污染。自动染色仪操作简便、通量高、染色效果稳定、生物安全性好。结论RAL-STAINER自动染色仪对抗酸染色的性能较好。

Recent advances in non-metal doped titania for solar-driven photocatalytic/photoelectrochemical water-splitting

Photocatalytic (PC) / Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting under solar light irradiation is considered as a prospective technique to support the sustainable and renewable H_(2) economy and to reach the ultime goal of carbon neutral. TiO_(2) based photocatalysts with high chemical stability and excellent photocatalytic properties have great potential for solar-to-H_(2) conversion. To conquer the challenges of the large band-gap and rapid recombination of photo generated electron-holepairs in TiO_(2), non-metal doping turns out to be economic, facile, and effective on boosting the visible light activity. The localized defect states such as oxygen vacancy and Ti^(3+) generated by non-metal doping are located in the band-gap of TiO_(2), which result in the reduction of band-gap, thus a red-shift of the absorption edge. The hetero doping atoms such as B^(3+), I^(7+), S^(4+)/S^(6+), P^(5+) can also act as electron donors or trap sites which facilitate the charge carrier separation and suppress the recombination of electron-hole pairs. In this comprehensive review, we present the most recent advances on non-metal doped TiO_(2) photocatalysts in terms of fundamental aspects, origin of visible light activity and the PC / PEC behaviours for water splitting. In particular, the characteristics of different non-metal elements (N, C, B, S, P, Halogens) as dopants are discussed in details focusing on the synthesis approaches, characterization as well as the efficiency of PC and PEC water splitting. The present review aims at guiding the readers who want quick access to helpful information about how to efficiently improve the performance of photocatalysts by simple doping strategies and could stimulate new intuitive into the new doping strategies.