Moving contact line problem: Advances and perspectives

The solid-liquid interface, which is ubiquitous in nature and our daily life, plays fundamental roles in a variety of physical-chemical-biological- mechanical phenomena, for example in lubrication, crystal growth, and many biological reactions that govern the building of human body and the functioning of brain. A surge of interests in the moving contact line （MCL） problem, which is still going on today, can be traced back to 1970s primarily because of the exis- tence of the ＂Huh-Scriven paradox＂. This paper, mainly from a solid mechanics perspective, describes very briefly the multidisciplinary nature of the MCL problem, then summarizes some major advances in this exciting research area, and some future directions are presented.

Predictions of friction and flash temperature in marine gears based on a 3D line contact mixed lubrication model considering measured surface roughness

Wear and scuffing failures often occur in marine transmission gears due to high friction and flash temperature at the interface between the meshing-teeth.In this paper,a numerical solution procedure was developed for the predictions of transient friction and flash temperature in the marine timing gears during one meshing circle based on the 3D line contact mixed lubrication simulation,which had been verified by comparing the flash temperature with those from Blok’s theory.The effect of machined surface roughness on the mixed lubrication characteristics is studied.The obtained results for several typical gear pairs indicate that gear pair 4-6 exhibits the largest friction and the highest interfacial temperature increase due to severe rough surface asperity contacts,while the polished gear surfaces yield the smallest friction and the lowest interfacial temperature.In addition,the influences of the operating conditions and the gear design parameters on the friction-temperature behaviors are discussed.It is observed that the conditions of heavy load and low rotational velocity usually lead to significantly increased friction and temperature.In the meantime,by optimizing the gear design parameters,such as the modulus and the pressure angle,the performance of interfacial friction and temperature can be significantly improved.

New Monitoring Technologies for Overhead Contact Line at 400 km.h-1

Various technologies have recently been developed for high-speed railways, in order to boost commercial speeds from 300 km.h： to 400 km.h-1. Among these technologies, this paper introduces the 400 km-h-1 class current collection performance evaluation methods that have been developed and demonstrated by Korea. Specifically, this paper reports details of the video-based monitoring techniques that have been adopted to inspect the stability of overhead contact line （OCL） components at 400 km.h-1 without direct contact with any components of the power supply system. Unlike conventional OCL monitoring systems, which detect contact wire positions using either laser sensors or line cameras, the developed system measures parameters in the active state by video data. According to experimental results that were obtained at a field-test site established at a commercial line, it is claimed that the proposed mea- surement system is capable of effectively measuring OCL parameters.

ESTIMATION OF RESIDUAL CONTACT PRESSURE IN HYDRAULICALLY EXPANDED CRA-LINED PIPE

The mechanically bonded CRA-lined pipe is developed to meet the need forcorrosion-resistant alloy steel pipe. Residual contact pressure at the interface of lined pipe isimportant factor that governs the quality of lined pipe. A simplified theoretical method ispresented to predict the residual contact pressure created by hydraulic pressure. The calculatingequation related hydro-forming pressure to the residual contact pressure between two metal faces isderived. And the validation of the proposed equation is accomplished by comparing its result tothose obtained by experimental investigation.

ANALYSIS OF THE SINGULARITY FOR THE VERTICAL CONTACT PROBLEM OF LINE CRACK-INCLUSION

Taking the short-fiber composite materials as engineering back-ground, utilizing the existing basic solutions of single inclusion and single crack, the plane problem of vertical contact interactions between line crack and rigid line inclusion in infinite plane (matrix) from the viewpoint of crack fracture mechanics is studied. According to boundary conditions, a set of standard Cauchy-type singular integral equations of the problem is obtainable. Besides, singular indexes, stresses and stress intensity factors around the contact point are expressed. Numerical examples are given to provide references to engineering.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE FLOW WITH CONTACT LINES

The paper proposes a physical model for the motion of the contact line and the gas-liquid interface. The local motion of the contact line at the solid wall is assumed and the interface between gas and liquid is traced by a level function. The finite volume method and staggered grids are used to solve the governing equation numerically. The motion of the water column in a vertical pipe is computed and the results are in good agreement with experimental data.

Measurement of the friction coefficient of a fluctuating contact line using an AFM-based dual-mode mechanical resonator

A dual-mode mechanical resonator using an atomic force microscope （AFM） as a force sensor is developed. The resonator consists of a long vertical glass fiber with one end glued onto a rectangular cantilever beam and the other end immersed through a liquid-air interface. By measuring the resonant spectrum of the modified AFM cantilever, one is able to accurately determine the longitudinal friction coefficient ξv along the fiber axis associated with the vertical oscillation of the hanging fiber and the traversal friction coefficient ξh perpendicular to the fiber axis associated with the horizontal swing of the fiber around its joint with the cantilever. The technique is tested by measurement of the friction coefficient of a fluctuating （and slipping） contact line between the glass fiber and the liquid interface. The experiment verifies the theory and demonstrates its applications. The dual-mode mechanical resonator provides a powerful tool for the study of the contact line dynamics and the rheological property of anisotropic fluids.

Load distribution of involute gears along time-varying contact line

Base on the theory of energy minimization, a numerical algorithm is established to calculate load distribution, and the relationship curve of spur gear load distribution is obtained, and the load distribution ratio changes from 033 to 067 in double contact zone. This theory is adopted to compute the load distribution of helical gear along time-varying contact line, and the load distribution varies with the instantaneous position of the meshing point and the length of contact line, and the maximum value of load appears at the pitch point. Compared with the load distribution results, the helical gear changes more smoothly than spur gear. The load distribution provides a basis for calculate tooth bending deformation and critical stress.

基于角度传感器的弓网相对坐标检测技术研究

在电气化公路弓网相对坐标的检测中,基于机器视觉的非接触式检测技术的检测精度受图像采集环境的影响较大,基于光电传感器的接触式检测技术的检测精度受传感器安装密度限制。提出了一种基于角度传感器的接触式相对坐标检测技术,用于电气化公路的弓网相对坐标检测。首先,基于双接触线的电气化公路接触网,搭建弓网相对坐标检测实验台,建立弓网相对坐标与角度信息关联函数;然后,研究系统刚度、角度传感器线性度对实验台检测误差的影响规律,建立多项式修正函数对关联函数进行修正;最后,基于修正的弓网相对坐标关联函数,进行弓网相对坐标检测实验,得到实验台检测的绝对误差为±1 mm,相对误差为±0.5%,具备较高的检测精度。

隧道围岩-衬砌接触面剪切特性模拟研究

探究隧道围岩-衬砌接触面在不同法向应力及不同粗糙度条件下的剪切特性规律,对进一步研究隧道围岩与衬砌间的相互作用及岩体稳定性具有重要的理论和工程意义。为考虑粗糙度条件,利用分形理论,通过改变分形公式中的分形维数D及分形粗糙度G生成5种不同接触面,基于二维颗粒流程序(PFC^(2D)),建立接触面数值剪切模型,尺寸为150 mm×150 mm。开展同一接触面在不同法向应力下,数值模拟剪切试验及不同接触面在同一法向应力下的数值模拟试验;将数值剪切试验与室内剪切试验获得的剪切应力-剪切位移曲线进行对比,验证数值剪切模拟的可靠性。研究结果表明:(1)数值模型剪切破坏产生的裂隙主要集中于中间接触面处,破坏后的应力主要集中于接触面粗糙度最大处,破坏裂纹可分为剪切裂纹和张拉裂纹,其中张拉裂纹占主要优势;(2)剪切应力-剪切位移过程曲线存在爬坡、啃断、滑移三大阶段,具有明显的峰值强度和残余强度,法向位移随着剪切位移的增加而增大,产生剪胀效应;(3)随着法向应力增加,剪切和张拉裂纹数量增加,破坏现象越明显,峰值强度和残余强度增大,剪胀效应减小;(4)随着粗糙起伏度增大,即分形维数D的增大或者分形粗糙度G的减小,破坏裂纹数量增加,其中张拉裂纹增加较明显,峰值强度和残余强度增大,剪胀效应增大。

线接触弹流润滑摩擦副刚度阻尼拟合公式

弹流润滑油膜具有显著的弹簧阻尼作用,对齿轮、滚动轴承、凸轮等高副接触零件的动力学性能具有重要影响,然而目前关于弹流摩擦副刚度阻尼的认识还不统一。运用数值方法求解线接触弹流润滑摩擦副的摩擦学-动力学耦合模型,获得线接触弹流润滑摩擦副在简谐激励下的阻尼环,通过阻尼环识别出线接触弹流润滑摩擦副的刚度和阻尼;用变量控制的方法研究载荷、卷吸速度、材料参数等对线接触弹流润滑摩擦副刚度和阻尼的影响,并分析载荷、卷吸速度影响线接触弹流润滑摩擦副刚度阻尼的机制。结果表明,线接触弹流润滑摩擦副刚度阻尼随载荷增加而变大,随速度增加而减小。在数值解的基础上,拟合出线接触弹流润滑摩擦副刚度和阻尼公式,结果显示,载荷对弹流润滑摩擦副的刚度和阻尼影响最显著,而且弹流润滑摩擦副的刚度随载荷、速度和材料参数的变化幅度比阻尼的大。对拟合公式精度的检验表明,在很宽的参数范围内,拟合公式计算结果与数值解的相对误差小于10%,所提出的刚度和阻尼拟合公式具有很高的精确性。

浮选颗粒条栅结构表面润湿行为特性研究

矿物颗粒间表面润湿性差异是浮选成功的关键,受表面化学性质与物理形貌结构的双重影响。为进一步明确表面物理形貌结构对液滴在矿物颗粒表面上润湿行为的影响,采用光刻显影技术制备了5种具有不同粗糙度系数和表面面积分数的条栅结构聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)表面,并利用自制的动/静态接触角测量系统及润湿三相接触线行为测试系统对液滴在PDMS表面上的润湿行为进行了测试。动/静态接触角测试结果表明:当表面粗糙度系数相同时,固体表面面积分数增加,条栅结构表面不同润湿方向上的接触角均呈减小趋势,而当表面面积分数相同时,条栅结构表面不同润湿方向上的接触角则与固体表面粗糙度系数呈正相关;此外,各样品表面垂直于条栅结构方向的动/静态接触角均大于平行方向(即θ_(⊥)>θ_(∥)),且不同润湿方向上接触角的差异随样品表面润湿性的增强而减小。动态接触角测试结果还表明:表面接触角滞后(Δθ=θ_(a)-θ_(r))与表面面积分数呈正相关,而与表面粗糙度系数呈负相关,且前进与后退接触角的预测值与试验值基本吻合,说明动态接触角能够真实地反映固体表面润湿性;此外,在液滴滚动时,其运动行为总是周期性地发生后端接触线先从固体表面分离,而后液滴重新与固体表面发生黏附形成新的前端接触线的过程,这种运动特性在不同条栅结构表面上完全相同。润湿三相接触线行为测试结果表明:液滴在条栅结构表面优先沿着条栅结构方向润湿或去润湿,而跨越条栅结构润湿时,受表面微结构的“钉扎”作用,润湿半径远小于平行润湿方向,且三相接触线在不同条栅结构表面的移动均呈现“解钉—钉扎—再解钉—再钉扎”的一种断续周期性过程。研究结果深化了矿物颗粒表面物理形貌结构对其润湿行为特性的影响,可为后续通过表面形貌调控颗粒表面润湿性起到一定的理论支撑作用。

基于线激光的压缩机曲轴圆度和平面度测量

目前人工使用千分表测量空调压缩机曲轴圆度和平面度时存在易伤工件表面、效率低和不能精确评定等问题。针对上述问题,设计了一套基于线激光位移传感器的空调压缩机曲轴圆度和平面度非接触式测量系统。首先,通过测量标准量棒,提出一种系统误差的标定方法;其次,基于线激光采样数据,开发了一种曲轴横截面圆度测点的提取算法,并将系统误差用于测点补偿,实现曲轴圆度测量;接着根据曲轴平面测点间的斜率分离出轮廓线,通过均匀下采样方法获取精简点云数据并采用最小二乘法实现曲轴平面度测量;最后,基于上述方法开展了曲轴圆度和平面度的测量实验。实验结果表明:该测量系统的圆度测量精度<4μm,平面度测量精度<2μm,圆度重复度测量误差<0.8μm,平面度重复度测量误差<0.3μm,满足曲轴圆度和平面度快速准确的测量需求。

大型冷库螺杆压缩机几何特征及型线优化研究

目的针对大型冷库系统用螺杆压缩机的型线设计与优化问题,建立型线几何特征计算数学模型,为螺杆压缩机型线设计与优化提供理论依据。方法以目前广泛采用的GHH型线为研究对象,基于本文采用的型线几何特征计算方法,发现GHH型线的接触线不连续。采用圆弧-圆弧包络线共轭曲线对代替原始GHH型线中的圆弧-圆弧共轭曲线对,实现接触线的连续,提出修正的GHH型线。进而以修正的GHH型线为研究对象,分析节圆半径、齿高、双边长度等型线参数对接触线、啮合线、泄漏三角形等型线几何特征的影响。结果研究发现,泄漏三角形的面积与节圆半径、导程呈线性正相关,与齿高、双边长度呈线性负相关,其中双边长度对泄漏三角形的面积影响最大。具体地,当节圆半径由48 mm增大至60 mm时,面积利用系数由0.462减小为0.427,接触线长度由174.5 mm增大至182.2 mm,泄漏三角形面积由1.7 mm^(2)增大至8.2 mm^(2)。结论本文建立了转子型线几何特征快速计算数学模型,对GHH型线进行了优化,实现了螺杆转子接触线的连续,揭示了型线参数对型线几何特征的影响规律,为转子型线优化提供了理论指导。

黄药体系中气泡与不同粗糙度黄铜矿表面碰撞黏附机理研究

在黄铜矿浮选过程中,矿物表面的粗糙度及黄药浓度的变化会直接影响气泡与矿物表面的黏附和铺展,从而影响浮选效果。为了探究黄铜矿表面的粗糙度和黄药浓度对气泡与黄铜矿碰撞黏附行为的影响,使用砂纸对黄铜矿进行打磨,得到不同粗糙度的样品,然后进行气泡在矿物表面的碰撞黏附试验,并对气泡局部速度、气泡碰撞黏附时间、三相接触线长度随时间的变化、气泡接触角进行了测试分析。结果表明:粗糙度较大的黄铜矿表面有尺寸较大、数量较多的粗糙结构,会促进气泡与矿物表面之间水化膜的薄化和破裂,有利于黏附的形成,但黏附产生后黄铜矿表面的粗糙结构阻碍了气泡在矿物表面的进一步铺展;黄药浓度的增加使得黄铜矿表面生成的疏水性薄膜厚度增加,增强了对样品表面粗糙结构的覆盖作用和黄铜矿表面的负电性,提高了黄铜矿的疏水性,不利于气泡与黄铜矿形成黏附,但有利于气泡在黄铜矿表面形成黏附后的进一步铺展。该成果可用于黄铜矿的高效浮选回收利用研究。

高透成型纸的表面渗透性及对中线胶粘合性能的影响

为研究高透成型纸和滤棒丝束粘合不良问题的成因,本研究分析了高透成型纸的结构和特性,采用动态接触角法研究了高透成型纸的表面渗透性,并探讨了渗透性对中线胶粘合性能的影响。结果表明,高透成型纸紧度较低,纤维分丝帚化不明显,纤维之间存在大量的孔隙,水在其表面具有极强的渗透性。中线胶在高透成型纸表面的渗透性与水有很大不同,黏度是影响中线胶渗透的主要因素,黏度越低,渗透越快。中线胶在高透成型纸表面的渗透性与粘合效果密切相关,中线胶的黏度越高,对高透成型纸的粘合效果越好。但不同的中线胶有不同的最佳开放时间窗口,超出该时间窗口会出现粘合不良的问题。

盾构法联络通道中提高切削效率的管片弱化研究

盾构法联络通道施工中因洞口处临时管片难以切削,施工中存在掘进周期长、盾机姿态难控制、涌水涌砂风险高等问题,但是关于此问题解决方案的研究目前还很缺乏。因此,本文以天津某地铁盾构法联络通道项目为背景,在保证结构施工及使用期间安全性的基础上,从弱化临时管片的角度出发,提出了3种弱化方式,分别为降低待切管片砼强度等级、减少玻璃纤维筋布筋量以及管片打孔,并利用有限元数值模拟对弱化的可能性及影响进行了研究。结果表明:(1)在3种弱化方式下,特殊衬砌环内力变化规律均为切削区内力减小,钢管片区内力增大,普通衬砌环的内力小幅度提高;(2)临时管片砼强度由C40降到C20后对衬砌环内力影响在15%以内,其中钢管片区内力增加量在5%以内;(3)主筋量减少70%以内对管片内力影响在2%以内;(4)管片内侧打孔使切削区弯矩降低30%左右,孔径与孔深尺寸相同变化量情况下,孔径对于内力影响大于孔深;(5)不同弱化方式弱化后的结构内力均在极限承载范围之内,3种弱化方式均可采用,从施工便利性和安全性角度来看,临时管片砼强度降低方案为最优方案。

溶质引起的自由液面Marangoni铺展研究综述

Marangoni流动是一种由表面张力梯度驱动的界面铺展和液体内部的对流.其中,表面张力梯度可以通过温度或溶质的不均匀分布来调控.由溶质引起的Marangoni铺展在呼吸道药物输送等生物医学领域、复杂结构颗粒制备和镀膜等先进制造领域有着重要应用.溶质分子的诸多物理化学过程都会对Marangoni铺展的动力学产生影响,例如分子在界面上的输运、液滴与基底之间的物质交换、挥发性溶质在自由液面的蒸发,都会对表面张力梯度起到动态的调控作用.同时,在铺展液体特殊的本构性质和Marangoni铺展提供的强剪切率的共同作用下,流体会呈现一系列复杂而有趣的现象.文章着重介绍近年来领域内开展的由溶质引起的Marangoni铺展,包括表面活性分子参与的Marangoni铺展,互混液体界面、复杂流体自由液面的Marangoni铺展,以及组分差异性蒸发引起的Marangoni铺展,并阐述它们的演化机制.最后将列举Marangoni铺展在新兴工业领域中的应用,为开发借助溶质的本构性质等物理化学性质实现液体驱动的低能耗器件和生产工艺提供参考.

前进接触线薄液膜结构与运移机制

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