In this study, a novel phoswich detector for beta–gamma coincidence detection is designed. Unlike the triple crystal phoswich detector designed by researchers at the University of Missouri, Columbia, this phoswich de...In this study, a novel phoswich detector for beta–gamma coincidence detection is designed. Unlike the triple crystal phoswich detector designed by researchers at the University of Missouri, Columbia, this phoswich detector is of the semi-well type, so it has a higher detection efficiency. The detector consists of BC-400 and NaI:Tl with decay time constants of 2.4 and 230 ns, respectively.The BC-400 scintillator detects beta particles, and the Na I:Tl cell is used for gamma detection. Geant4 simulations of this phoswich detector find that a 2-mm-thick BC-400 scintillator can absorb nearly all of the beta particles whose energies are below 700 keV. Further, for a 2.00-cmthick NaI:Tl crystal, the gamma source peak efficiency for photons ranges from a maximum of nearly 90% at 30 keV to 10% at 1 MeV. The self-absorption effect is also discussed in this paper in order to determine the carrier gas' s influence.展开更多
The detection efficiency of phoswich detector starts to decrease when Compton scattering becomes significant. Events with energy deposit in both scintillators, if not rejected, are not useful for spectral analysis as ...The detection efficiency of phoswich detector starts to decrease when Compton scattering becomes significant. Events with energy deposit in both scintillators, if not rejected, are not useful for spectral analysis as the full energy of the incident photon cannot be reconstructed with conventional readout. We show that once the system response is carefully calibrated, the full energy of those double deposit events can be reconstructed using a waveform digitizer as the readout. Our experiment suggests that the efficiency of a photopeak at 662 keV can be increased by a factor of 2 using our LaBr3/NaI phoswich detector.展开更多
在核工业的一些工作场所中往往同时存在β射线和γ射线,准确测量β粒子和γ粒子能谱对于相关工作人员的辐射防护十分重要。本文利用Geant4模拟了β粒子和γ粒子在叠层闪烁体探测器中的能量沉积,研究了材料和结构对叠层闪烁体探测器甄别...在核工业的一些工作场所中往往同时存在β射线和γ射线,准确测量β粒子和γ粒子能谱对于相关工作人员的辐射防护十分重要。本文利用Geant4模拟了β粒子和γ粒子在叠层闪烁体探测器中的能量沉积,研究了材料和结构对叠层闪烁体探测器甄别性能的影响。模拟结果显示,对于双层结构的闪烁体探测器,第1层和第2层选用不同材料的闪烁体对β粒子的甄别影响不大,主要影响对γ粒子的甄别。γ粒子的误甄别率和识别率分别随第1层和第2层材料原子序数的增加而增加。3层结构闪烁体探测器对于γ粒子的误甄别率明显低于双层结构,并且γ粒子的误甄别率随第1层闪烁体厚度的增加而增加。经过对模拟结果分析,采用0.2 mm BC-444+17.8 mm BC-444+25 mm BaF_(2)的3层闪烁体结构甄别性能较好,对β粒子和γ粒子的平均识别率和误甄别率分别为96.7%、41.1%和<0.001%、0.16%。展开更多
核反应堆在运行过程中或核应急情况下会产生^(85)Kr、^(133)Xe、^(135)Xe和^(41)Ar等放射性惰性气体,准确测量不同惰性气体的放射性活度对了解反应堆的运行状况和核应急预警均有重要意义。根据各种核素衰变发射的β、γ射线,设计并优化...核反应堆在运行过程中或核应急情况下会产生^(85)Kr、^(133)Xe、^(135)Xe和^(41)Ar等放射性惰性气体,准确测量不同惰性气体的放射性活度对了解反应堆的运行状况和核应急预警均有重要意义。根据各种核素衰变发射的β、γ射线,设计并优化了可用于放射性惰性气体活度实时测量的4π双叠层闪烁体探测器。探测器的内层塑料闪烁体用于测量β射线,外层碘化铯闪烁体(CsI)用于测量γ射线,并通过β-γ的符合测量实现不同放射性核素的分辨及活度测量。针对核电放出的4种主要放射性惰性气体,基于GEANT4(GEometry ANd Tracking 4)模拟库包,研究了塑料闪烁体、CsI厚度及气体采样腔尺寸对不同核素发射的β、γ探测效率的影响;并给出该4π型双叠层闪烁体探测器的优化几何尺寸和相应探测器性能,为后续探测器的制作与测试提供参考。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11205108,11475121,and 11575145)the Excellent Youth Fund of Sichuan University(No.2016SCU04A13)
文摘In this study, a novel phoswich detector for beta–gamma coincidence detection is designed. Unlike the triple crystal phoswich detector designed by researchers at the University of Missouri, Columbia, this phoswich detector is of the semi-well type, so it has a higher detection efficiency. The detector consists of BC-400 and NaI:Tl with decay time constants of 2.4 and 230 ns, respectively.The BC-400 scintillator detects beta particles, and the Na I:Tl cell is used for gamma detection. Geant4 simulations of this phoswich detector find that a 2-mm-thick BC-400 scintillator can absorb nearly all of the beta particles whose energies are below 700 keV. Further, for a 2.00-cmthick NaI:Tl crystal, the gamma source peak efficiency for photons ranges from a maximum of nearly 90% at 30 keV to 10% at 1 MeV. The self-absorption effect is also discussed in this paper in order to determine the carrier gas' s influence.
文摘The detection efficiency of phoswich detector starts to decrease when Compton scattering becomes significant. Events with energy deposit in both scintillators, if not rejected, are not useful for spectral analysis as the full energy of the incident photon cannot be reconstructed with conventional readout. We show that once the system response is carefully calibrated, the full energy of those double deposit events can be reconstructed using a waveform digitizer as the readout. Our experiment suggests that the efficiency of a photopeak at 662 keV can be increased by a factor of 2 using our LaBr3/NaI phoswich detector.
文摘在核工业的一些工作场所中往往同时存在β射线和γ射线,准确测量β粒子和γ粒子能谱对于相关工作人员的辐射防护十分重要。本文利用Geant4模拟了β粒子和γ粒子在叠层闪烁体探测器中的能量沉积,研究了材料和结构对叠层闪烁体探测器甄别性能的影响。模拟结果显示,对于双层结构的闪烁体探测器,第1层和第2层选用不同材料的闪烁体对β粒子的甄别影响不大,主要影响对γ粒子的甄别。γ粒子的误甄别率和识别率分别随第1层和第2层材料原子序数的增加而增加。3层结构闪烁体探测器对于γ粒子的误甄别率明显低于双层结构,并且γ粒子的误甄别率随第1层闪烁体厚度的增加而增加。经过对模拟结果分析,采用0.2 mm BC-444+17.8 mm BC-444+25 mm BaF_(2)的3层闪烁体结构甄别性能较好,对β粒子和γ粒子的平均识别率和误甄别率分别为96.7%、41.1%和<0.001%、0.16%。
文摘核反应堆在运行过程中或核应急情况下会产生^(85)Kr、^(133)Xe、^(135)Xe和^(41)Ar等放射性惰性气体,准确测量不同惰性气体的放射性活度对了解反应堆的运行状况和核应急预警均有重要意义。根据各种核素衰变发射的β、γ射线,设计并优化了可用于放射性惰性气体活度实时测量的4π双叠层闪烁体探测器。探测器的内层塑料闪烁体用于测量β射线,外层碘化铯闪烁体(CsI)用于测量γ射线,并通过β-γ的符合测量实现不同放射性核素的分辨及活度测量。针对核电放出的4种主要放射性惰性气体,基于GEANT4(GEometry ANd Tracking 4)模拟库包,研究了塑料闪烁体、CsI厚度及气体采样腔尺寸对不同核素发射的β、γ探测效率的影响;并给出该4π型双叠层闪烁体探测器的优化几何尺寸和相应探测器性能,为后续探测器的制作与测试提供参考。
