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Process synthesis for the separation of coal-to-ethanol products
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作者 Qingping Qu Daoyan Liu +1 位作者 Hao Lyu Jinsheng Sun 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第5期263-278,共16页
The coal-to-ethanol process,as the clean coal utilization,faces challenges from the energy-intensive distillation that separates multi-component effluents for pure ethanol.Referring to at least eight columns,the synth... The coal-to-ethanol process,as the clean coal utilization,faces challenges from the energy-intensive distillation that separates multi-component effluents for pure ethanol.Referring to at least eight columns,the synthesis of the ethanol distillation system is impracticable for exhaustive comparison and difficult for conventional superstructure-based optimization as rigorous models are used.This work adopts a superstructure-based framework,which combines the strategy that adaptively selects branches of the state-equipment network and the parallel stochastic algorithm for process synthesis.High-performance computing significantly reduces time consumption,and the adaptive strategy substantially lowers the complexity of the superstructure model.Moreover,parallel computing,elite search,population redistribution,and retention strategies for irrelevant parameters are used to improve the optimization efficiency further.The optimization terminates after 3000 generations,providing a flowsheet solution that applies two non-sharp splitting options in its distillation sequence.As a result,the 59-dimension superstructure-based optimization was solved efficiently via a differential evolution algorithm,and a high-quality solution with a 28.34%lower total annual cost than the benchmark was obtained.Meanwhile,the solution of the superstructure-based optimization is comparable to that obtained by optimizing a single specific configuration one by one.It indicates that the superstructure-based optimization that combines the adaptive strategy can be a promising approach to handling the process synthesis of large-scale and complex chemical processes. 展开更多
关键词 Coal-to-ethanol process synthesis Superstructure-based optimization Differential evolution algorithm DISTILLATION
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Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms for MILP and MINLP in Process Synthesis 被引量:7
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作者 石磊 姚平经 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2001年第2期173-178,共6页
Steady-state non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (SNSGA), a new form of multi-objective genetic algorithm, is implemented by combining the steady-state idea in steady-state genetic algorithms (SSGA) and the fitnes... Steady-state non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (SNSGA), a new form of multi-objective genetic algorithm, is implemented by combining the steady-state idea in steady-state genetic algorithms (SSGA) and the fitness assignment strategy of non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA). The fitness assignment strategy is improved and a new self-adjustment scheme of is proposed. This algorithm is proved to be very efficient both computationally and in terms of the quality of the Pareto fronts produced with five test problems including GA difficult problem and GA deceptive one. Finally, SNSGA is introduced to solve multi-objective mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) problems in process synthesis. 展开更多
关键词 multi-objective programming multi-objective evolutionary algorithm steady-state non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm process synthesis
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Optimal synthesis of heat-integrated distillation configurations using the two-column superstructure 被引量:1
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作者 Xiaodong Zhang Lu Jin Jinsheng Sun 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期238-249,共12页
In the realm of the synthesis of heat-integrated distillation configurations,the conventional approach for exploring more heat integration possibilities typically entails the splitting of a single column into a twocol... In the realm of the synthesis of heat-integrated distillation configurations,the conventional approach for exploring more heat integration possibilities typically entails the splitting of a single column into a twocolumn configuration.However,this approach frequently necessitates tedious enumeration procedures,resulting in a considerable computational burden.To surmount this formidable challenge,the present study introduces an innovative remedy:The proposition of a superstructure that encompasses both single-column and multiple two-column configurations.Additionally,a simultaneous optimization algorithm is applied to optimize both the process parameters and heat integration structures of the twocolumn configurations.The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated through a case study focusing on industrial organosilicon separation.The results underscore that the superstructure methodology not only substantially mitigates computational time compared to exhaustive enumeration but also furnishes solutions that exhibit comparable performance. 展开更多
关键词 SUPERSTRUCTURE process synthesis Heat integration Simulation-based optimization Industrial organosilicon separation
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Effects of Co_3O_4 nanocatalyst morphology on CO oxidation:Synthesis process map and catalytic activity 被引量:6
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作者 曾良鹏 李孔斋 +2 位作者 黄樊 祝星 李宏程 《Chinese Journal of Catalysis》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2016年第6期908-922,共15页
This study focuses on drawing a hydrothermal synthesis process map for Co3O4 nanoparticles with various morphologies and investigating the effects of Co3O4 nanocatalyst morphology on CO oxidation.A series of cobalt-hy... This study focuses on drawing a hydrothermal synthesis process map for Co3O4 nanoparticles with various morphologies and investigating the effects of Co3O4 nanocatalyst morphology on CO oxidation.A series of cobalt-hydroxide-carbonate nanoparticles with various morphologies(i.e.,nanorods,nanosheets,and nanocubes) were successfully synthesized,and Co3O4 nanoparticles were obtained by thermal decomposition of the cobalt-hydroxide-carbonate precursors.The results suggest that the cobalt source is a key factor for controlling the morphology of cobalt-hydroxide-carbonate at relatively low hydrothermal temperatures(≤ 140℃).Nanorods can be synthesized in CoCl2 solution,while Co(NO3)2 solution promotes the formation of nanosheets.Further increasing the synthesis temperature(higher than 140 ℃) results in the formation of nanocubes in either Co(NO3)2 or CoCl2 solution.The reaction time only affects the size of the obtained nanoparticles.The presence of CTAB could improve the uniformity and dispersion of particles.Co3O4 nanosheets showed much higher catalytic activity for CO oxidation than nanorods and nanocubes because it has more abundant Co^(3+) on the surface,much higher reducibility,and better oxygen desorption capacity. 展开更多
关键词 Cobalt oxide nanocatalyst synthesis process map Morphology effect Catalytic activity Carbon monoxide oxidation
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A new,sustainable process for synthesis of ethylene glycol
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作者 Jinlong Gong 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2018年第4期949-950,共2页
In conventional heterogeneous catalytic process, the activation of C-H bond remains a grand challenge. It is even more difficult to activate the inert C-H bond with other functional groups (e.g. OH) in the same mole... In conventional heterogeneous catalytic process, the activation of C-H bond remains a grand challenge. It is even more difficult to activate the inert C-H bond with other functional groups (e.g. OH) in the same molecule, remaining intact [1]. Although the transformation of C1 species (e.g. CO, CO2, CH4 and CH3OH) into C2 molecules (e.g. C2H4, C2HsOH and HOCH2CH2OH) via C-C coupling has been a hot research topic but the yield of aimed product is still needed to be improved. Ethylene glycol (EG) is a versatile chemical with many important applications, in particular for the manufacture of polyesters, predominantly poly(ethylene terephthalate) [2]. Recently, Wang, Deng and co-workers at Xiamen University cleverly designed a new process for the conversion of methanol to ethylene glycol, in which the EG selectivity can reach 90% (Eq. (1)) [3]. 展开更多
关键词 EG OH A new sustainable process for synthesis of ethylene glycol
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Synthesis and Scheduling of Optimal Batch Water-recycle Networks 被引量:4
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作者 Arwa H. Rabie Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2008年第3期474-479,共6页
This work develops an optimization-based methodology for the design and scheduling of batch water recycle networks. This task requires the identification of network configuration, fresh-water usage, recycle assignment... This work develops an optimization-based methodology for the design and scheduling of batch water recycle networks. This task requires the identification of network configuration, fresh-water usage, recycle assignments from sources to sinks, wastewater discharge, and a scheduling scheme. A new source-tank-sink representation is developed to allow for storage and dispatch tanks. The problem is solved in stages by first eliminating scheduling constraints and determining minimum usage of fresh water and wastewater discharge. An iterative procedure is formulated to minimize the total annual cost of the system by trading off capital versus operating costs. The work overcomes limitations in previous literature work including restricted recycle within the same cycle, lumped balances that may not lead to feasible solutions, and unrealistic objective functions. A case study is solved to illustrate the usefulness of the devised procedure. 展开更多
关键词 process integration process synthesis mass integration batch networks water recycle SCHEDULING
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A Framework for the Systematic Design of Hybrid Separation Processe 被引量:1
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作者 Wolfgang Marquardt Sven Kossack Korhjnian Kraemer 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2008年第3期333-342,共10页
The design of optimal separation flow sheets for multi-component mixtures is still not a solved problem This is especially the case when non-ideal or azeotropic mixtures or hybrid separation processes are considered. ... The design of optimal separation flow sheets for multi-component mixtures is still not a solved problem This is especially the case when non-ideal or azeotropic mixtures or hybrid separation processes are considered. We review recent developments in this field and present a systematic framework for the design of separation flow sheets. This framework proposes a three-step approach. In the first step different flow sheets are generated. In the second step these alternative flow sheet structures are evaluated with shortcut methods. In the third step a rigorous mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) optimization of the entire flow sheet is executed to determine the best alternative. Since a number of alternative flow sheets have already been eliminated, only a few optimization runs are necessary in this final step. The whole framework thus allows the systematic generation and evaluation of separation processes and is illustrated with the case study of the separation of ethanol and water. 展开更多
关键词 process synthesis distillation design rectification body method mixed-integer nonlinear programming
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Synthesis of refrigeration system based on generalized disjunctive programming model 被引量:1
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作者 Danlei Chen Xue Ma +2 位作者 Yiqing Luo Yingjie Ma Xigang Yuan 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2018年第8期1613-1620,共8页
Refrigeration system holds an important role in process industries. The optimal synthesis cannot only reduce the energy consumption, but also save the production costs. In this study, a general methodology is develope... Refrigeration system holds an important role in process industries. The optimal synthesis cannot only reduce the energy consumption, but also save the production costs. In this study, a general methodology is developed for the optimal design of refrigeration cycle and heat exchanger network(HEN) simultaneously. Taking the heat integration between the external heat sources/sinks and the refrigeration cycle into consideration, a superstructure with sub-coolers is developed. Through defining logical variables that indicate the relative temperature positions of refrigerant streams after sub-coolers, the synthesis is formulated as a Generalized Disjunctive Programming(GDP) problem based on LP transshipment model, with the target of minimizing the total compressor shaft work in the refrigeration system. The GDP model is then reformulated as a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming(MINLP) problem with the aid of binary variables and Big-M Constraint Method. The efficacy of the process synthesis model is demonstrated by a case study of ethylene refrigeration system. The result shows that the optimization can significantly reduce the exergy loss as well as the total compression shaft work. 展开更多
关键词 Refrigeration system process synthesis Generalized Disjunctive Programming (GDP) Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP)
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Simulation Based Synthesis, Design and Optimization of Actual Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) Unit
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作者 Rajasree Retnamma Arun Sadashio Moharir 《Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering》 2012年第4期336-345,共10页
The present study demonstrates the potential of the simulation based on-line synthesis, design and optimization strategy for pressure swing adsorption (PSA) processes developed in our earlier study by implementing o... The present study demonstrates the potential of the simulation based on-line synthesis, design and optimization strategy for pressure swing adsorption (PSA) processes developed in our earlier study by implementing on an actual two-bed unit. The unit is very flexible and allows process synthesis from the PSA cycle configuration point of view. The model parameters are regressed and updated using live experimental data. The on-line monitoring and controlling of the operating parameters and operating configurations are done by multi-loop processor programmable logic controller. Separation of air into nitrogen free oxygen as raffinate stream and enriched nitrogen as extract stream using 5A zeolite as adsorbent has been chosen as a specific system for implementing the strategy. The philosophy of the typical optimization and process synthesis exercise implemented on the unit is described. The results show the successful implementation of the developed strategy on the two-bed O2-PSA unit and the application of this general approach to commercial PSA processes. 展开更多
关键词 PSA process synthesis DESIGN OPTIMIZATION simulation.
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ADVANCED SYNTHESIS OF LIGHT METALS
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作者 F.H. Froes(IMAP, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 838443026, USA ) 《Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 1996年第6期531-536,共6页
The synthesis, processing and mechanical properties of the light metals, aluminum,magnesium and titanium Produced by advanced techniques are reviewed. Synthesis techniques to be addressed will include rapid solidifica... The synthesis, processing and mechanical properties of the light metals, aluminum,magnesium and titanium Produced by advanced techniques are reviewed. Synthesis techniques to be addressed will include rapid solidification, spray deposition, mechanical alloying, plasma Processing and vapor deposition. 展开更多
关键词 synthesis/processing powder metallurgy lightweight metals aluminum magnesium titanium rapid solidification spray depositin mechanical alloying Plasma processing vapor deposition
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A systematic approach for synthesizing a low-temperature distillation system 被引量:5
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作者 Yiqing Luo Liang Kong Xigang Yuan 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第5期789-795,共7页
In this paper, by combining a stochastic optimization method with a refrigeration shaft work targeting method,an approach for the synthesis of a heat integrated complex distillation system in a low-temperature process... In this paper, by combining a stochastic optimization method with a refrigeration shaft work targeting method,an approach for the synthesis of a heat integrated complex distillation system in a low-temperature process is presented. The synthesis problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming(MINLP) problem,which is solved by simulated annealing algorithm under a random procedure to explore the optimal operating parameters and the distillation sequence structure. The shaft work targeting method is used to evaluate the minimum energy cost of the corresponding separation system during the optimization without any need for a detailed design for the heat exchanger network(HEN) and the refrigeration system(RS). The method presented in the paper can dramatically reduce the scale and complexity of the problem. A case study of ethylene cold-end separation is used to illustrate the application of the approach. Compared with the original industrial scheme, the result is encouraging. 展开更多
关键词 Energy System engineering Low-temperature distillation system process synthesis Distillation sequence Shaft work target
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Automated synthesis of steady-state continuous processes using reinforcement learning 被引量:1
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作者 Quirin Göttl Dominik GGrimm Jakob Burger 《Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2022年第2期288-302,共15页
Automated flowsheet synthesis is an important field in computer-aided process engineering.The present work demonstrates how reinforcement learning can be used for automated flowsheet synthesis without any heuristics o... Automated flowsheet synthesis is an important field in computer-aided process engineering.The present work demonstrates how reinforcement learning can be used for automated flowsheet synthesis without any heuristics or prior knowledge of conceptual design.The environment consists of a steady-state flowsheet simulator that contains all physical knowledge.An agent is trained to take discrete actions and sequentially build up flowsheets that solve a given process problem.A novel method named SynGameZero is developed to ensure good exploration schemes in the complex problem.Therein,flowsheet synthesis is modelled as a game of two competing players.The agent plays this game against itself during training and consists of an artificial neural network and a tree search for forward planning.The method is applied successfully to a reaction-distillation process in a quaternary system. 展开更多
关键词 automated process synthesis flowsheet synthesis artificial intelligence machine learning reinforcement learning
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MILP synthesis of separation processes for waste oil-in-water emulsions treatment
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作者 Zorka N. Pintaric Gorazd P. Skof Zdravko Kravanja 《Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2016年第1期120-130,共11页
This paper presents a novel synthesis method for designing integrated processes for oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions treatment. General superstructure involving alternative separation technologies is developed and model... This paper presents a novel synthesis method for designing integrated processes for oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions treatment. General superstructure involving alternative separation technologies is developed and modelled as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for maximum annual profit. Separation processes in the superstructure are divided into three main sections of which the pretreatment and final treatment are limited to the selection of one altemative (or bypass) only, while within the intermediate section various combinations of different technologies in series can be selected. Integrated processes composed of selected separation techniques for given ranges of input chemical oxygen demand (COD) can be proposed by applying parametric analyses within the superstructure approach. This approach has been applied to an existing industrial case study for deriving optimal combinations of technologies for treating diverse oil-in- water emulsions within the range of input COD values between 1000 mg-L-1 and 145000 mgL t. The optimal solution represents a flexible and profitable process for reducing the COD values below maximal allowable limits for discharging effluent into surface water. 展开更多
关键词 oil-in-water emulsion chemical oxygen demand SUPERSTRUCTURE process synthesis MILP
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苹果酸克立波必利的合成
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作者 黄雅钦 张丽娟 吴宪龙 《辽宁工学院学报》 1997年第4期55-56,共2页
苹果酸克立波必利是一种抗消化性溃疡新药,本文考查了其合成的工艺路线。
关键词 合成 多巴胺 消化系统药物 阻滞剂
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Research on the Fe-silicon nitride material self-producing N_2 at high temperature 被引量:1
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作者 Junhong Chen Xueda Wang +2 位作者 Jialin Sun Huasheng Zhan Wen Song 《Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing》 CSCD 2006年第1期78-81,共4页
The Fe silicon nitride synthesized by flashing combustion process was studied to determine the reaction temperature between Fe and silicon nitride, the account of N2 given out in the course of the reaction, and the ch... The Fe silicon nitride synthesized by flashing combustion process was studied to determine the reaction temperature between Fe and silicon nitride, the account of N2 given out in the course of the reaction, and the change of the microstructure during calcination. The results showed that at 1127.2℃ the Fe-silicon nitride self-reacts and releases N2 and under 101.3 kPa the volume of N2 given out in the course of the reaction is 20 times more than that of the starting material. N2 is produced quickly, and completes in several decade seconds. With the producing of N2, the structure of Silicon Nitride around Fe becomes loose and porous, or cracks are formed by the reaction between Fe and silicon nitride. So if it is made use of that Fe-silicon nitride self-producing N2 at the high temperature, the performance of the material on a base of Fe-silicon nitride could be greatly improved. 展开更多
关键词 synthesis by flashing combustion process Fe-Silicon Nitride NITROGEN
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Experimental Investigation on Finishing Technology by Magnetostrictive Ultrasonic Vibration of Magnetic Liquid
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作者 陈善飞 顾邦明 +1 位作者 王正才 王正良 《Defence Technology(防务技术)》 SCIE EI CAS 2010年第3期166-170,共5页
Magnetic liquid can produce alternative internal pressure under the alternative high-frequency gradient magnetic field.Because it has higher bulk modulus,the internal pressure results in its volume change.Using piezoe... Magnetic liquid can produce alternative internal pressure under the alternative high-frequency gradient magnetic field.Because it has higher bulk modulus,the internal pressure results in its volume change.Using piezoelectric transducers,the ultrasonic wave generated by the vibration of magnetic liquids can be detected,which shows that the magnetic liquids have the magnetostrictive effect and can generate the ultrasonic vibration under the alternative magnetic gradient field.Some nonmagnetic abrasives and rust-proofing agents can be mixed into the magnetic liquids,under the alternative magnetic field,the abrasives held by magnetic liquids grind the surface of the workpieces,and thus,the finishing for the surface with complex shape,mold cavity and inner wall of tiny tubes can be realized. 展开更多
关键词 materials synthesis and processing technology FINISHING magnetic liquid MAGNETOSTRICTIVE ultrasonic vibration
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硬脂酰乳酸钠的工业化合成新工艺
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作者 徐怀义 杨佳 闵菊平 《中国食品添加剂》 北大核心 2017年第10期130-134,共5页
硬脂酰乳酸钠(SSL)属于阴离子型乳化剂,能与淀粉和蛋白质结合形成络合物,改善食物内部的组织结构,使其品质得以提高。以乳酸和硬脂酸为原料,新型的磷酸复配物作为催化剂,通过单因素实验和正交实验,得到一步合成硬脂酰乳酸钠(SSL)的新工... 硬脂酰乳酸钠(SSL)属于阴离子型乳化剂,能与淀粉和蛋白质结合形成络合物,改善食物内部的组织结构,使其品质得以提高。以乳酸和硬脂酸为原料,新型的磷酸复配物作为催化剂,通过单因素实验和正交实验,得到一步合成硬脂酰乳酸钠(SSL)的新工艺:在真空负压条件下,先聚合、酯化后中和,乳酸与硬脂酸摩尔比为1.9∶1,催化剂用量为硬脂酸质量的2.0%,反应温度为160℃,反应时间为4h,中和剂用量为硬脂酸质量的24%。由于采用温和的磷酸复配物作为催化剂以及采用真空负压、低温的反应条件,该工艺特别适合于工业化大生产。 展开更多
关键词 硬脂酰乳酸钠 磷酸复配物 合成 新工艺
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Optimal Stochastic Scheduling Strategy of Multi-vector Energy Complex Integrated with Full-blown Power-to-biomethane Model
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作者 Guanwei Zeng Chengxi Liu +2 位作者 Minfang Liao Yongjian Luo Xuzhu Dong 《Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第3期863-873,共11页
We propose an optimal stochastic scheduling strategy for a multi-vector energy complex(MEC),considering a fullblown model of the power-to-biomethane(Pt M)process.Unlike conventional optimization that uses a simple eff... We propose an optimal stochastic scheduling strategy for a multi-vector energy complex(MEC),considering a fullblown model of the power-to-biomethane(Pt M)process.Unlike conventional optimization that uses a simple efficiency coefficient to coarsely model energy conversion between electricity and biomethane,a detailed Pt M model is introduced to emphasize the reactor kinetics and chemical equilibria of methanation.This model crystallizes the interactions between the Pt M process and MEC flexibility,allowing to adjust the operating condition of the methanation reactor for optimal MEC operation in stochastic scenarios.Temperature optimization and flowsheet design of the Pt M process increase the average selectivity of methane(i.e.,ratio between net biomethane production and hydrogen consumption)up to 83.7%in the proposed synthesis flowsheet.Simulation results can provide information and predictions to operators about the optimal operating conditions of a Pt M unit while improving the MEC flexibility. 展开更多
关键词 Multi-vector energy complex optimal stochastic scheduling power-to-biomethane unit process synthesis natural gas
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Recycling the spent electronic materials to construct a highperformance Cu_(1.94)S/ZnS heterostructure anode of sodium-ion batteries
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作者 Xiaowei He Tianshuai Wang +1 位作者 Lidong Tian Qiuyu Zhang 《Nano Research》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第5期4006-4015,共10页
Heterostructure engineering by coupling different nanocrystals has received extensive attention because it can enhance the reaction kinetics of the anode of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).However,constructing high-quality... Heterostructure engineering by coupling different nanocrystals has received extensive attention because it can enhance the reaction kinetics of the anode of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).However,constructing high-quality heterostructure anode materials through green and environmentally friendly methods remains a challenge.Herein,we have proposed a simple one-step method by recycling the electronic waste metal materials to synthesize the Cu_(1.94)S/ZnS heterostructure materials.Combined with the experimental analysis and first principle calculations,we find that the synergistic effect of different components in heterostructure structures can significantly enhance the reversible capacity and rate performance of anode materials.Based on the constructed Cu_(1.94)S/ZnS anode,we obtain a superior reversible capacity of 440 mAh·g^(-1) at 100 mA·g^(-1) and 335 mAh·g^(-1) after 3000 cycles at 2000 mA·g^(-1).Our work sheds new light on designing high-rate and capacity anodes for SIBs through the greenness synthesis method. 展开更多
关键词 sodium-ion batteries HETEROSTRUCTURE reversible capacity environmentally synthesis process
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Study on drug synthesis and activity of sodium olpadronate 被引量:1
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作者 Yuehua Liu Zhangqin Xue +3 位作者 Jianming Wei Ruomeng Wei Baodong Yin Aiqin Liu 《Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences》 CAS CSCD 2022年第11期883-892,共10页
As a systemic metabolic disease caused by a variety of factors,osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone mass,bone tissue microstructural degradation,and decreased bone mechanical properties,accompanied by bone fr... As a systemic metabolic disease caused by a variety of factors,osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone mass,bone tissue microstructural degradation,and decreased bone mechanical properties,accompanied by bone fragility and fracture,which is a common risk of senile disease.In China,osteoporosis has become a common disease and has frequent morbidity,with the incidence trend on the rise.Bisphosphates have received much attention in this field as inhibitory bone resorption agents,and sodium olpadronate belongs to the third-generation bisphosphonates.This experiment investigated the synthetic process and pharmacological activity of sodium olpadronate.Using 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)-propionitrile as the starting material,the synthesis process was improved to reduce cost with a total yield of 49.7%,which was 24.0%higher than that reported in the literature.Pharmacodynamic experiments showed that sodium olpadronate could be used to treat osteoporosis.Moreover,toxicology experiments showed no obvious toxic side effects.Taken together,sodium olpadronate had very promising development prospects. 展开更多
关键词 Opraedronate OSTEOPOROSIS BISPHOSPHONATE synthesis process PHARMACODYNAMICS TOXICOLOGY
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