Evaluation of the Effects of Cypermethrin on Female Reproductive Function by Using Rabbit Model and of the Protective Role of Chinese Propolis

The prophylactic effects of Chinese propolis against cypermethrin toxicity were evaluated by performing ovary and uterus histopathology, as well as by characterizing ovarian function, embryos, and litters. Cypermethrin induced atypia in the ovary and uterus, and decreased the ovulation sites and the number of embryos. Cypermethrin-induced oxidative stress during pregnancy, decreased the parturition rate as well as the number and weight of offspring and increased the incidence of morphological malformations in the offspring. Administration of propolis to cypermethrin-treated animals mitigated cypermethrin-induced reproductive toxicity.

Galantamine protects against beta amyloid peptide-induced DNA damage in a model for Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer’s disease（AD）is the most common type of dementia in elderly population.With a growing aging population not only in the United States but also in the worldwide,AD constitutes an emergent public health problem.

Countermeasures for Solving the Environmental Problems and Accelerating the Model City Construction of Xi'an

Through careful study, it found that the key and difficult points of affecting and restricting Xi＇an to reach the model city construction standards in provincial and national levels were ＂urban air environment quality standards＂ and ＂water qualification rate of urban water environment function area＂. In order to tackle with the weak links, highlight the important points and focus on the difficult points to strengthen scientific and technological innovation, we actively explored new ideas and ways to resolve the dilemma in meeting the two standards of model city construction, and we managed to put forward the countermeasures to resolve the dilemma through innovating system and mechanism. ＂Place master system＂ should be carded out quickly to meet the ＂urban air environment quality standards＂, while ＂river master system＂ should be implemented as soon as possible to reach the ＂water qualification rate of urban water environment function area＂. The aim of this study was to enhance the qualification rates of the indicators for model city construction to make Xi＇an successfully pass the provincial and national assessment of model city construction through dealing with the weak links to accelerate the realization of becoming model environmental protection city.

Study on Regulating Effects of "Aquatic Environment Protection Oriented Fishery" on Water Environment of Qiaodun Reservoir

In order to evaluate the regulating effect of ＂ aquatic environment protection oriented fishery＂ on aquatic ecosystem,the water quality,plankton community structure,biomass,diversity index,eutrophication index and ecosystem maturity evaluated with Ecopath model were compared from 2010 to 2012 in Qiaodun Reservoir of Zhejiang Province. It was indicated that the water quality had been improved obviously. The water transparency maximally increased by 130%,while TP,TN and CODCrwere reduced. The density and biomass of the plankton were decreased,so was the ratio of Cynobacteria in phytoplankton community. The Shannon-Weaver index was increased; the trophic level was decreased; the ecosystem maturity was improved. By all accounts,the ＂ aquatic environment protection oriented fishery＂ had positive effects on maintaining the balance of reservoir ecosystem and ensuring the safety of drinking water.

流通成本变动与制造业空间集聚分析及对策

在空间经济学中,流通成本与制造业空间集聚是学界热门议题,一系列与区域贸易和政府决策相关的关系成为流通理论关注的热点。现有理论或实证研究从微观角度分析流通经济现象,为考察流通产业提供了微观建模思想。基于国内外相关文献,融合双边市场理论和中心—外围模型,利用1996—2014年数据,通过模拟法分析流通成本变动影响制造业空间集聚的机制,基于面板回归和空间计量方法进行检验发现,我国省域间流通成本差距正在不断拉大,流通成本指数和空间溢出指标在控制了物价变量与运输条件变量后对地区制造业集聚仍然保持正影响,地区流通成本与工业集聚水平为倒U型关系。这充分说明,贸易环境与地方政府关系密切,在产业转型升级过程中,考虑到我国区域经济发展的差异性,加之产业再分工、贸易保护主义等因素影响,严重阻碍了市场一体化进程。因此,经济新常态背景下,为更好地改善地区投资环境,充分发挥流通服务业对制造业发展的推动作用,增加流通服务业投资,促进流通服务业持续稳定发展,一要政府转变观念,提高对流通服务业的重视程度;二要提高流通服务业发展水平,促进制造业发展;三要制定合理的产业政策,调整产业结构;四要引导与促进产业间融合,提高流通业与制造业协同发展程度。

基本药物招标采购中地方保护主义的经济学分析

目的:探讨基本药物集中采购中地方保护主义不应该存在的主要原因,并对如何减少地方保护主义提供相应的建议。方法:在原始产权模型的基础上建立新的市场产权模型,以此来分析目前基本药物集中采购中地方保护主义的现状,并对如何减少地方保护主义提供相应的建议。结果与结论:应建立并完善基本相应制度,消除基本药物集中采购中的地方保护主义。

贸易保护主义抬头趋势下我国贸易摩擦预警模型的构建

在当前全球经济危机持续、贸易保护主义抬头背景下,构建我国贸易摩擦预警模型十分必要。研究表明,我国目前的贸易摩擦预警指标主要集中在反倾销这种方式上,因此,预警模型的指标体系需要加入反映反补贴、技术贸易壁垒等的指标。在指标体系构建完善基础上,通过专家评分模型、层次分析法确定指标权重,最后用多因素加权法给出预警区间。

乡村政治研究中的“保护—逆保护”

保护关系与逆保护是人类生活中一种常见的交换关系,保护者与被保护者在资源占有、社会地位、社会影响等方面是不对等的,但保护者在一定情况下可能成为被保护者,而被保护者也有可能成为保护者。在乡村政治研究中,特别是乡村干部之间的关系、村民与村干部之间的关系、村干部的腐败等领域,"保护—逆保护"成为一种具有一定解释力的分析范式。

基于元胞自动机模型的新贸易保护主义分析

新贸易保护主义对外贸发展造成巨大冲击。元胞自动机模型根据国家来确定元胞,元胞状态,元胞空间,根据国家之间进行贸易保护主义来执行相关的演化规则,模拟各国在实施贸易保护主义时对经济与贸易的影响。有效防范和应对新贸易保护主义,依赖于政府、行业协会与企业的协调统一,积极合作。

基于引力模型的我国产品市场分割因素研究——来自省际铁路货运贸易的面板数据

由于各级政府实施地方保护主义,人为地限制产品和生产要素自由流通,加剧了我国产品的市场分割程度。因此,找出持续影响我国国内市场分割、阻碍生产要素流动的因素,将有效促进我国各区域间生产要素的合理流动和优化配置。笔者基于引力模型,运用省级面板数据,对我国省际贸易的产品市场分割、本地偏好程度以及分割原因进行估算和检验。结果显示,我国省际间的产品市场存在较为严重的分割现象。省际间的自然贸易壁垒和行政贸易壁垒加剧了我国省际间的产品市场分割。

市场分割对工业能源效率的影响--基于空间计量的实证分析

基于2000—2017年省级面板数据,应用理论模型与空间计量方法考察了市场分割对工业能源效率的影响及其传导机制。研究发现:第一,中国工业能源效率存在高度的空间相关性,即相邻省份能源效率的提高将促进本地能源效率的提升;第二,市场分割程度越高,工业企业单位GDP能耗越高,工业能源效率越低,在不同的稳健性检验下,这一结论都非常稳健;第三,市场分割的存在显著抑制了技术进步和技术效率提升对工业能源效率的影响。为了实现“碳达峰”“碳中和”目标和高质量发展,我们必须打破工业市场壁垒,完善市场交易机制,加速建立统一、开放的全国工业市场,加速淘汰在地方政府荫蔽之下的高排放、高污染、高能耗工业企业。

Bio-Inspired Electromagnetic Protection Based on Neural Information Processing

Electronic systems are vulnerable in electromagnetic interference environment. Although many solutions are adopted to solve this problem, for example shielding, filtering and grounding, noise is still introduced into the circuit inevitably. What impresses us is the biological nervous system with a vital property of robustness in noisy environment. Some mechanisms, such as neuron population coding, degeneracy and parallel distributed processing, are believed to partly explain how the nervous system counters the noise and component failure. This paper proposes a novel concept of bio-inspired electromagnetic protec- tion making reference to the characteristic of neural information processing. A bionic model is presented here to mimic neuron populations to transform the input signal into neural pulse signal. In the proposed model, neuron provides a dynamic feedback to the adjacent one according to the concept of synaptic plasticity. A simple neural circuitry is designed to verify the rationality of the bio-inspired model for electromagnetic protection. The experiment results display that bio-inspired electromagnetic pro- tection model has more power to counter the interference and component failure.

A New Anti-Spam Model Based on E-mail Address Concealment Technique

To deal with the junk e-mail problem caused by the e-mail address leakage for a majority of Internet users, this paper presents a new privacy protection model in which the e-mail address of the user is treated as a piece of privacy information concealed. Through an interaction pattern that involves three parties and uses an e-mail address code in the place of an e-mail address, the proposed model can prevent the e-mail address from being leaked, thus effectively resolving the junk e-mail problem. We compare the proposed anti-spam method with the filtering technology based on machine learning. The result shows that 100% spams can be filtered out in our scheme, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed anti-spam method.

公平竞争审查制度能否促进企业跨地区投资?

打破地方保护与市场分割,促进各类生产要素在地区间自由流动,是构建全国统一大市场的关键。以公平竞争审查制度作为准自然实验,检验该制度对企业跨地区投资的影响。研究表明,公平竞争审查制度显著促进了企业跨地区投资。作用机制检验证实,该制度通过提升市场竞争的充分性和公平性以及降低交易费用,促进企业跨地区投资。进一步检验发现,公平竞争审查制度更有效地促进了将该制度的执行纳入政府绩效评价体系和将第三方评估结果向社会公开地区的企业以及环境不确定程度高的企业进行跨地区投资。经济后果检验发现,该制度通过促进企业跨地区投资提高了企业异地经营绩效。研究结论拓展了政府监管与制度环境影响企业投资决策的经验证据,为完善公平竞争审查制度,以更好地实现有效市场与有为政府的有机统一、推进市场一体化建设、构建新发展格局,提供了微观层面的经验启示。

行政边界、技术扩散与共同富裕

行政区边界地带经济发展落后,是中国实现共同富裕需要解决的重大问题。本文构建扩展的空间杜宾模型,经验研究省级行政边界通过屏蔽技术扩散对经济增长的抑制作用。我们基于2001—2013年的地级市面板数据,发现技术在城市间扩散。对于某城市,其毗邻的同省城市的技术进步率增加1个百分点,平均意义上会导致该市技术进步率增加0.313个百分点;其毗邻的外省城市的技术进步率增加1个百分点,平均意义上会导致该市技术进步率增加0.196个百分点。这意味着省界屏蔽了0.117个百分点(37.38%)的技术扩散。省界通过屏蔽技术扩散导致城市年经济增长率降低0.325个百分点。这一经济增速损失占平均增长率的2.50%。机制分析表明,方言和地方保护是省界屏蔽技术扩散的原因。本文结论表明,促进省际边界地带经济发展,需要打破各种妨碍技术扩散的政策壁垒。

NEURO PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SCHISANDRA B ON AD-RELATED CELLULAR MODEL INVOLVES THE ATTENUATION OF APOPTOSIS

Schisandrin B(Sch B),the major lignans isolated from Schisandra chinensis,exerts high arntioxidant activities.However,it is unknown whether SchB protects neural cell against Aβinduced cellular apoptosis.This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective action of SchB on cellular model of AD,and revealed the underlying mechanisms.

金融危机以来贸易保护主义对中国出口的影响

本文对2008年金融危机以来中国遭受的贸易保护主义进行了统计描述,并结合中国HS4位数编码的出口数据,运用构建的动态差分引力模型实证检验了外国实施的贸易保护主义措施对中国出口的影响。研究表明:金融危机以来,中国出口受到了贸易保护主义的显著冲击。发达国家的贸易保护主义措施对中国出口的影响程度大于发展中国家。关税措施和政府采购等非关税壁垒是限制中国出口的主要形式,救助/国家援助和出口补贴对中国出口的间接冲击较为突出。贸易保护主义对中国的机械、金属、矿产品和加工食物行业中产品的出口阻碍尤其明显。

金融危机以来贸易保护主义对中国工业出口的影响研究

本文在对2008年金融危机以来中国工业遭受的贸易保护主义进行统计描述的基础上,利用中国335个HS4位数编码的行业出口数据,运用构建的动态差分引力模型实证检验了国外实施的贸易保护措施对中国工业出口的影响。研究结果表明:金融危机以来,中国工业出口受到了贸易保护主义的显著冲击,且其未来威胁呈不断增强态势;发达国家的贸易保护措施对中国工业出口的影响程度大于发展中国家,美国和阿根廷发起的贸易保护措施产生的冲击较突出;关税措施、进口禁令和政府采购等非关税壁垒是限制中国工业出口的主要形式,救助/国家援助和出口补贴对中国工业出口的间接冲击较为突出。

国内市场分割与雾霾污染--基于空间自滞后模型的实证研究

财政分权体制下地方政府之间的市场分割行为是引发雾霾污染的重要因素之一,以往研究忽视了对这一方面的考察。从规模变化效应、结构转型效应和技术进步效应三个方面分析了市场分割影响雾霾污染的传导机制,并基于卫星监测的PM2.5栅格数据,采用空间自滞后模型和两阶段最小二乘法实证分析了市场分割对雾霾污染的影响效应及其传导机制的作用效果。研究发现:考察期内,市场分割显著加剧了雾霾污染,且邻近地区的市场分割对本地区雾霾污染也具有显著的恶化作用;市场分割对雾霾污染的影响效应存在显著的时间和空间异质性;就传导机制来说,地方政府之间的市场分割行为抑制了规模变化效应、结构转型效应和技术进步效应的发挥,进而对雾霾污染产生重要影响;不仅如此,市场分割还进一步阻碍了地方政府围绕雾霾污染所开展的区域协同治理活动。研究结论的政策启示在于,在中国加快雾霾污染治理的进程中,各地区既要"自扫门前雪",也要兼顾周边地区的"瓦上霜",实现雾霾污染治理的群防群治和协同治理,促进中国经济实现高质量发展。