Laser-processed lithium niobate wafer for pyroelectric sensor

During the past few decades, pyroelectric sensors have attracted extensiveattention due to their prominent features. However, their effectiveness is hinderedby low electric output. In this study, the laser processed lithium niobate(LPLN) wafers are fabricated to improve the temperature–voltage response.These processed wafers are utilized to construct pyroelectric sensors as well ashuman–machine interfaces. The laser induces escape of oxygen and the formationof oxygen vacancies, which enhance the charge transport capability on thesurface of lithium niobate (LN). Therefore, the electrodes gather an increasedquantity of charges, increasing the pyroelectric voltage on the LPLN wafers toa 1.3 times higher voltage than that of LN wafers. For the human–machineinterfaces, tactile information in various modes can be recognized by a sensorarray and the temperature warning system operates well. Therefore, the lasermodification approach is promising to enhance the performance of pyroelectricdevices for applications in human–machine interfaces.

Minimum sensing cell measurement in network domain based on PIR sensor array

To reasearch on the infrared target perception by pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensor in network domain measurement,a closed sensing network domain composed of eight-PIR-sensor array is proposed for the minimum sensing cell measurement in network domain and to realize the moving target perception and trajectory prediction. Moreover,the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method are verified through experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that the maximum error between the real trajectory and the predicted trajectory of the minimum sensing cell measurement method is 0.64 m,which can achieve infrared target perception and moving trajectory prediction.

Monitoring System of tourist traffic(MSTT) for tourists monitoring in mid-mountain national park,SW Poland

National parks are highly valuable natural areas and have the potential to attract a large number of visitors.The number of visitors at national parks is systematically increasing,often exceeding Tourism Carrying Capacity(TCC)of trails.This situation requires adjusting the number of park visitors to adapt to sustainable management systems of visitor flow,thus preventing or counteracting overtourism.The aim of the study is to propose a comprehensive method for tourists monitoring in mid-mountain national park presented on the example of the Sto?owe Mountains National Park(SMNP)in Poland,called as Monitoring System of tourist traffic(MSTT).The study describes six stages procedure of tourists Monitoring System creation and application as an optimal measurement technique.The MSTT enabled a multidimensional analysis of tourist traffic in SMNP.With the help of 39 pyroelectric sensors and surveys data spatio-temporal characteristic of visitor flow was obtained.The data generated in MSTT included hourly,daily,weekly,monthly,and annual reports,taking into account the direction of traffic measuring both directions:entries(IN),exits(OUT)and passages(IN+OUT).The results from pyroelectric sensors were supplemented with field surveys,where visitor’s motivations,preferences,and behaviours were determined.In 2017 a total of 871,344 visitors were recorded in SMNP what causes one of the most popular national parks in Poland.The SMNP is a suitable destination for short breaks leisure visits in wilderness.In order to sustain MSTT methodology in the long-run the set of guidelines together with the workload estimates were presented.In the future,the MSTT can be further developed,including monitoring of climbing,cycling,cross-country skiing,car traffic and illegal tourism assessment.The MSTT can be considered as a useful tool for tourism management in mid-mountain national parks throughout the entire calendar year.