Pyrophyllite (H2Al2,Si4 O22, ) dust (P-dust) is a mixture of silica (10-40% ), differentproportions of a luminium oxide (Al2O3 ), and various metal compounds. People with occupa-tions known to be associated with expos...Pyrophyllite (H2Al2,Si4 O22, ) dust (P-dust) is a mixture of silica (10-40% ), differentproportions of a luminium oxide (Al2O3 ), and various metal compounds. People with occupa-tions known to be associated with exposure to P-dust include miners, other industrial workersand persons engaged in artistic carving. Currently, little is known about pyrophyllite pneumo-coniosis from P-dust. This study was designed to investigate the hazardous effects of P-dustand to suggest a maximum allowable concentration (MAC) of the dust.This.study included four parts: (i) Occupational epidemiology surveys in 781 workersfrom 1 pyrophyllite mine (PM) and four pyrophyllite carving mills (PCM), with a registra-tion rate of 98 %. (ii) In vitro studies: Six groups of rats were expeed to different levels ofP-dust; the cytotoxicity of P-dust on rat alveolar macrophages (AM) was investigated by de-termining the potassium'content of AM and the activity levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)in AM culture fluid. (iii) Mineralogical analysis of P-dust: The contents of silica (SiO2 ), alu-minium (Al), ferrum (Fe), niikel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in hath PM-dust andPCMdust were determined. (iv ) Determination of P-dust MAC: Using the life-talbemethod, an investigation of the hygiene standard of P-dust was carried out in 625 workers ex-POSed to either PM-dust or PCM-dust, uPon whom routine radiographs were Performed.The results suggest that the risk of developing pneumoconiosis from pyrophyllite dust issignificantly higher for PM workers than for PCM workers. The prevalence rate of PCM-dustpneumoconiosis is significantly higher in men than in women. The content of SiO2 and AlO3in the mixture of P-dust is the most important factor in the etiology of pyrophyllitosis. De-pending on the different P-dust MAC values, we suggest that 2 rng/m3 and 4 mg/m' shouldbe considered as the MAC for PM-dust and PCM-dust, respectively, and 3 mg/m' fOr P-dust. We believe that establishing different hygiene standards is more accurate even thoughworkers are exposured to the 'same' dust展开更多
To solve the problem of over-high density of lightweight insulation refractory bricks prepared with fly ash, new lightweight insulation refractory materials with density 〈 0. 89 g · cm^-3 were .synthesized using...To solve the problem of over-high density of lightweight insulation refractory bricks prepared with fly ash, new lightweight insulation refractory materials with density 〈 0. 89 g · cm^-3 were .synthesized using pyrophyl-lite, .fly ash, and Suzhou clay as the main starting materials and saw dast as the pore forming substance, and controlling the addition of the pyrophyllite （20%, 30% , and 40% by mass ） and the treating temperature （1 250, 1 300, 1 350, and 1 400 ℃ ）. The synthesized materials were characterized by the XRD, SEM and the thermal conductivity measuring in.strument. The results show at pyrophyllite addition of 30% and treat temperature of l 400 ℃ , the material can achieve linear shrinkage of 6. 6%, apparent porosity of 57%, bulk density of 0. 75 g · cm^-3, compressive strength of 2.7 MPa, and thermal conductivity at 350 ℃ of 0. 152 -0. 216 W·（ m·K）^-1.This indicates that the pyrophyllite decomposition at high temperatures forms mullite and amorphous quartz introducing volume expansion, which counteracts some shrinkage at high temperatures. So it is feasible to use pyrophyllite, fly ash waste and clay to prepare lightweight insulation refractory materials.展开更多
The volcanic gas-liguid type of pyrophyllite deposits in the SoutheasternCoastal areas, China are the product of tectono-magama-volcanism in Diwa regions. The pyro-phyllite ore-bearing volcanic formation were formed ...The volcanic gas-liguid type of pyrophyllite deposits in the SoutheasternCoastal areas, China are the product of tectono-magama-volcanism in Diwa regions. The pyro-phyllite ore-bearing volcanic formation were formed in the maximum-mobility period of Diwa, which are mainly the Late Jurassic strata and are secondly the Early Cretaceous volcanic-sedi-mentary rock series strata. The lithology of the host rock is mainly rhyolitic crystal-vitric tuff, and the chemical composition is characterized by high silicon rich alumium and low iron, be-longing to the acid-intermediate-acid rock and the kalicalc-calc-alkalic series and the rhyo-lite-rhyodacite assemblage. They play an important role in the pyrophyllite mineralization.展开更多
WITH the increase of heating temperature, phase of pyrophyllite will undergo a series of transformations. Former scholars have done some work in this respect; the temperature spans,however, were normally not more than...WITH the increase of heating temperature, phase of pyrophyllite will undergo a series of transformations. Former scholars have done some work in this respect; the temperature spans,however, were normally not more than 1150℃ and no relatively comprehensive results have been reported. Thus, the features of the phases from indoor temperature to melting point (1710℃±) for pyrophyllite and the entire evolutionary process of the phases are uncertain.展开更多
Pyrophyllite is always used for making porous ceramics. In order to design the preparation technics of porous ceramics with pyrophyllite reasonably we must know the classifications, characteristics, properties and app...Pyrophyllite is always used for making porous ceramics. In order to design the preparation technics of porous ceramics with pyrophyllite reasonably we must know the classifications, characteristics, properties and applications of porous ceramics. The classification and characteristics of porous ceramics are reviewed in this article; and several common preparations with their advantages and disadvantages are also introduced. The authors discussed the problems existing in researching and developing process for porous ceramics, and forecasted the development prospect of porous ceramics.展开更多
The Longmen kaolinite deposit is one of the largest hydrothermal clay deposits of Ganxi volcanic basin（northern Wuyi Mountain area, China）. The pristine host rocks are rhyolitic crystal-vitric tuff and minor lapilli...The Longmen kaolinite deposit is one of the largest hydrothermal clay deposits of Ganxi volcanic basin（northern Wuyi Mountain area, China）. The pristine host rocks are rhyolitic crystal-vitric tuff and minor lapilli tuff from the Late Jurassic Ehuling Formation. The ore consists of kaolin-group minerals（kaolinite, dickite）, pyrophyllite with minor quartz, sericite, pyrite, etc.. From the host rocks to the transition zones（altered rocks） then to the vein ores, contents of SiO2 and TFe2O3 decrease, whereas Al2O3 and LOI increase, consistent with the contents increase of kaolin minerals and pyrophyllite in the samples. The total REE abundances of the ores are much lower than that of the host and altered rocks, Rb, Nb, Nd, Zr, Ti and Y are significantly depleted. Apparent zoning features of bulk geochemistry and mineral component reflect that the kaolinite deposit occurred at the expense of the host rock by ascending hydrothermal fluids with distinct removal of SiO2, TFe2O3, Na2O, K2O. According to the mineral assemblage, the formation temperature of this deposit falls within the range of 270–350 ℃. With regard to the industrial applications, the kaolinized ores are suitable for use in ceramics and gemologic materials crafted for seal stones. Moreover, in mineralogical terms, this deposit is also proved to be an excellent example for studying channeled hydrothermal alterations of rhyolitic tuff.展开更多
ABBOTT et al. considered that there might be two types of hydroxyls with different site energies in the dioctahedral silicates. Giese holds a similar opinion. However, so far no detailed research has been done on the ...ABBOTT et al. considered that there might be two types of hydroxyls with different site energies in the dioctahedral silicates. Giese holds a similar opinion. However, so far no detailed research has been done on the orientating features, types and genesis of orientations展开更多
文摘Pyrophyllite (H2Al2,Si4 O22, ) dust (P-dust) is a mixture of silica (10-40% ), differentproportions of a luminium oxide (Al2O3 ), and various metal compounds. People with occupa-tions known to be associated with exposure to P-dust include miners, other industrial workersand persons engaged in artistic carving. Currently, little is known about pyrophyllite pneumo-coniosis from P-dust. This study was designed to investigate the hazardous effects of P-dustand to suggest a maximum allowable concentration (MAC) of the dust.This.study included four parts: (i) Occupational epidemiology surveys in 781 workersfrom 1 pyrophyllite mine (PM) and four pyrophyllite carving mills (PCM), with a registra-tion rate of 98 %. (ii) In vitro studies: Six groups of rats were expeed to different levels ofP-dust; the cytotoxicity of P-dust on rat alveolar macrophages (AM) was investigated by de-termining the potassium'content of AM and the activity levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)in AM culture fluid. (iii) Mineralogical analysis of P-dust: The contents of silica (SiO2 ), alu-minium (Al), ferrum (Fe), niikel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in hath PM-dust andPCMdust were determined. (iv ) Determination of P-dust MAC: Using the life-talbemethod, an investigation of the hygiene standard of P-dust was carried out in 625 workers ex-POSed to either PM-dust or PCM-dust, uPon whom routine radiographs were Performed.The results suggest that the risk of developing pneumoconiosis from pyrophyllite dust issignificantly higher for PM workers than for PCM workers. The prevalence rate of PCM-dustpneumoconiosis is significantly higher in men than in women. The content of SiO2 and AlO3in the mixture of P-dust is the most important factor in the etiology of pyrophyllitosis. De-pending on the different P-dust MAC values, we suggest that 2 rng/m3 and 4 mg/m' shouldbe considered as the MAC for PM-dust and PCM-dust, respectively, and 3 mg/m' fOr P-dust. We believe that establishing different hygiene standards is more accurate even thoughworkers are exposured to the 'same' dust
基金financial support from the National Nature Science Foundation of China(51502213)
文摘To solve the problem of over-high density of lightweight insulation refractory bricks prepared with fly ash, new lightweight insulation refractory materials with density 〈 0. 89 g · cm^-3 were .synthesized using pyrophyl-lite, .fly ash, and Suzhou clay as the main starting materials and saw dast as the pore forming substance, and controlling the addition of the pyrophyllite （20%, 30% , and 40% by mass ） and the treating temperature （1 250, 1 300, 1 350, and 1 400 ℃ ）. The synthesized materials were characterized by the XRD, SEM and the thermal conductivity measuring in.strument. The results show at pyrophyllite addition of 30% and treat temperature of l 400 ℃ , the material can achieve linear shrinkage of 6. 6%, apparent porosity of 57%, bulk density of 0. 75 g · cm^-3, compressive strength of 2.7 MPa, and thermal conductivity at 350 ℃ of 0. 152 -0. 216 W·（ m·K）^-1.This indicates that the pyrophyllite decomposition at high temperatures forms mullite and amorphous quartz introducing volume expansion, which counteracts some shrinkage at high temperatures. So it is feasible to use pyrophyllite, fly ash waste and clay to prepare lightweight insulation refractory materials.
文摘The volcanic gas-liguid type of pyrophyllite deposits in the SoutheasternCoastal areas, China are the product of tectono-magama-volcanism in Diwa regions. The pyro-phyllite ore-bearing volcanic formation were formed in the maximum-mobility period of Diwa, which are mainly the Late Jurassic strata and are secondly the Early Cretaceous volcanic-sedi-mentary rock series strata. The lithology of the host rock is mainly rhyolitic crystal-vitric tuff, and the chemical composition is characterized by high silicon rich alumium and low iron, be-longing to the acid-intermediate-acid rock and the kalicalc-calc-alkalic series and the rhyo-lite-rhyodacite assemblage. They play an important role in the pyrophyllite mineralization.
文摘WITH the increase of heating temperature, phase of pyrophyllite will undergo a series of transformations. Former scholars have done some work in this respect; the temperature spans,however, were normally not more than 1150℃ and no relatively comprehensive results have been reported. Thus, the features of the phases from indoor temperature to melting point (1710℃±) for pyrophyllite and the entire evolutionary process of the phases are uncertain.
文摘Pyrophyllite is always used for making porous ceramics. In order to design the preparation technics of porous ceramics with pyrophyllite reasonably we must know the classifications, characteristics, properties and applications of porous ceramics. The classification and characteristics of porous ceramics are reviewed in this article; and several common preparations with their advantages and disadvantages are also introduced. The authors discussed the problems existing in researching and developing process for porous ceramics, and forecasted the development prospect of porous ceramics.
基金supported by the Innovative Research Team in University (No. B07011) the Postdoctoral Research Fund of Jiangxi Province, China (No. 2013KY48) the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (No. 2001YXL048)
文摘The Longmen kaolinite deposit is one of the largest hydrothermal clay deposits of Ganxi volcanic basin（northern Wuyi Mountain area, China）. The pristine host rocks are rhyolitic crystal-vitric tuff and minor lapilli tuff from the Late Jurassic Ehuling Formation. The ore consists of kaolin-group minerals（kaolinite, dickite）, pyrophyllite with minor quartz, sericite, pyrite, etc.. From the host rocks to the transition zones（altered rocks） then to the vein ores, contents of SiO2 and TFe2O3 decrease, whereas Al2O3 and LOI increase, consistent with the contents increase of kaolin minerals and pyrophyllite in the samples. The total REE abundances of the ores are much lower than that of the host and altered rocks, Rb, Nb, Nd, Zr, Ti and Y are significantly depleted. Apparent zoning features of bulk geochemistry and mineral component reflect that the kaolinite deposit occurred at the expense of the host rock by ascending hydrothermal fluids with distinct removal of SiO2, TFe2O3, Na2O, K2O. According to the mineral assemblage, the formation temperature of this deposit falls within the range of 270–350 ℃. With regard to the industrial applications, the kaolinized ores are suitable for use in ceramics and gemologic materials crafted for seal stones. Moreover, in mineralogical terms, this deposit is also proved to be an excellent example for studying channeled hydrothermal alterations of rhyolitic tuff.
文摘ABBOTT et al. considered that there might be two types of hydroxyls with different site energies in the dioctahedral silicates. Giese holds a similar opinion. However, so far no detailed research has been done on the orientating features, types and genesis of orientations
