Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Wheat-Red Kidney Bean Biscuits

This research was aimed to study the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of biscuits fortified with red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) powder. Proximate compositions, total phenol content, antioxidant activity, and functional properties of red kidney bean (RKB) powder were studied before and after the incorporation of red kidney bean in the biscuits. The bean powder was mixed with wheat flour at a level of 0% as control, 10%, 20%, and 30% during dough preparation. Results revealed that RKB powder is a rich source of protein (26.25%) together with carbohydrate (59.7%), fat (2.4%), and ash (3.27%). The total phenolic content of bean powder was 14.15 mg GAE/g. Kidney bean powder showed good functional properties including water absorption capacity (149.7%), oil holding capacity (99.54%), swelling capacity (4.6%), and bulk density of 0.74 g/ml. After increasing the percentage of RKB with control, there were significant increases (p < 0.05) in the levels of protein, moisture, ash, fat, while carbohydrate content and total gross energy decreased significantly. Investigation of total phenolic content showed the increasing trend with the higher RKB fortification, which amounted to 10.31 mg GAE/g for control and 12.50 mg GAE/g for 30% RKB. DPPH radical scavenging activity was investigated for all the samples at five different concentrations. As there was an increase in the percentage of RKB and concentration of the samples, the antioxidant activity also increased significantly (p < 0.05), where IC50 value decreased from 0.0228 mg/ml for control to 0.0289 mg/ml for 10% RKB, followed by 20% and 30% RKB, respectively. In sensory test, the control cake secured the highest score in color, flavor, texture and overall acceptability followed by the cake incorporated with 10% freeze-dried mushroom powder.

英国红芸豆抗氧化肽对氧化应激斑马鱼的保护作用研究

为探究英国红芸豆抗氧化肽组分(BRKBPAPC)的体内抗氧化作用,利用2,2′-偶氮二异丁基脒二盐酸盐诱导建立氧化应激斑马鱼模型,研究BRKBPAPC对氧化应激斑马鱼的影响。结果表明:BRKBPAPC能显著提高(P<0.05)斑马鱼体内过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活力和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),显著降低(P<0.05)丙二醛(MDA)含量;同时BRKBPAPC还具有调节斑马鱼脂代谢的能力,随着处理浓度的增加斑马鱼脂代谢指标逐渐恢复正常水平;高剂量BRKBPAPC可使斑马鱼行为轨迹增多,高速运动次数、时间、距离显著上升。高剂量抗氧化肽处理21 d时,CAT、SOD、T-AOC、GSH-Px分别增至(28.29±3.29)、(126.59±6.39)、(2.07±0.18)、(84.75±7.77)U/mg prot,MDA含量降至(3.35±0.29)nmol/mg prot。由此可见,BRKBPAPC具有较好的体内抗氧化作用及脂代谢调节能力。

气吸式电动红豆播种控制系统设计与试验——基于模糊PID

为解决高密度作物播种时不均匀等问题,设计了一种基于模糊PID的气吸式电动红豆播种控制系统。对排种电机进行了数学模型建立,利用MatLab 2020b/Simulink进行系统仿真,通过对比模糊PID系统和PID系统的控制性能验证设计的优越性。仿真试验表明:模糊PID相较于PID超调量降低了18.82%,调节时间缩短了0.5357s,稳态误差也减少了0.0192,各项指标得到了提升。台架试验结果表明:模糊PID播种控制系统比PID播种控制系统合格指数总体提高了2.21个百分点,重播指数总体下降1.1个百分点,漏播指数总体下降1.3个百分点,变异系数总体下降6.55个百分点。模糊PID播种控制系统各项性能指标都优于PID播种控制系统,播种精度指标均满足国家标准。

红豆肽的制备、分离纯化及降糖活性研究

目的:筛选红豆蛋白的酶解工艺并研究红豆多肽的降糖活性及构效关系。方法:采用碱沉酸提法提取红豆粗蛋白,以肽得率、水解度、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制、Fe^(2+)螯合率、DPPH清除率为指标筛选最佳蛋白酶;酶解得到红豆多肽,醇沉多糖后通过DA201-C大孔吸附树脂进行脱盐纯化后,测定多肽的分子量及氨基酸组成来探讨其构效关系。结果:经4种蛋白酶(中性、碱性、风味、复合蛋白酶)水解后,碱性蛋白酶的肽得率为82.95%,水解度为52.67%,实验浓度范围内最佳α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制为72.14%,比其他3种酶均高;85%乙醇醇沉后的肽糖比、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率(73.49%)和α-淀粉酶抑制率(31.31%)均最高,脱盐纯化后肽含量高达97.61%,在2 mg/mL时测定对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制效果,分别为52.49%和14.63%,表明除去多糖后红豆多肽仍具有独立降血糖活性;经测定,红豆多肽以小分子为主,3 kDa以下占比91.40%,其中小于1000 Da占比达到75.28%。纯化后疏水性氨基酸占比约37.28%,其中甘氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸和谷氨酸含量较高。结论:碱性蛋白酶是制备红豆多肽的最佳蛋白酶,分离纯化后的红豆多肽具有降糖活性,其活性可能与4种疏水性氨基酸含量较高且分子量较小有关。

山药红豆复合乳饮料的工艺研究

本文以全脂奶粉、山药和红豆为主要原料,白砂糖和复合稳定剂等作为辅助材料,研发一种新型的具有保健功能的大众型复合乳饮料。为得到山药红豆复合乳饮料的最佳工艺配比,采用单因素实验筛选出最优单因素水平,在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交试验和感官评价对山药红豆复合乳饮料制作工艺进行工艺优化,以成品质量(100g)为基准确定最佳工艺参数,实验结果表明:山药浆与红豆浆混合比例1∶3,山药红豆混合浆液与全脂牛奶(全脂奶粉∶水=1∶7)的比例3∶4,白砂糖添加量4%,山药打浆时间3min,红豆打浆时间5min,复合稳定剂的添加量0.25%,山药红豆复合乳饮料的酸度为0.903g/L,可溶性固形物的含量为10.5%,蛋白质含量为2.9g/100g,检测出菌落总数为7.9×10^(3)CFU/mL。本次实验得出山药红豆复合乳饮料的颜色呈淡紫色,口感细腻,甜度适中,具有山药和红豆的独特气味。

红豆糯米饼的工艺研究与品质控制

在保证食品安全的前提下,对红豆糯米饼配方进行优化,并探讨低温储藏对产品的影响。采用单因素试验对糯米面皮所需的牛奶含量、糖含量,馅料红豆沙的添加量,以及烘焙的温度和时间进行研究。应用正交试验对牛奶添加量、烘焙温度和烘焙时间进行优化。结果表明,最佳工艺参数为60 g糯米粉,白砂糖6 g、牛奶55 g、红豆沙20 g,190℃烘烤16 min。样品放置一周后,硬度、内聚性和咀嚼性测定数值均表现为上升。

创新型红豆露酒的工艺探究

露酒主要是以酒基和原辅料按照生产工艺加工而成。其原辅料可供选择的品种很多,具有强大的优势。如:宫丁香、枸杞、人参、蛇、当归、动物、动物的骨骼等等,可以说,凡是中医能够入药的品种,基本上都能按照生产工艺而生产露酒。主要论述了红豆越橘的生长环境、功效与作用及红豆酒材料的筛选、生产工艺等,为红豆酒的发展提供一些理论依据。

Tolerance of Four Market Classes of Dry Beans to Tribenuron and Carfentrazone Applied Preplant

Limited information is available on the sensitivity of dry beans to tribenuron and carfentrazone applied preplant (PP). Four field trials were conducted at Exeter and Ridgetown, ON, Canada in 2019 and 2020 to determine the tolerance of azuki, kidney, small red and white beans to glyphosate (1800 g·ae·ha-1) + tribenuron (15 g·ai·ha-1), glyphosate (1800 g·ae·ha-1) + carfentrazone (35 g·ai·ha-1) and glyphosate (1800 g·ae·ha-1) + tribenuron (15 g·ai·ha-1) + carfentrazone (35 g·ai·ha-1) applied PP 1 - 2 days prior to seeding dry beans. Glyphosate + tribenuron, glyphosate + carfentrazone, and glyphosate + tribenuron + carfentrazone, applied PP, caused 5%, 5% and 9% bean injury at 1 WAE;7%, 6% and 10% bean injury at 2 WAE and 6%, 5% and 8% bean injury at 4 WAE, respectively. At 8 WAE, there was 0, 1% and 4% injury in azuki bean;1%, 2% and 2% injury in kidney bean;3%, 2% and 3% injury in small red bean;and 6%, 3% and 2% injury in white bean with glyphosate + tribenuron, glyphosate + carfentrazone, and glyphosate + tribenuron + carfentrazone applied PP, respectively. The injury was significantly greater with glyphosate + tribenuron in small red and white beans compared to the azuki and kidney beans. There was no difference between injury levels among market classes of dry been with glyphosate + carfentrazone or glyphosate + tribenuron + carfentrazone applied PP. There was no effect of glyphosate + tribenuron, glyphosate + carfentrazone and glyphosate + tribenuron + carfentrazone on dry bean plant stand, maturity and seed yield. However, dry bean biomass was reduced as much as 15% with glyphosate + tribenuron and 13% with glyphosate + tribenuron + carfentrazone compared to the untreated control. Dry bean height was reduced 4% with glyphosate + tribenuron + carfentrazone but was not affected with other treatments. Based on these results, there is potential for using glyphosate plus tribenuron or carfentrazone for preplant weed management in dry bean production.

氮磷钾肥配施对北方寒地珍珠红小豆产量的效能研究

为解决氮磷钾肥配施比例不合理造成北方寒地珍珠红小豆肥料供给不足和产量低等问题,于2021~2022年采用三因素五水平二次正交旋转组合设计,研究氮磷钾肥不同肥料配比对红小豆产量性状的影响,并构建肥料效应函数模型及最佳施肥方案。研究结果表明:不同氮磷钾肥配施处理对珍珠红小豆产量产生显著影响,其中氮肥和磷肥对产量因子影响显著,钾肥对产量因子影响不显著,具体表现为磷肥>氮肥>钾肥;并通过氮磷钾三因子综合效能模型构建,确定红小豆产量大于1 750 kg/hm~2合理优化施肥模式,其中,N施用量76.071~81.203 kg/hm~2,P_(2)O_(5)施用量101.556~105.788 kg/hm~2,K_(2)O施用量63.275~69.242 kg/hm~2;各因素纯量N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O比例值1∶1.32∶0.843。

十七年小说中的“革命引路人”——以《红豆》《青春之歌》《红旗谱》为例

十七年小说在特定的时代背景影响下展现出鲜明的政治工具属性,由此小说中的情节结构、人物形象便相对稳定模板化。其中“革命引路人”这一人物形象因其在特定情节模式中不可缺少,而在革命历史叙事中留下了浓墨重彩的一笔。在《红豆》《红旗谱》以及《青春之歌》中“革命引路人”以正面鼓励型和以身践行型两种类型出现。尽管“引路人”由于身份和环境的不同会产生些许差异,但其共有的“引路”属性仍不容忽视。“革命引路人”还承担着解救、完成任务、身份转换三种叙事功能,对丰富当代文学人物画廊和传承红色文化有着无可比拟的重要意义。

王安忆小说集《红豆生南国》中的都市移民书写

王安忆小说集《红豆生南国》立足于当代,书写了全球化背景下都市移民的流动与漂泊。王安忆在小说集中不仅复写了移民人口的离散现状,更以“乡土人情”和共同生活为中介建构“流动的家”,试图在不确定的生活中重建日常生活的“恒常性”。王安忆的都市移民书写尽管在现实意义上带有一定乌托邦色彩,但一以贯之地体现了她小说创作中的日常生活美学。

不同种植密度对珍珠红小豆生理指标及产量的影响

在合江林业地区,选用珍珠红小豆佳红1号和佳红2号两个品种作为试验材料,试验期间,分别以14万株/hm^(2)、21万株/hm^(2)、28万株/hm^(2)和35万株/hm^(2)四种不同的栽植密度进行试验。对两品种珍珠红小豆的形态指标以及产量进行比较。试验结果显示,在一定范围内,种植密度对珍珠红小豆形态指标和产量的影响显著,其中珍珠红小豆的种植密度为21万株/hm^(2),在合江林业地区最为适宜。

Response of Four Dry Bean Market Classes to Pre-Emergence Applications of Pyroxasulfone, Sulfentrazone and Pyroxasulfone plus Sulfentrazone

Only one herbicide mode of action (ALS inhibitor) is currently available to Ontario dry bean producers for soil-applied broadleaf weed control. Four field studies were conducted over two years (2014, 2015) to examine the tolerance of four market classes of dry beans to sulfentrazone (210 and 420 g·ai·ha-1) and pyroxasulfone (100 and 200 g·ai·ha-1) applied alone and in combination. The registration of these two herbicides would provide Ontario dry bean producers with two additional modes of action for broadleaf weed control. Pyroxasulfone caused up to 23%, 6%, 7% and 10% injury in adzuki, kidney, small red Mexican and white bean, respectively;sulfentrazone caused up to 51%, 12%, 15% and 44% injury and the combination caused up to 90%, 23%, 29% and 62% injury, respectively. Kidney and small red Mexican bean density, height, seed moisture content and yield were not affected. Pyroxasulfone (200 g·ai·ha-1) + sulfentrazone (420 g·ai·ha-1) reduced adzuki and white bean density, shoot dry weight, height and yield. This study concludes that pyroxasulfone (100 g·ai·ha-1) + sulfentrazone (210 g·ai·ha-1) applied PRE can be safely used to control weeds in Ontario kidney and small red Mexican bean production.

Tolerance of Four Dry Bean Market Classes to Pre-Emergence Applications of Sulfentrazone

Ontario dry bean growers are currently limited to ALS inhibitor herbicides for soilapplied broadleaf weed control;therefore another mode of action is needed. Sulfentrazone is a PPO inhibitor herbicide that has activity on some annual grass and broadleaf weed species. Four field trials were conducted over two years (2014, 2015) to determine the tolerance of four commonly grown dry bean market classes (adzuki, kidney, small red Mexican and white bean) to PRE applications of sulfentrazone at 140, 210, 280 and 420 g·ai·ha-1. Crop injury, plant height, plant density, shoot biomass, seed moisture content and yield were examined. Sulfentrazone (420 g·ai·ha-1) caused up to 74%, 22%, 30%, and 57% injury in adzuki, kidney, small red Mexican and white bean, respectively. Plant density, height and yield were not reduced for kidney or small red Mexican bean. Sulfentrazone (420 g·ai·ha-1) reduced white bean plant density, height and yield by 28%, 29% and 29%, respectively;and reduced adzuki bean plant density, height and yield by 51%, 34% and 57%, respectively. Overall, kidney and small red Mexican bean were the most tolerant to sulfentrazone, followed by white bean, and then adzuki. This study determined sulfentrazone applied PRE is safe for Ontario kidney bean and small red Mexican bean crops.

蔗糖对不同品种赤小豆淀粉性能的影响

以三种不同赤小豆淀粉为原料,通过分析添加蔗糖前后淀粉的糊化性能、热力学性能、消化性能等特性,探究蔗糖对淀粉性能的影响。结果表明:直链淀粉含量较高的珍珠红赤小豆淀粉,具有较大的粒径、较高的峰值黏度和回生值,但其糊化温度和最终黏度较低;当添加10%的蔗糖后,三种淀粉的平均粒径、峰值黏度、凝沉性和快速消化淀粉(Rapidly digestible starch,RDS)显著降低(P<0.05),而三种淀粉的糊化温度、热焓值、回生值和衰减值却显著增加(P<0.05);慢速消化淀粉(Slowly digestible starch,SDS)含量除珍珠红赤小豆淀粉外均显著增加(P<0.05),淀粉凝胶性以及抗性淀粉(Resistant starch,RS)虽有下降,但不显著。蔗糖的添加促进了赤小豆淀粉的回生;抑制了淀粉的糊化、降低了抗老化性和消化性。

Dry Bean Sensitivity to Group 15 Herbicides Applied Preemergence

Field experiments (4 in total) were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in southwestern Ontario to compare the sensitivity of dry bean to four Group 15 herbicides applied preemergence (PRE). At 4 weeks after emergence (WAE), pethoxamid, S-metolachlor, dimethenamid-P and pyroxasulfone applied PRE at the 2X rate caused 5%, 9%, 9% and 14% visible injury in adzuki bean, 2%, 2%, 2% and 3% visible injury in kidney bean, 6%, 4%, 5% and 4% visible injury in small red Mexican (SRM) bean, and 9%, 6%, 8% and 9% visible injury in white bean, respectively. Pyroxasulfone reduced adzuki bean shoot biomass (m-1 row) 42% and height 12%. However, the other Group 15 herbicides did not reduce shoot biomass and height of adzuki bean. Kidney bean shoot biomass and height were not adversely affected by the Group 15 herbicides evaluated. S-metolachlor caused no adverse effect on SRM bean dry weight or height, but pethoxamid, dimethenamid-P and pyroxasulfone at the 2X rate reduced dry weight 26%, 28% and 28% and height 7%, 7% and 7% in SRM bean, respectively. Pethoxamid, S-metolachlor, dimethenamid-P, and pyroxasulfone applied PRE at the 2X rate reduced white bean dry weight 50%, 37%, 47% and 43% and height 16%, 10%, 16% and 15% in white bean, respectively. Pyroxasulfone (2X rate), applied PRE, reduced bean stand count and seed yield 12% and 7%, respectively. However, pethoxamid, S-metolachlor, and dimethenamid-P, applied PRE caused no decrease in stand count and seed yield of dry beans evaluated. In general, kidney and SRM bean are most tolerant, white bean is intermediate, and adzuki bean is most sensitive to Group 15 herbicides applied PRE.

Response of Eight Market Classes of Dry Bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>L.) to Pendimethalin

There is little information on the tolerance of dry bean to pendimethalin. Field studies were conducted in 2007 to 2009 at Exeter, Ontario and in 2008 and 2009 at Ridgetown, Ontario to evaluate tolerance of black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pink, pinto, Small Red Mexican and white bean to the pendimethalin applied preplant incorporated at 1080 and 2160 g.a.i.ha-1. Pendimethalin PPI caused minimal injury in most market classes of dry bean at 1 and 2 WAE. There was no injury in various market classes of dry bean with the low dose at 1 and 2 weeks after emergence (WAE). However, at the high dose there was 0 to 4% injury at 1 WAE and 0 to 7% injury at 2 WAE in black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pink, pinto, SRM and white bean. Pendimethalin PPI was more injurious in white bean than in black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pink, pinto and SRM bean. Pink and SRM bean exhibited the most tolerance to pendimethalin applied PPI at 1080 g.ai.ha-1 or 2160 g.ai.ha-1. Pendimethalin caused no adverse effect on plant height, shoot dry weight, seed moisture content and seed yield of black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pink, pinto, SRM and white bean. Based on these results, there is an adequate margin of crop safety for pendimethalin applied PPI at the proposed dose of 1080 g.ai.ha-1 in black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pink, pinto, SRM and white bean in Ontario.

红小豆多酚对小鼠视网膜光损伤的保护作用及其机制研究

研究红小豆多酚对光诱导的视网膜损伤的保护作用及其作用机制。采用红小豆多酚连续8周灌胃小鼠并强光照射以建立小鼠视网膜光损伤模型,利用视网膜电图和光学相干断层成像对视网膜生理指标进行检测,并测定视网膜组织的抗氧化能力和炎症相关指标含量。结果表明:红小豆干预小鼠后视网膜b波振幅和ONL厚度均显著高于模型组(P<0.01)。红小豆多酚通过增加SOD、CAT和GSH-px酶活性提高T-AOC活性以降低MDA含量。红小豆多酚抑制炎症因子IL-1β、TNF-α、MCP-1和NO的释放,还可降低VEGF含量以避免视网膜组织血管增生来降低细胞炎性浸润。红小豆多酚通过调节Nrf2-HO-1途径调控抗氧化能力,下调氧化应激反应,减轻NF-κB途径参与的炎症反应来保护视网膜。红小豆多酚对光诱导的视网膜损伤具有保护作用。

双酶法制备红豆多肽的工艺优化及其抗氧化活性

为更好利用红豆蛋白资源,研究酶解制备红豆多肽的工艺方法,该试验以红豆蛋白为原料,选取碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶共5种蛋白酶进行水解,以蛋白水解度为指标筛选出作用较佳的复合酶。在单因素试验的基础上,利用正交试验优化红豆蛋白多肽的制备工艺,以DPPH自由基、·OH、O_(2)^(-)·、ABTS^(+)自由基清除率为测定指标,评价红豆蛋白的抗氧化活性。结果表明:5种蛋白酶中,碱性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶复合水解制备红豆多肽效果较佳,经过工艺优化后最佳水解工艺为酶活比6∶4,反应pH值7.5,反应温度52℃,底物浓度5%,加酶量800 U/g,反应时间5 h,且抗氧化活性测定结果表明红豆多肽具有一定的抗氧化活性。

赤小豆薏米酸枣特色面包的研制

目的:研制具有除湿功能的特色营养面包。方法:以高筋小麦粉、赤小豆、薏米和酸枣为主要原料,通过单因素试验优化特色面包工艺配方。结果:功能性营养面包的最佳配方为以高筋小麦粉量(100%)为基准,20%赤小豆和薏米以及1.5%酸枣替代等量高筋小麦粉、酵母添加量1.4%、盐添加量1.4%、白砂糖添加量13%、黄油添加量10%,该配方下营养面包的品质最佳。结论:以赤小豆、薏米和酸枣替代部分高筋小麦粉,通过工艺优化,得到了风味尚佳,且具有一定除湿功能的营养面包。