A Cross-Sectional Study on The Prevalence of Anemia in Maintenance Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Patients and Its Related Factors

Objective:To study the prevalence of anemia,the proportion of hemoglobin(Hb)levels,the treatment methods,and the influencing factors of Hb levels in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)and peritoneal dialysis patients.Methods:In this study,602 patients with maintenance hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis were enrolled from December 2020 to December 2022 in our hospital,and their medical records were collected and summarized.The main contents included the patient’s gender,age,primary disease,dialysis duration,dialysis method,the use of erythropoietic stimulating agents(ESA),intravenous iron,and laboratory tests.A Hb index exceeding 110 g/L was set as the standard for the prevalence of anemia.Results:The rate of anemia in patients undergoing blood purification was 83%.The proportion of ESA use was 84.1%,and the proportion of iron use was 76.7%,of which the proportion of intravenous iron used was 17.0%,and the proportion of folic acid used was 28.3%.Conclusion:The incidence of anemia in MHD patients was relatively high,with a low proportion of patients reaching the standard Hb levels.Risk factors include albumin(ALB)levels,iron storage,white blood cells,C-reactive protein,cholesterol,etc.Nutritional support,iron supplementation,and prevention of micro-inflammatory reactions can effectively promote the improvement of Hb indicators in dialysis patients to prevent anemia.

Analysis of Factors Related to Vasovagal Response in Apheresis Blood Donors and the Establishment of Prediction Model Based on BP Neural Network Algorithm

Objective:To analyze the factors related to vessel vasovagal reaction(VVR)in apheresis donors,establish a mathematical model for predicting the correlation factors and occurrence risk,and use the prediction model to intervene in high-risk VVR blood donors,improve the blood donation experience,and retain blood donors.Methods:A total of 316 blood donors from the Xi'an Central Blood Bank from June to September 2022 were selected to statistically analyze VVR-related factors.A BP neural network prediction model is established with relevant factors as input and DRVR risk as output.Results:First-time blood donors had a high risk of VVR,female risk was high,and sex difference was significant(P value<0.05).The blood pressure before donation and intergroup differences were also significant(P value<0.05).After training,the established BP neural network model has a minimum RMS error of o.116,a correlation coefficient R=0.75,and a test model accuracy of 66.7%.Conclusion:First-time blood donors,women,and relatively low blood pressure are all high-risk groups for VVR.The BP neural network prediction model established in this paper has certain prediction accuracy and can be used as a means to evaluate the risk degree of clinical blood donors.

Analysis on Fuji Apple Tree Structures and Related Factors under Different Pruning Modes

To determine the correlations between the tree structuresof Fuji apple with different pruning modes and each factor, the data about 3 tree structures which were free spindle short shoot, free spindle long shoot and slenderspindle short shoot in Xingtang County of Hebai Province were investigated, then by SPSS anal- ysis, the correlations between the taperingness and each growth factor of inserted small branch were compared. The results showed that the taperingness of central trunk of free spindle dwarf-shoot Fuji apple treeshad negative correlations with each factor of inserted small branch, while the taperingness of central trunk of free spin- dle long-shoot Fuji apple treeshad positive correlations with each factor of inserted small branch, the taperingness of central trunk of slenderspindle short-shootFuji ap- ple treeshad negative correlation with total thickness of inserted small branch, but had positive correlations with other factors. This study can provide a scientifictheo- retical basis for the pruning technology of high-density planting trees grafting by dwarfing self-rooted rootstock.

Cesarean Section Rate in Singleton Primiparae and Related Factors in Beijing, China

Background： The cesarean section rate （CSR） bas been a main concern worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate the CSR in Beijing, China, and to analyze the related lactors of CS delivery. Methods： An observational study was conducted in 15 medical centers in Beijing using a systemic cluster sampling naethod. In total, 15, 194 pregnancies were enrolled in the study between ,lune 20, 2013 and November 30, 2013. Independent t-tests and Pearson＇s Chi-square test were nsed to examine differences between two groups, and related factors of the CSR were examined by multivariable logistic regression. Results： The CSR was 41.9% （4471/10,671） in singleton primiparae. Women who were more than 35 years old had a 7.4-fold increased risk of CS delivery compared with women 〈25 years old （odd ratio [OR] 7.388, 95% confidence interval [Cl] = 5.561-9.816, P 〈 0.001 ）. Prepregnancy obese women had a 2-1bid increased risk of CS delivery compared with prepregnancy normal weight women （OR = 2.058. 95% CI = 1.640-2.584, P〈 0.001 ）. The excessive weight gain group had a 1.4-fold increased risk of CS delivery compared with the adequate weight gain group （OR 1.422, 95% CI = 1.289 1.568, P〈 0.001 ）. Gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） women and DM women had an increased risk of CS delivery （ 1.2- and 1.7-fold, respectively） compared with normal blood glucose women. Women who were born in rural areas had a lower risk of CS delivery than did those who were born in urban areas （OR 0.696, 95% CI = 0.625-0.775, P 〈 0.001 ）. The risk of CS delivery gradually increased with a decreasing education level. Neonates weighing 3000-3499 g had the lowest CSR （36.2%）. Neonates weighing 〈2500 g had a 2-fold increased risk of CS delivery compared with neonates weighing 3000 3499 g （OR - 2.020, 95% CI=1.537 2.656, P 〈 0.001 ）. Neonates weighing ≥4500 g had an 8.3-fold increased risk of CS delivery compared with neonates weighing 3000-3499 g （OR = 8.313.95% CI= 4.436-15.579, P 〈 0.001）. Conclusions： Maternal age, prepregnancy body mass index, geslational weight gain, blood glncose levels, residence, education level, and singleton fetal birth weight arc all factors that might significantly affect the CSR.

Study on Self-consciousness of Children With Learning Disabilities and Related Factors

Objective To study the self-consciousness of children with learning disabilities (LD) and to identify related factors. Methods Five hundred and sixty pupils graded from 1 to 6 in an elementary school were investigated. According to the pupil rating scale revised screening for learning disabilities (PRS), combined Raven’s test (CRT) and achievement of main courses, 35 of 560 pupils were diagnosed as LD children. Thirty-five children were selected from the average children and 35 from advanced children in academic achievement equally matched in class, gender, and age with LD children as control groups. The three groups were tested by Piers-Harris children’s self-concept scale. Basic information of each subject was collected by self-made questionnaire. Results Compared with the average and advanced children, LD children got significantly lower scores in self-concept scale. Based on logistic regression analysis, 3 factors were identified, including family income per month, single child and delivery model. Conclusion The results suggest that self-consciousness of children with LD is lower than that of normal children.

Analysis of the psychological conditions and related factors of breast cancer patients

Sufferers of breast cancer are often plagued by various psychological problems. Mastectomy, which has a serious influence on the female sex characteristics, can bring about especially serious psychological problems. These problems affect not only the patients’ quality of life but also the beginning, development, and end of the disease. This paper reviewed the relationships between the patients’ personal factors, the disease itself, treatment factors, and other socio-psychological factors and psychological conditions so as to provide new ideas for the psychological intervention on breast cancer patients, comprehensive clinical diagnosis and treatment, and prevention and cure.

Risk factors related to chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

AIM: To evaluate the clinical factors related to chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). METHODS: A retrospective case-control study. A total of 103 consecutive patients (103 eyes) with primary RRD were studied to evaluate the clinical factors related to chronic RRD. RESULTS: Chi-square test was used to sift out the following associated factors with chronic RRD: younger patients(P=0.0028), better preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA, P=0.0316), atrophic retinal break (P<0.0001), inferior retinal break (P<0.0001), smaller break (P=0.0005); then the independent risk factors related to chronic RRD was determined by stepwise logistic regression analysis as following: atrophic retinal break (odds ratio (OR)=7.997, P=0.007), inferior retinal break (OR=14.127, P<0.0001) and better preoperative BCVA (OR=1.636 P<0.0722). CONCLUSION: Atrophic retinal break, inferior retinal break and better preoperative BCVA are the independent risk factors related to chronic RRD.

Family-relatedFactorsThatInfluenceChildren’sAcademicAchievementsinSchool

This essay studies various family-related factors that influence a child’s academic achievement in school in P.R. China. The factors are illustrated under three categories: the family’s social class and education, early home environment and family material condition. The author discusses the relevant factors by way of relating the knowledge of social environment to his own experiences as a student and then teacher in China. The essay closes with a discussion directing the public’s attention to the concern about home-related factors influencing a child’s academic achievements in school.

Subjective Well-Being among Empty-Nest Elderly and Its Related Factors:Taking Guangdong Province as an Example

Objective:To explore the the status of happiness and social support of empty nesters in Guangdong Province and analyze the relationship between the above two variables.Method:Totally 1148 empty nesters(776 males,734 females)from 5 cities in Guangdong province are selected by stratified random sampling and conducted with Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness(MUNSH),Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS),Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)and a self-edited questionnaire on the general information.Results:The total score of MUNSH is(10.20±6.37).The total score and the scores of the 3 dimensions of objective support,subject support,the use of support in SSRS are(30.79±5.51),(9.24±2.37),(19.38±4.95)and(9.22±2.15)respectively.Multiple variable linear regression show that are positively associated with the total scores of MUNSH(B=.227,.115,.098,.158,.082,respectively,P<.05).was negatively associated with total score of MUNSH(B=-.097,P<.05).Conclusion:It suggests that the sort of leisure,gender,progress rank,family characteristics,such as family economic condition and father’s career may be related factors of undergraduates life satisfaction.

Related factors of cognitive impairment after stroke

BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment after stroke associates with various factors, such as age, educational years, etc. Besides concerning about the recovery of limb function after stroke, we should also focus on the rehabilitation of cognition. Moreover, we’d better pay attention to the control of all the risk factors of stroke, and improve the quality of life in stroke patients. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors that affect cognitive impairment after stroke. DESIGN: A related factors analysis. SETTINGS: Department of Neurology of Dalian Port Hospital and Dalian Second People’s Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Totally 148 stroke inpatients were selected from Department of Neurology, Dalian Port Hospital and Dalian Second People’s Hospital from April 2004 to December 2005, including 100 males and 48 females, aging 45-75 years with an average age of (67±8) years; Their educational years ranged 2-10 years with an average of (6.1±3.7) years; The disease course ranged 15-30 days; All were right-handed. Inclusive criteria: All were accorded with the diagnostic standard set by the Fourth National Academic Meeting for Cerebrovascular Disease; Confirmed by CT or MRI; Informed consents were obtained from all the subjects. METHODS: After the disease conditions were stable, the patients were assessed with Wechsler memory scale (WMS) and Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST). WMS included forward and backward recitation of numbers and short-term memory (verbal memory, visual recognition). The number of times for correct and wrong classifications in WCST and the time to complete the trail making tests A and B were recorded. The focal volume, area and layer were recorded at 24 hours after admission. The general data of the patients were recorded, including name, sex, age, educational years, history of hypertension, history of diabetes mellitus. Electroencepalograph (EEG) was examined to record the wave shape, blood lipids were detected, and the cognition related indexes were analyzed with the Pearson correlation analysis. The correlation between cognitive indexes after stroke and the influencing factors were analyzed with multiple linear regression analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Correlation between cognitive indexes and imaging indexes; ② Influencing factors for cognitive indexes after stroke. RESULTS: All the 148 stroke patients were involved in the analysis of results. ① Correlation between cognitive indexes and CT indexes: There were obvious negative correlations between numerical symbol and focal layer (r =-0.234, P < 0.05), as well as between verbal memory and the focal area and volume (r =-0.363, -0.279, P < 0.05); Trail making test A had obvious positive correlation with focal area and volume (r =0.256, 0.256, P < 0.05). Results of multiple linear regression analysis: Correct classification was correlated with triglyceride (partial wave and θ wave (partial regression coefficient=0.231-0.908, P < 0.05); Verbal memory was correlated with EEG α wave, focal volume, sex, educational years and diabetes mellitus (partial regression coefficient=0.219-1.017, P < 0.05-0.01). Visual recognition had correlation with educational years and hypertension (partial regression coefficient=0.326, -1.163, P < 0.01). Trail making tests A and B were correlated with focal volume (partial regression coefficient=4.680, -18.561, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The factors that affect the cognitive function after stroke include sex, age, educational years, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, triglyceride, EEG wave shape, and the focal area, volume and layer.

Study on the Lactation Volume and Related Factors of Mother’s Milk in Puerperal Women Separated from Infant

Objective: To investigate the lactation volume and milk secretion of mother’s milk in puerperal women separated from mother and infant, and to study the related influencing factors. Methods: Selected February 2015-February 2020 in Foshan women and children’s hospital 420 cases of maternal as the research object, using lactation related factors comprehensive questionnaire of maternal and infant separation of puerperal women for continuous determination of amount of lactation, and 1 - 7 days and 8 to 14 days postpartum lactation quantity and Pearson correlation analysis, using multiple linear regression analysis to affect maternal separation of puerperal women in lactation of breast volume related factors were analyzed. Results: The lactation volume of the puerperal women was on the rise within 14 days after delivery. 14 days mammary volume ware 545.13 - 243.18 ml, postpartum lactation II period start time was (67.48 + 26.57) h. The correlation coefficient between lactation volume on day 4 and lactation volume on day 14 was 0.04 (P < 0.05). Pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome, lactation II period start time, birth gestational age, maternal age is affecting maternal separation of the main factors of puerperal women lactation milk. Conclusion: Early maternal separation of puerperal women breast milk lactation quantity is little, lactation II later period start time, delay rate is high: in clinical nursing work, should pay attention to produce age is bigger, smaller gestational age and birth with pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome, maternal lactation stage II startup delay, should be timely intervention of maternal and infant separation maternal management effectively, promote successful lactation and increase the amount of lactation, for clinical guidance and provides some references for the separation of puerperal women breastfeeding.

Prevalence of Metabolic Obese Normal Weight and Related Risk Factors in South China

[Objectives]Metabolic obese normal weight(MONW)is becoming one of the pubic problems which are threatening human health.Whereas,MONW was facing a great challenge for limited attention,especially for the female in China.The aim of this research was to estimate the prevalence of MONW and its related risk components in South China.[Methods]A community-based cross-sectional study was performed on 3349 residents aged 18-93 years in The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University,Guangzhou,China,in 2019.Data was collected by physical examination data which included physical measurements and laboratory examinations.[Results]In all subjects,55%were females(M/F=1509/1840).The prevalence of MONW was 16.09%(0.04%for male,16.05%for female,P<0.001).The prevalence increased significantly with increasing age in both genders(P<0.001).The binary logistic regression analysis shows that among the risk factors with MONW,age,BMI,gender,systolic pressure,hypertension[Male:ORs=2.56,95%CI(1.23,5.32);Female:ORs=2.88,95%CI(1.76,4.71)]and hypertriglyceridemia[Male:ORs=3.23,95%CI(1.67,6.19);Female:ORs=2.57,95%CI(1.64,4.03)]were found to be statistically significant.The level of ALT in MONW group was(27.88±15.85)in male and(24.33±15.75)in female,which were significantly higher than those in the non-MetS group.[Conclusions]The prevalence of MONW was pretty high.We considered MONW be significantly associated with the increase of ALT.Female gender,advanced age,and elevated ALT were independent risk factors for MONW.It was high time that the government should raise the public attention toward metabolic function in normal weight population.Effective prevention and treatment strategies for MONW and its risk factors should be developed targeting different ages and genders.

Analysis of factors related to postpartum depression in pregnancyinduced hypertension syndrome patients and construction and evaluation of nomograms

BACKGROUND It is positive to integrate and evaluate the risk factors for postpartum depression in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome and to detect highrisk patients as early as possible,which has application value for the clinical development of personalized prevention programs and prognosis of patients.AIM To analyze factors related to postpartum depression in patients with pregnancyinduced hypertension and construct and evaluate a nomogram model.METHODS The clinical data of 276 patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension admitted to Huzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital between January 2017 and April 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.We evaluated the depression incidence at 6 wk postpartum.The depression group included patients with postpartum depression,and the remainder were in the non-depression group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis and the LASSO regression model were applied to analyze the factors related to postpartum depression in patients with pregnancyinduced hypertension.After that,a risk prediction model nomogram was constructed and evaluated.RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that vitamin A deficiency(VAD)during pregnancy and puerperium,family history of hypertension,maternal intestinal flora imbalance,eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA),and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)were independent risk factors for postpartum depression in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension(P<0.05).We constructed the nomogram model based on these five risk factors.The area under the curve,specificity,and sensitivity of the model in predicting postpartum depression in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension was 0.867(95%confidence interval:0.828–0.935),0.676,and 0.889,respectively.The average absolute error was 0.037(Hosmer-Lemeshow testχ2=10.739,P=0.217).CONCLUSION VAD during pregnancy and puerperium,family history of hypertension,maternal intestinal flora imbalance,EPA,and DHA affect postpartum depression in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension.

Study on Related Factors of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients under Intensive Care

Objectives:To study the related factors of acute kidney injury(AKI)in intensive care unit(ICU)patients.Methods:The clinical data of 879 patients in the intensive care unit were retrospectively analyzed.AKI patients were selected according to the AKI clinical diagnostic criteria,the causal analysis was performed,the indicators of AKI patients were tested,and the urine volume and the time of admission to the ICU were recorded.Finally,logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors that affect the prognosis.Results:Among the 879 patients in the intensive care unit,96 patients(10.9%)met the KDIGO-AKI diagnostic criteria,of which 29(30.31%)died and 49(51.04%)required renal replacement therapy.As the age and stage of AKI patients increase,the mortality rate also increases.The pathology constituted 46 septic patients(47.92%)and 50 non-septic patients(52.08%).Patients with septic AKI have longer ICU and hospital stay than patients with non-septic AKI(t=2.291,0.023;t=2.082,0.041),and the rate of renal replacement therapy is higher(χ2=4.091,P=0.042).Logistic regression analysis shows that old age,low urine volume,shock,acidosis,stage 3 of AKI,intake of blood pressure drugs,infections,and the need for renal replacement therapy are relevant factors that affect AKI.Conclusions:In the intensive care unit,the incidence and mortality of AKI are very high;the treatment of AKI is related to many factors;early detection and treatment is very crucial to reduce the mortality of AKI.

Study on Related Factors of Aspirin Resistance in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Objective:To study the related factors of aspirin resistance(AR)in acute ischemic stroke.Methods:A total of 138 patients with acute ischemic stroke treated in hospital affiliated to Xuzhou medical university from August 2016 to August 2018 were the study subjects,examine his medical data from the past.They were divided into the AR group(40 cases)and the non-AR group(98 cases)according to whether AR appears.Gender,disease history,biochemical indicators and etc.were compared between the two groups.The independent risk factors of AR were investigated using univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis.Results:40 cases of AR occurred in 138 patients,with an incidence rate of 28.99%.Diabetes,platelet count(PLT),microRNA-19a(m iR-19a)expression,smoking,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),fibrinogen(FIB)and age difference between the AR group and non-AR group was statistically significant(P<0.05).Gender,hypertension,uric acid(UA),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),triglycerides(TG),homocysteine(Hcy),total cholesterol(TC),and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)between the two groups were not significantly different(P>0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for AR in acute ischemic stroke were diabetes(OR=2.773,95%CI:1.102~5.065,P=0.025),miR-19a(OR=3.021,95%CI:1.322~6.545,P=0.021),hs-CRP(OR=2.719,95%CI:1.301~5.022,P=0.028)and smoking(OR=1.983,95%CI:1.114~3.887,P=0.040).Conclusion:The incidence of AR is higher in acute ischemic stroke.Risk factors include diabetes,miR-19a expression,hs-CRP,smoking,etc.Clinical intervention measures can be taken to reduce the risk of AR and improve acute ischemic stroke prognosis.

ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND DEATH RELATED FACTORS OF SEVERE MECONIUM ASPIRATION SYNDROME

Objective To investigate the factors in relation with the case fatality in severe meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). Methods Eighty-one severe MAS cases intervened by the mechanical ventilation from 9 childrens hospitals were retrospectively analyzed for the risk factors of fatality with SAS software for non-parametric rank sum test and chi-square test. Results In the 81 cases, 49 were survived (death rate 39%). The gestational age (GA), Apgars score at 1min and other complications with MAS were significantly related to the death (P <0.05). There was no difference of death rate between the patients with or without receiving endotracheal intubation and airway suctioning (P>0.05). Conclusion A higher death rate (close to 40%) of severe MAS in the middle of 1990s in major cities of China suggests that it is important to detect the intrauterine hypoxemia as it may indicated by meconium staining amniotic fluid which should be intervened early by adequate termination of pregnancy before 42 weeks. The effects of delivery room suction and conventional ventilation also need to be reevaluated.

Factors Associated with Exclusive Breastfeeding among Mothers of Children Aged 0 to 12 Months and Father’s Perceptions of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice in the Central Region of Burkina Faso: Case of the Boulmiougou Health District

Introduction: Neonatal mortality remains a major concern in West Africa, and exclusive breastfeeding is recognized as a crucial intervention to promote newborn survival. This study aims to identify the factors influencing the practice of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers, as well as the perceptions of fathers, in the Boulmiougou health district. Method: This cross-sectional mixed study was conducted between May and July 2022, involving 471 mothers and 103 fathers of children under one year of age. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data. Results: The practice of exclusive breastfeeding was observed in 44.6% of mothers surveyed. Logistic regression analysis revealed that mothers older than 26 years have a significantly higher chance of exclusive breastfeeding [adjusted OR = 1.7;95% CI: (1.098 - 2.685);p = 0.019] compared to mothers under 26 years of age. Similarly, mothers with at least three antenatal visits were 2.715 times more likely to perform exclusive breastfeeding than those with less than three antenatal visits [adjusted OR = 2.715, 95% CI: (1.184 - 6.225);p = 0.018]. The vast majority of fathers (76.7%) were informed about exclusive breastfeeding, and 59.5% had a correct definition. The analysis of the father’s perception highlighted a stronger focus on traditional practices in 90.3% of cases than on medical recommendations. Conclusion: In light of these results, it is essential to increase sessions to raise awareness and involve men throughout pregnancy, childbirth and early childhood monitoring about the many benefits of exclusive breastfeeding.

Hypidone hydrochloride(YL-0919)ameliorates functional deficits after traumatic brain injury in mice by activating the sigma-1 receptor for antioxidation

Traumatic brain injury involves complex pathophysiological mechanisms,among which oxidative stress significantly contributes to the occurrence of secondary injury.In this study,we evaluated hypidone hydrochloride(YL-0919),a self-developed antidepressant with selective sigma-1 receptor agonist properties,and its associated mechanisms and targets in traumatic brain injury.Behavioral experiments to assess functional deficits were followed by assessment of neuronal damage through histological analyses and examination of blood-brain barrier permeability and brain edema.Next,we investigated the antioxidative effects of YL-0919 by assessing the levels of traditional markers of oxidative stress in vivo in mice and in vitro in HT22 cells.Finally,the targeted action of YL-0919 was verified by employing a sigma-1 receptor antagonist(BD-1047).Our findings demonstrated that YL-0919 markedly improved deficits in motor function and spatial cognition on day 3 post traumatic brain injury,while also decreasing neuronal mortality and reversing blood-brain barrier disruption and brain edema.Furthermore,YL-0919 effectively combated oxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro.The protective effects of YL-0919 were partially inhibited by BD-1047.These results indicated that YL-0919 relieved impairments in motor and spatial cognition by restraining oxidative stress,a neuroprotective effect that was partially reversed by the sigma-1 receptor antagonist BD-1047.YL-0919 may have potential as a new treatment for traumatic brain injury.

Recurrent acute pancreatitis and its relative factors

AIM: To evaluate the causes and the relative factors of recurrent acute pancreatitis.METHODS: From 1997 to 2000, acute pancreatitis relapsed in 77 of 245 acute pancreatitis patients. By reviewing the clinical treatment results and the follow-up data, we analyzed the recurrent factors of acute pancreatitis using univariate analysis and multivariate analysis.RESULTS: Of the 245 acute pancreatitis patients, 77 were patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis. Of them, 56 patients relapsed two times, 19 relapsed three times, each patient relapsed three and four times. Forty-seven patients relapsed in hospital and the other 30 patients relapsed after discharge. Eighteen patients relapsed in 1 year, eight relapsed in 1-3 years, and four relapsed after 3 years. There were 48 cases of biliary pancreatitis, 3 of alcohol pancreatitis, 5 of hyperlipidemia pancreatitis, 21 of idiopathic pancreatitis. Univariate analysis showed that the patients with local complications of pancreas, obstructive jaundice and hepatic function injury were easy to recur during the treatment period of acute pancreatitis (P = 0.022＜0.05, P = 0.012＜0.05 and P = 0.002＜0.05, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that there was no single factor related to recurrence. Of the 47 patients who had recurrence in hospital, 16 had recurrence in a fast period, 31 after refeeding. CONCLUSION: Acute pancreatitis is easy to recur even during treatment. The factors such as changes of pancreas structure and uncontrolled systemic inflammatory reaction are responsible for the recurrence of acute pancreatitis. Early refeeding increases the recurrence of acute pancreatitis. Defining the etiology is essential for reducing the recurrence of acute pancreatitis.