Study on the Urbanization-based Restructuring of Urban Spaces in Meizhou City of China

By introducing the urbanization history of Meizhou City,major problems of its spatial structure were summarized as small scale of urban areas and incomplete hierarchical structure;poor cohesive force of central city,imbalanced regional spatial ratio;disorderly development of urban spaces;and fierce competition for space.Then spatial restructuring of Meizhou City was discussed from the following 3 perspectives:optimizing hierarchical structure of space,planning in advance to construct a central city with more than 1 million residents;establishing the traffic hub of Guangdong,Fujian and Jiangxi;improving spatial structure of industries.It was to enhance sustainable social and economic development of the local area,break the dualistic structure and realize the overall development of urban and rural areas,and also narrow the urban-rural gap.

Hollow Villages and Rural Restructuring in Major Rural Regions of China: A Case Study of Yucheng City, Shandong Province

The agricultural land resources of China are relatively limited because of its large population.Therefore,balancing the land use for industrialization,urbanization,and food security is a big challenge.In recent years,rural hollowing in China has resulted in numerous of abandoned rural houses,and the areas with abandoned houses need to be restored into agricultural land with effective land consolidation techniques.This study used the method of benefit-cost analysis and the data collected through field surveys conducted in Yucheng City in the northwest of Shandong Province in March 2009,to examine how hollow villages (HVs) to be created and how to solve the problem.The qualitative and quantitative analyses indicate following results.1) The situation of HVs is becoming increasingly severe under rapid industrialization and urbanization in Yucheng City.2) Poor infrastructure in rural areas and incomplete urbanization are the main factors that have led to the rural hollowing in many major rural regions of China.3) In order to resolve the problem caused by HVs and increase agricultural land,reconstructing rural communities in the countryside is necessary.4) A new mechanism in the provision of compensation funds by developed regions to the villages in less-developed regions must be established.

The causes and environmental effects of land use conversion during agricultural restructuring in Northeast China

During the last decade of the 20th century, extensive conversion inagricultural land use took place in Northeast China. The goal of this study is to ascertain itsspatial distribution and regional differentiation, determine its causes, and analyze itsenvironmental impact. Especially we attempt to elucidate how institutional constraints havefacilitated the change at a time of agrarian restructuring when newly emerging free market washybridized with the former planned economy. Information on six categories of land use was mappedfrom interpretation of Landsat TM images recorded in 1990, 1995 and 2000. Most of land use changestook place during the first half of the decade, coinciding with abrupt and chaotic changes ingovernment directives. Farmland was changed mainly to woodland, water body and built-up areas whilewoodland and grassland were converted chiefly to farmland. Spatially, the change from farmland towoodland was restricted to the west of the study area. The change from grassland to farmland tookplace in the grazing and farming interlocked west. These chaotic and occasionally conflictingchanges were largely caused by lack of stability and consistency in agricultural land use policiespromulgated. They have exerted adverse impacts on the local environment, including land degradation,increased flooding, and modified climate regime.

Diagenesis and Restructuring Mechanism of Oil and Gas Reservoir in the Marine Carbonate Formation,Northeastern Sichuan:A Case Study of the Puguang Gas Reservoir

Based on the technology of balanced cross-section and physical simulation experiments associated with natural gas geochemical characteristic analyses, core and thin section observations, it has been proven that the Puguang gas reservoir has experienced two periods of diagenesis and restructuring since the Late Indo-Chinese epoch. One is the fluid transfer controlled by the tectonic movement and the other is geochemical reconstruction controlled by thermochemical sulfate reduction （TSR）. The middle Yanshan epoch was the main period that the Puguang gas reservoir experienced the geochemical reaction of TSR. TSR can recreate the fluid in the gas reservoir, which makes the gas drying index higher and carbon isotope heavier because C2＋ （ethane and heavy hydrocarbon） and 12C （carbon 12 isotope） is first consumed relative to CH4 and 13C （carbon 13 isotope）. However, the reciprocity between fluid regarding TSR （hydrocarbon, sulfureted hydrogen （H2S）, and water） and reservoir rock results in reservoir rock erosion and anhydrite alteration, which increases porosity in reservoir, thereby improving the petrophysical properties. Superimposed by later tectonic movement, the fluid in Puguang reservoir has twice experienced adjustment, one in the late Yanshan epoch to the early Himalayan epoch and the other time in late Himalayan epoch, after which Puguang gas reservoir is finally developed.

New Perspectives on Restructuring of Old Industrial Areas in China: A Critical Review and Research Agenda

The restructuring of old industrial areas has been receiving much attention in regional development studies both in industrialized and emerging economies. Although ample Chinese-speaking studies have been published on the topic, most of them suffer from paying too little attention to dynamic multi-scalar interactions between firms, institutions, policies and places, as well as a too strong focus on individual cases. They also mostly disregard internationally recognized concepts and theories in the field. Based on these internationally recognized modern concepts, this paper therefore puts forward some potential avenues for future research on the evolution of old industrial areas in China, which should overcome existing deficits in the Chinese-speaking literature. It suggests that some evolutionary economic geography concepts such as path dependence, lock-in, path creation, relatedness, as well as multi-scalar institutional and leadership approaches have useful potentials to better understand the evolutionary processes and mechanisms of old industrial areas in China.

Decentralization,spatial disequilibrium,and restructuring of coastal tourist destination-Empirical research from Sanya,China

The objective of this article is to speculate on resort restructuring in the market-oriented reform process in China.Previous studies show that spatial disequilibrium was aggravated by decentralization,which leads to the difference in tourism policy and investment,public goods,and service;a profound analytical framework is much needed for further empirical studies.This article has reviewed the relevant studies on links between decentralization and restructuring,spatial influences of decentralization on tourism,based on which we put forward the theoretical framework of resort spatial restructuring from the view of political economy analysis,then we elaborate on and discuss it based on the example of Sanya,China.In short,the article suggests that decentralization of fiscal responsibilities and institutional power contributes to the spatial disequilibrium of tourism industrial structure,land use,public infrastructure and service facilities,and to community inequality.Interests of government,investors,and community should be comprehensively coordinated in the resort spatial restructuring process from three aspects:restructuring government,optimizing space structure,and tourism industry.Furthermore,we argue that resort restructuring in the context of Sanya requires coordination of various interest groups through four ways:restructure the government power under administrative division adjustment,optimizing spatial structure,expanding industrial space to diversified tourism products,and building resort management services organization.Finally,we discussed some policy requirements for resort sustainable development.

Restructuring of well-defined Pt-based electrode surfaces under mild electrochemical conditions

Since the 1980s,single-crystal Pt electrodes with well-defined surface structures have been deemed stable under mild electrochemical conditions(e.g.,in the potential region of electric double layers,underpotential deposition of hydrogen,or mild hydrogen evolution/OH adsorption)and have served as model electrodes for unraveling the structure-performance relation in electrocatalysis.With the advancement of in situ electrochemical microscopy/spectroscopy techniques,subtle surface restructuring under mild electrochemical conditions has been achieved in the last decade.Surface restructuring can considerably modify electrocatalytic properties by generating/destroying highly active sites,thereby interfering with the deduction of the structure-performance relation.In this review,we summarize recent progress in the restructuring of well-defined Pt(-based)electrode surfaces under mild electrochemical conditions.The importance of the meticulous structural characterization of Pt electrodes before,during,and after electrochemical measurements is demonstrated using CO adsorption/oxidation,hydrogen adsorption/evolution,and oxygen reduction as examples.The implications of present findings for correctly identifying the reaction mechanisms and kinetics of other electrocatalytic systems are also briefly discussed.

New Restructuring Model for Chinese M&S SOEs:A Case of Executive Holding Major Capital Stock

The reform for Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs)during the past twenty years selected several ways which couldn't solve essential problems and improve the performance of the SOEs in China. The reason is that traditional ownership instituton wasn't changed at all,the institution reach an impasse in market system which resulted in the fact that SOEs couldn't get used to keen competition. This paper analyses an ownership restructuring case in which an executive holds major capital stock in a state textile institute restructured and therefore the state ownership was withdrawn from it completely, it expounds the rationality of the model selected and points out that the model is currently a very effective way by which M & S SOEs would withdraw from competitive business field successfully.

Addressing the Negative Self-Concept in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder by a Three-Session Programme of Cognitive Restructuring and Imagery Modification (CRIM-PTSD): A Case Study

Background: Cognitive restructuring and imagery modification for posttraumatic stress disorder (CRIM-PTSD) is a new intervention that involves only three sessions and focuses on the self-concept. It combines cognitive restructuring of core trauma-related dysfunctional beliefs and mental imagery. The effectiveness of CRIM-PTSD has recently been demonstrated in a pilot study. Method: This article presents a step-by-step description of the administration of CRIM-PTSD in a female survivor of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) suffering from PTSD and major depressive disorder related to strong self-blame. Results: The intervention showed substantial reductions in PTSD symptoms and depression in the patient comparable to those observed in the pilot study. Conclusions: CRIM-PTSD might provide an economical tool for reducing PTSD symptoms when only a short time is available for intervention. Furthermore, this tool could be included in well-established PTSD treatments. In addition to the pilot study, a randomized controlled trial is needed to further explore the feasibility and effectiveness of this short intervention.

Sustainable Urban Restructuring of Khartoum： A Revolutionary Measure for Rapid Growth Absorption and Urban Changes

Rapidly developing cities are under continuous physical and social changes which make sustainable urban growth concept a matured line of thinking. They are therefore, in need of restructuring to contain these changes. Likewise, Khartoum is growing rapidly and is subjected to continual transformation. It started in Independence Day （1/1/1956） by 〈3% of Sudan population and reached 16.8% in 2010 while its physical block grew beyond imagination. The objective of this paper is to throw light on Khartoum rapid growth change effects which necessitated implementation of a revolutionary restructuring programme. At first, huge rural influxes were absorbed and later physical distortions were corrected. This included squatter settlements＇ treatment to strengthen urban fabric, reallocation of incompatible urban functions, revitalization of the CBD （central business district） and other urban renewal schemes. Transportation lines were extended to ease people mobility and higher population concentrations were diluted, particularly the filthy slums. Old neighbourhoods, traditional villages, etc. were re-planned and popular physical development was encouraged. The restructuring programme appropriated population distribution, administrative districts, new local markets＇ locations and urban activities＇ distribution. The programme attained social benefits, particularly availing shelter and essential social services. Difficulties from relocation processes were encountered but settlements＇ regularization achieved social justice and sustained urban growth.

Differentiation and restructuring-new space for development of urban center area:a case study of Shizhong District of Ji'nan City

Taking the development tendency of current world industrial development as the background, this paper restructures the internal space of urban center area by illustrating reasons for internal space differentiation of urban center area, that is to say, according to the tertiary industry interior's high-end of value chain after convergence among the primary, the secondary and the tertiary industries, the space structure of urban center area will form the space development mode with characteristic modern service industry cluster districts through vertical segmentation, horizontal derivatization and block aggregation and realize perfect space renewal of urban center area in the end.

The Relationship between Financial Development and Industrial Restructuring --Based on Panel Data of 17 Areas of Shandong

Based on the Panel Data of Shan dong Province of 17 regions, by estimating varying coefficient models, studies the relationship between financial development and industrial structure.The results show that, on the whole, the financial development indicators-the scale and the efficiency can effectively promote industrial restructuring in all regions of Shandong province, but its role has obvious differences in different regions, so it can provide a basis for economic decision-making and financial policy advice.

Study on Correlative Issues about State-owned Enterprises Restructuring in Resource-based Cities in China

The ＂sediment＂ formed in the process of long-term development of the resource-based cities not only restricts the economic structure trans/brmation, but also increases the difficulties for restructuring the state-owned enterprises. Furthermore, it makes current ways of reforming staffs＇ identity replacement and managers＇ shareholding mode inefficient in state-owned enterprises reformation in resource-based cities. According to the characteristics of resource-based cities and property right reform theory, cash and share right compensation for the different staffs in the process of staffs＇ identity replacement have been identified. In addition, different profitable investment policies have also been suggested. For managers＇ share holding, the stimulant share ownership should be adopted principally, at the same time corresponding restrictions should be set up for managers＇ investment share ownership due to share ownership structure.

Research on Problems and Countermeasures of Debt Restructuring

In an increasingly fierce market competition, listed companies may be unable to repay their debts on time due to intemal or external reasons and fall into financial difficulties. In this case, the company tends to choose the way of debt restructuring and adjust existing debt. This article selects listed companies from 2011 to 2015 in Shanghai and Shenzhen as research objects, analyzes the current status of debt restructuring, including the number of debt restructuring companies, the choice of debt restructuring methods, and debt restructuring of related parties. At the same time, it analyzes the motives of listed companies for debt restructuring and the problems existing in debt restructuring, and then proposes relevant improvement measures.

An Exploration of the Existing Problems of Enterprise Asset Restructuring Accounting, the Causes, and Their Countermeasures

With the rapid development of social economy,the sense of urgency among enterprises is increasing.The primary reason for this is the fierce competition among enterprises.As an important strategy for establishing a modern enterprise system,asset restructuring plays a pivotal role in improving the economic efficiency of enterprises,optimizing the allocation of social resources,and promoting both,social and economic development.Therefore,based on the existing problems of enterprise asset restructuring accounting,this paper discusses the causes of the accounting deficiencies in enterprise asset restructuring from various perspectives,including asset restructuring concept,financial authority and responsibility authority,as well as commercial credit,and subsequently proposes corresponding optimization strategies,which include strengthening asset valuation,enhancing information disclosure of connected transactions,improving relevant accounting standards,as well as strengthening information audit and improving related systems.

Slowly But Surely Despite a slump in growth,China’s economic restructuring is progressing as planned

China had entered a period of moderate economic growtht one that is moving at an appropriate pace. China＇s economy is bottoming out and seeking a new balance,

Financial Strategy during Power System Restructuring

Aiming at the problems of power structure irrationality, lagging of power network behind power source development and high proportion of overdone and small sized units existing currently in power system in China, financial and running strategies are set forth corresponding to power system restructuring.

A Low Resolution Image Restoration Method based on BP Neural Network

In order to investigate the restoration of low resolution images, the linear and nonlinear interpolation methods were applied for the interpolation of the com- mon information matrix obtained from a series of pictures, getting the restructuring matrix. The characteristic block with the best restoration effect was determined by analyzing the pixel difference of the common information of each image at the same position. Then the characteristic blocks and their original blocks were used to build and train neural network. Finally, images were restored by the neural network and the differences between pictures were reduced. Experimental results showed that this method could significantly improve the efficiency and precision of algorithm.

Excess Commuting in Transitional Urban China:A Case Study of Guangzhou

During the reform era, Chinese cities witnessed dramatic institutional transformation and spatial restructuring in general and profound change of commuting patterns in particular. Using household surveys collected in Guangzhou, China, in 2001, 2005 and 2010, excess commuting measurements are estimated. Excess commuting shows an overall trend of increasing during 1990–1999, and then declining during 2000–2010. We argue that deepening marketization of the jobs and housing sectors has induced spatial separation of jobs and housing. In other words, institutional transition and urban spatial restructuring are underpinning the changes of commuting patterns in Chinese cities. Excess commuting has strong relationship with individual socio-demographic status, which is by and large due to the increasing flexibilities of jobs and housing location choices enjoyed by urban residents. The findings call for considerations on balancing jobs-housing in making public policies relevant to urban development in general, and land use and transportation in particular.

Electrochemical Surface Restructuring of Phosphorus-Doped Carbon@MoP Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution

The hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) through electrocatalysis is promising for the production of clean hydrogen fuel. However,designing the structure of catalysts,controlling their electronic properties,and manipulating their catalytic sites are a significant challenge in this field. Here,we propose an electrochemical surface restructuring strategy to design synergistically interactive phosphorus-doped carbon@MoP electrocatalysts for the HER. A simple electrochemical cycling method is developed to tune the thickness of the carbon layers that cover on MoP core,which significantly influences HER performance. Experimental investigations and theoretical calculations indicate that the inactive surface carbon layers can be removed through electrochemical cycling,leading to a close bond between the MoP and a few layers of coated graphene. The electronsdonated by the MoP core enhance the adhesion and electronegativity of the carbon layers;the negatively charged carbon layers act as an active surface. The electrochemically induced optimization of the surface/interface electronic structures in the electrocatalysts significantly promotes the HER. Using this strategy endows the catalyst with excellent activity in terms of the HER in both acidic and alkaline environments(current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) at low overpotentials,of 68 mV in 0.5 M H_(2)SO_(4) and 67 mV in 1.0 M KOH).