Efficacy of low-energy selective laser trabeculoplasty on the treatment of primary open angle glaucoma

AIM: To investigate the efficacy of low-energy selective laser trabeculoplasty(SLT) on the treatment of primary open angle glaucoma(POAG) patients.METHODS: Outpatients with POAG who underwent 360-degree SLT using an initial energy of 0.3 mJ(total energy of 30-40 mJ) were reviewed retrospectively from September 2011 to January 2018.RESULTS: Eight-six eyes of 44 POAG patients underwent 360-degree SLT using initial energy of 0.3 mJ and were followed up regularly. The total energy used was 32.5±2.5 mJ(23-40 mJ, 105±6 spots). The average pretreatment intraocular pressure(IOP) was 19.8±3.9 mm Hg. At 1, 3, 6 mo, 1, and 2 y, the post-SLT IOPs(mm Hg) were 16.9±3.3, 16.5±3.3, 17.1±3.4, 16.6±3.5, 16.5±2.8, which were significantly lower than that before treatment(P<0.001). The patients in the SLT success group were found to be younger than those in the SLT failure group. After SLT, 59 eyes that maintained pretreatment medications were defined as the drug retention group. The pre-SLT IOP was 20.1±3.7 mm Hg.At 1, 3, 6 mo, 1, and 2 y, the post-SLT IOPs(mm Hg) were 17.3±3.6, 16.6±3.5, 17.2±3.6, 16.9±3.8 and 16.5±2.9, respectively. Twenty-seven eyes that required reduced drugs were defined as the drug reduction group. The pre-SLT IOP was 19.2±4.4 mm Hg. At 1, 3, 6 mo, 1, and 2 y, the post-SLT IOPs(mm Hg) were 16.1±2.6, 16.5±3.1, 16.8±2.9, 16.0±2.6 and 16.3±2.4, respectively. Compared with the pretreatment IOPs, the post-SLT IOPs were significantly lower in drug retention group and drug reduction group. The patients in the drug reduction group were found to be younger than those in the drug retention group.CONCLUSION: Low-energy SLT is safe and effective for POAG patients during a 2-year follow-up. Younger POAG patients may obtain better results after low-energy SLT treatment.

Variation of microfibril angle and its correlation to wood properties in poplars

The microfibril angle of seven poplar clones was determined by using X-ray diffraction technique. Microfibril angle, wood basic density, fiber length, fiber width and cellulose content were assessed for every growth ring at breast height for all sample trees. Significant variation in microfibril angle was observed among growth rings. Mean microfibril angle (MFA) at breast height varied from 7.8?to 28?between growth rings with cambial age and showed a consistent pith-to-bark trend of decline an-gles. Analysis of variance also indicated that there were significant differences in wood basic density, fiber length, fiber width and cellulose content between the growth rings, which had an increasing tendency from pith to bark. Correlations between MFA and examined wood properties were predominantly large and significant negative (?0.01), and the coefficients were -0.660 for cellulose content, -0.586 for fiber length, -0.516 for fiber width and -0.450 for wood basic density, respectively. Regression analysis with linear and curve estimation indicated that a quadratic function showed the largest R2 and the least standard error for describing the relationships between microfibril angle and measured wood properties, and the correlation coefficients were over -0.45 (n=125). The results from this study suggested that microfibril angle would be a good characteristic for improvement in the future breeding program of poplars.

Comparison of success rate and intraocular pressure spikes between selective laser trabeculoplasty and micropulse laser trabeculoplasty in African American and Hispanic patients

AIM:To examine the efficacy and safety of micropulse laser trabeculoplasty(MLT)versus selective laser trabeculoplasty(SLT)in a large cohort of primarily African American and Hispanic patients.METHODS:A single center retrospective comparative cohort review conducted at Cook County Health facilities that included patients with a diagnosis of open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension who received an SLT or MLT procedure between January 2017 and May 2021.RESULTS:Totally 131 eyes of 99 patients were analyzed.The 77 eyes received SLT and 54 received MLT.Seven out of 77 eyes in the SLT group(9.1%)and 1 out of 54 eyes in the MLT group(1.9%)had an IOP spike(defined as>5 mm Hg)at either 1h or 1wk after procedure(P=0.05,Chisquared test with Haldane-Anscombe correction).The procedure failure rate at one year was 50%for SLT and 48%for MLT(P=0.31).CONCLUSION:MLT has a significantly lower incidence of pressure spikes and a similar treatment failure rate at 1-year post-procedure,demonstrating that it is a reasonable alternative compared to SLT.

Modelling of Wideband Concentric Ring Frequency Selective Surface for 5G Devices

Frequency selective surfaces(FSSs)play an important role in wireless systems as these can be used as filters,in isolating the unwanted radiation,in microstrip patch antennas for improving the performance of these antennas and in other 5G applications.The analysis and design of the double concentric ring frequency selective surface(DCRFSS)is presented in this research.In the sub-6 GHz 5G FR1 spectrum,a computational synthesis technique for creating DCRFSS based spatial filters is proposed.The analytical tools presented in this study can be used to gain a better understanding of filtering processes and for constructing the spatial filters.Variation of the loop sizes,angles of incidence,and polarization of the concentric rings are the factors which influence the transmission coefficient as per the thorough investigation performed in this paper.A novel synthesis approach based on mathematical equations that may be used to determine the physical parameters ofDCRFSSbased spatial filters is presented.The proposed synthesis technique is validated by comparing results from high frequency structure simulator(HFSS),Ansys electronic desktop circuit editor,and an experimental setup.Furthermore,the findings acquired from a unit cell are expanded to a 2×2 array,which shows identical performance and therefore proves its stability.

Effect of Resonance on the Motion of Two Cylindrical Rigid Bodies

The effect of resonance on the motion of two cylindrical rigid bodies has been studied in the light of Bhatnagar [1] [2] [3] and under some defined axiomatic restrictions. Here we have calculated variation in Eulerian angles due to resonance in terms of orbital elements and unperturbed Eulerian angles.

矿井环境下基于MB-OFDM的UWB系统建模及性能分析

针对超宽带无线通信系统UWB在矿井环境下的多径传播所造成的频率选择性衰落,提出将具有抗多径时延等优势的多频带正交频分复用技术MB-OFDM应用到井下UWB系统中。为了弥补S-V模型在信道衰落环境下的不足,将传统的信道冲击响应转换为一个独立的角度脉冲响应,建立一个基于修正的信道模型。结合修正的信道模型,对基于MB-OFDM的矿井UWB系统进行建模,给出了频带的划分方式、信道的改造办法、无线系统的设计方案等。在矿井复杂环境下对系统模型进行性能分析仿真,结果表明,该系统能有效抵抗多径衰落,具有抗噪声能力强、误码率低、覆盖范围远等优点。

Fault Line Selection Method Considering Grounding Fault Angle for Distribution Network

In the distribution network system with its neutral point grounding via arc suppression coil, when single-phase grounding fault occurred near zero-crossing point of the phase voltage, the inaccuracy of the line selection always existed in existing methods. According to the characteristics that transient current was different between the fault feeder and other faultless feeders, wavelet transformation was performed on data of the transient current within a power frequency cycle after the fault occurred. Based on different fault angles, wavelet energy in corresponding frequency band was chosen to compare. The result was that wavelet energy in fault feeder was the largest of all, and it was larger than sum of those in other faultless feeders, when the bus broke down, the disparity between each wavelet energy was not significant. Fault line could be selected out by the criterion above. The results of MATLAB/simulink simulation experiment indicated that this method had anti-interference capacity and was feasible.

Variable Selection via Biased Estimators in the Linear Regression Model

Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) is used for variable selection as well as for handling the multicollinearity problem simultaneously in the linear regression model. LASSO produces estimates having high variance if the number of predictors is higher than the number of observations and if high multicollinearity exists among the predictor variables. To handle this problem, Elastic Net (ENet) estimator was introduced by combining LASSO and Ridge estimator (RE). The solutions of LASSO and ENet have been obtained using Least Angle Regression (LARS) and LARS-EN algorithms, respectively. In this article, we proposed an alternative algorithm to overcome the issues in LASSO that can be combined LASSO with other exiting biased estimators namely Almost Unbiased Ridge Estimator (AURE), Liu Estimator (LE), Almost Unbiased Liu Estimator (AULE), Principal Component Regression Estimator (PCRE), r-k class estimator and r-d class estimator. Further, we examine the performance of the proposed algorithm using a Monte-Carlo simulation study and real-world examples. The results showed that the LARS-rk and LARS-rd algorithms,?which are combined LASSO with r-k class estimator and r-d class estimator,?outperformed other algorithms under the moderated and severe multicollinearity.

基于测井修正的TTI伪弹性波逆时偏移优化方法

在各向异性介质中,地震波在不同传播方向上速度不同。利用各向同性波动方程不能准确描述地震波的传播,在成像时会导致深层同相轴位置不准确等问题。在TTI介质弹性波方程的基础上,一方面将横波速度设置为较小的数值并引入震源环消除伪横波假象,另一方面利用测井数据对偏移参数场进行约束与修正,以提高深层复杂构造的成像精度。逆时偏移方法在进行成像时,低频噪声会对成像产生影响。为此,以拉普拉斯滤波算子去噪为基础,通过提取角度域共成像点道集,采用分角度叠加成像压制由于参数不准确导致的强振幅低频噪声。实际数据在进行成像时计算量大,采用CPU与GPU协同运算对逆时偏移进行加速以提高计算效率。模型和实际资料处理结果表明,基于测井数据约束的TTI介质逆时偏移方法能够对深层复杂构造目标区域进行准确成像,证明了方法的可行性。

向量角选择和指标删除的高维多目标进化算法

针对进化算法求解高维多目标优化问题平衡收敛性和多样性所面临的挑战,提出了向量角选择和指标删除的高维多目标进化算法(MOEA/AS-ID)。该算法在环境选择过程中设计了一种包含两种策略的协作机制逐一删除收敛性和多样性差的解以保留精英个体参与下一代的进化。前者基于向量角的选择策略用于选择一对在目标空间具有相似搜索方向的解,后者基于指标的删除策略采用同时兼顾个体收敛性和分布性的I_(SDE)^(+)指标比较被选择的这一对解,然后删除具有较小指标值的解,进而促使种群朝各个方向收敛到帕累托最优前沿,最终平衡解集的收敛性和多样性。在包含各种特征的3组标准测试系列问题DTLZ、SDTLZ、MaF上,MOEA/AS-ID与近年提出的6个涵盖了当前各种类型的高维多目标进化算法执行了广泛的对比仿真实验和数值结果分析。仿真结果和数值分析表明所提算法MOEA/AS-ID求解各种特征的高维多目标优化问题平衡收敛性和多样性的能力具有较强的竞争力。

改进蛇算法的七电平逆变器SHEPWM研究

多电平逆变器控制策略中的特定谐波消除脉宽调制(SHEPWM)能够以较低的开关频率得到较好的电压输出波形,重点在于开关角的求取。在多电平逆变器SHEPWM调制的开关角求解算法上提出改进蛇优化算法,对传统蛇优化算法采用Tend混沌映射初始种群,使初始种群分布更加均匀;引入Levy飞行策略增强算法的全局搜素能力,能够更加精准快速得到全局开关角的最优解。仿真结果表明,改进蛇优化算法所求的开关角相较于传统算法更好地消除低次谐波,并降低了输出线电压的畸变率,充分验证了该方法的可行性。

基于数值模拟的选区激光熔化成形残余应力演化研究

目的以选区激光熔化成形(SLM)试件的残余应力为研究对象,研究残余应力对成形质量的影响,为SLM成形的产业化应用提供理论依据。方法以316L不锈钢粉末为原材料,利用AltairInspire软件的Print3D模块分析SLM成形中支撑、成形角对残余应力的影响及残余应力的演化规律,并进行实验验证。结果SLM成形最大残余应力出现在零件与基板结合面,添加支撑可减小残余应力。零件不同位置残余应力的演化规律不同。顶部残余应力呈先增大后减小的趋势,底部两侧残余应力呈缓慢上升的趋势;底部中间残余应力的演化规律较为复杂:起先残余应力随温度的降低而增大,当温度降到最低点时达最大值;随后在热累积作用下,残余应力先减小后增大,当达到去应力退火温度时,残余应力又减小并在一定范围内波动。残余应力随着成形角的增大呈先增大后减小再增大的趋势,当成形角为60°时,残余应力较小。结论在SLM成形时,在零件底部添加支撑可将最大残余应力位置转移到支撑上,从而减小成形件内部的残余应力,提高成形质量。成形零件不同位置残余应力的演化规律不同,成形角对残余应力的影响也不同,成形时应根据零件工况制定合适的打印策略。

基于功角稳定性的区域电网储能选址定容方法

为了缓解跨传输断面的调峰压力,同时提升电网的功角稳定性,建立了兼顾经济性与功角稳定性的储能选址定容双层优化模型,并给出了模型的求解方法。上层模型考虑区域电网的运行经济性,以储能电站收益最大为优化目标,确定储能配置总容量。下层模型考虑区域电网的功角稳定性,以储能调度期间总网损最小和储能调节区域电网功角稳定性能力最大为优化目标,进行储能选址与总容量的分配。双层模型的上层采用遗传算法进行求解,下层采用改进多目标人工蜂群算法进行求解。以某实际电网为算例进行仿真验证,结果表明,根据所提双层优化模型进行储能配置可以在保证经济性的同时,提升区域电网的功角稳定性。

不同构建角度和支撑密度对选区激光熔化钴铬合金卡环准确性的影响

目的评价不同构建角度和支撑密度对选区激光熔化钴铬(CoCr)合金卡环准确性的影响。方法3D软件构建一倒凹深度为0.50 mm的卡环样本数据(参考对象),将其导入金属3D打印机中,在不同构建角度(0°、45°和90°)和不同支撑密度(0.50、0.70、0.90和1.10 mm)条件下成型,得到CoCr合金卡环。采用模型扫描仪获取所有卡环的扫描数据(测试对象),在Geomagic软件中将测试对象与参考对象、测试对象与测试对象进行最佳拟合配准,获得卡环的准确性均方根误差(RMSE)值;采用单因素方差分析或非参数秩和检验对数据进行统计分析(α=0.05)。结果在正确度方面,支撑密度0.50 mm下,不同构建角度组按RMSE值排序为90°组>0°组>45°组;支撑密度0.70、0.90和1.10 mm下,不同构建角度组按RMSE值排序为45°组>90°组>0°组。在精密度方面,支撑密度0.50 mm下,不同构建角度组按RMSE值排序为90°组>0°组>45°组;支撑密度0.70 mm下,不同构建角度组按RMSE值排序为90°组>45°组>0°组;支撑密度0.90和1.10 mm下,不同构建角度组按RMSE值排序为45°组>90°组>0°组。结论不同构建角度和支撑密度对CoCr合金卡环准确性的影响不同。构建角度0°、支撑密度0.90 mm条件下卡环的准确性更高,值得临床和技工室推荐应用。

光源发散角对航天级小型光电编码器信号的影响

针对现有的光源发散角对信号影响不明确等问题,本文从光电编码器光电信号产生原理出发,理论分析了光源发散角对光通量的影响,仿真分析了不同发散角情况下的光场分布和光通量变化情况及其组成成分。构建了莫尔条纹光电信号并分析受发散角影响下的细分误差变化情况。实验结果表明:当将发散角为17°的光源更换为15°时,细分误差峰峰值可由0.74″降至0.56″,下降幅度达到24%。因此,光源发散角对于光电编码器输出信号的影响不可忽略,在选取光源时应该予以考虑。本文可用于预测其细分误差的大小和趋势,为航天级小型光电编码器初始光源的选取提供依据和参考。

大入射角双极化频率选择表面设计

频率选择表面(FSS)在多频接收系统中具有广泛的应用,并在不少情形下需要大角度入射和分极化接收。采用十字金属线和贴片设计了一款双极化工作的FSS,能够实现在45°角入射的情况下,透射(55±5)GHz、同时反射(33±5)GHz的信号;且透射的(55±5)GHz信号为垂直极化,反射的(33±5)GHz信号为平行极化,实现了双频带和双极化接收。利用印制电路板技术对该FSS进行样品加工,采用自由空间法进行测试。测试结果与仿真结果具有很好的吻合度。

基于MPSO算法的特定谐波消除技术研究

目的对于级联H桥逆变器的调制,特定谐波消除技术具有开关损耗小,能够消除特定次谐波,变换效率高等优点,但传统粒子群优化算法(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)在求解消谐方程组时收敛性差,容易局部最优,提出一种改进的粒子群优化算法(Modified Particle Swarm Optimization,MPSO)。方法该算法用非线性惯性权重取代线性变化的惯性权重,并在非线性惯性权重引入混沌映射以产生随机性更好的随机量,新的惯性权重可权衡粒子的全局搜索和局部搜索能力,使粒子具有后期跳出局部最优的能力;另外,该算法优化了速度和位置的更新机制,以增强算法的收敛速度,并保证粒子在后期仍具有一定种群多样性优势。结果根据级联H桥型逆变器的非线性消谐方程组,在保证输出电压基波的前提下最大化降低目标次谐波,建立适应度函数,将MPSO算法应用于级联H桥型逆变器的SHEPWM,能够在1~1.2的调制度范围内得到优化的开关角,提高收敛精度和求解成功率。通过七电平CHB逆变器仿真平台验证了MPSO算法所求的优化开关角能够有效地消除5次、7次谐波。结论通过使用非线性惯性权重和优化粒子的速度和位置更新机制,可以增加开关角求解成功率,所得解可以有效地消除目标次谐波。

沙漠地区750kV输电线路杆塔基础的优化选型

根据沙漠地质条件复杂性及750 kV输电线路基础受力特点,分析沙漠地区合理的基础型式。通过抗拔和抗倾覆稳定的基础计算方法,提出了上拔临界深度和上拔角的建议取值。同时,对风积沙地输电线路主要基础型式进行技术经济比较,为沙漠地区750 kV输电线路最优基础方案提供参考。

四种气化粗渣沥水技术对比分析

为选择气化炉粗渣最适宜的沥水方式,结合某装置4种捞渣机后续沥水的实际运行情况,在渣车底部设置水盒,并将车厢做密封处理,同时在车厢底部设置沥水滤板及导水软管、在捞渣机渣斗侧锥部设置沥水滤板及排水系统、设置二级大倾角捞渣机并设置带沥水滤板及排水系统的分仓沥水大仓和真空沥水,对4种粗渣沥水技术的含水量、环境污染、投资运行成本和稳定运行周期等方面进行对比,真空沥水式的含水量最低,运行维护方便操作,运行稳定,周期更长。

Frequency selective surface with better polarization independency for arbitrary incident angle

This paper investigates the frequency-selective property of a planar layer consisting of period arrays both theoretically and experimentally for different polarizations at arbitrary incident angle. The novel element is designed by loading the rectangular microstrip element with L-shaped conducting patch at its two ends. Based on the spectral-domain method, the frequency response including angle effect and polarization effect of the frequency selective surface （FSS） structure are analysed and the plots of the frequency versus transmission coefficient are obtained. As a result of the numerical analysis, it is shown that if the source polarization is changed, polarization-independence of previous FSS design can be achieved only for normal incidence, which limits most FSS applications. But in our proposed structure, the better polarization-independency for arbitrary incident angle can be achieved. It is observed that the simulated result comes very close to the experimental result.