Plasmonic sensor with self-reference capability based on functional layer film composed of Au/Si gratings

We propose a simple one-dimensional grating coupling system that can excite multiple surface plasmon resonances for refractive index(RI)sensing with self-reference characteristics in the near-infrared band.Using theoretical analysis and the finite-difference time-domain method,the plasmonic mechanism of the structure is discussed in detail.The results show that the excited resonances are independent of each other and have different fields of action.The mode involving extensive interaction with the analyte environment achieves a high sensitivity of 1236 nm/RIU,and the figure of merit(FOM)can reach 145 RIU-1.Importantly,the mode that is insensitive to the analyte environment exhibits good self-reference characteristics.Moreover,we discuss the case of exchanging the substrate material with the analyte environment.Promising simulation results show that this RI sensor can be widely deployed in unstable and complicated environments.

灵敏度编码磁共振谱成像(SENSESI)技术及图像重建方法

传统的相位编码磁共振谱成像 (MRSI)采集数据需要很长的时间 ,使得MRSI在临床上的应用受阻。灵敏度编码磁共振谱成像 (SENSE SI)采用线圈矩阵来并行采集MRSI数据 ,是一种不仅可以大大减少数据采集时间 ,而且不影响空间和谱的分辨率的全新方法。在图像重建时利用各个线圈的空间灵敏度来对丢失的编码信息进行恢复 ,将像素折叠的图像进行展开 ,可以得到完全没有重叠伪影的代谢物图像。SENSE SI采集数据的快速性和图像重建的高分辨性为MRSI真正应用于临床打下了坚实的基础。

Artificial senses for characterization of food quality

Food quality is of primary concern in the food industry and to the consumer. Systems that mimic human senses have been developed and applied to the characterization of food quality. The five primary senses are: vision, hearing, smell, taste and touch. In the characterization of food quality, people assess the samples sensorially and differentiate “good”from “bad”on a continuum. However, the human sensory system is subjective, with mental and physical inconsistencies, and needs time to work. Artificial senses such as machine vision, the electronic ear, electronic nose, electronic tongue, artificial mouth and even artificial the head have been developed that mimic the human senses. These artificial senses are coordinated individually or collectively by a pat- tern recognition technique, typically artificial neural networks, which have been developed based on studies of the mechanism of the human brain. Such a structure has been used to formulate methods for rapid characterization of food quality. This research presents and discusses individual artificial sensing systems. With the concept of multi-sensor data fusion these sensor systems can work collectively in some way. Two such fused systems, artificial mouth and artificial head, are described and discussed. It indicates that each of the individual systems has their own artificially sensing ability to differentiate food samples. It further indicates that with a more complete mimic of human intelligence the fused systems are more powerful than the individual sys- tems in differentiation of food samples.

QoE Assessment of Fairness between Players in Networked Virtual 3D Objects Identification Game Using Haptic, Olfactory, and Auditory Senses

In this paper, we carry out QoE (Quality of Experience) assessment to investigate influences of olfactory and auditory senses on fairness for a networked virtual 3D object identification game with haptics. In the game, two players try to identify objects which are placed in a shared 3D virtual space. In the assessment, we carry out the game in four cases. Smells and sounds are presented in the first case, only sounds are done in the second case, and only smells are done in the third case. In the last case, we present neither smell nor sound. As a result, we demonstrate that the fairness deteriorates more largely as the difference in conditions between two users becomes larger.

Fairness Assessment in Networked Games with Olfactory and Haptic Senses

In this paper, we carry out QoE (Quality of Experience) assessment of fairness between players in a networked balloon bursting game with olfactory and haptic senses. We also make a comparison of the fairness among different types of networked games with olfactory and haptic senses in the assessment. Then, we clarify the differences owing to usage of olfactory and haptic senses among the games. As a result, we illustrate that the fairness is largely affected by the delay difference, and we also demonstrate that the allowable range depends on the type of games, type of senses which are employed in the games, and the play methods.

A highly sensitive LITES sensor based on a multi-pass cell with dense spot pattern and a novel quartz tuning fork with low frequency

A highly sensitive light-induced thermoelectric spectroscopy(LITES)sensor based on a multi-pass cell(MPC)with dense spot pattern and a novel quartz tuning fork(QTF)with low resonance frequency is reported in this manuscript.An erbi-um-doped fiber amplifier(EDFA)was employed to amplify the output optical power so that the signal level was further enhanced.The optical path length(OPL)and the ratio of optical path length to volume(RLV)of the MPC is 37.7 m and 13.8 cm^(-2),respectively.A commercial QTF and a self-designed trapezoidal-tip QTF with low frequency of 9461.83 Hz were used as the detectors of the sensor,respectively.The target gas selected to test the performance of the system was acetylene(C2H2).When the optical power was constant at 1000 mW,the minimum detection limit(MDL)of the C2H2-LITES sensor can be achieved 48.3 ppb when using the commercial QTF and 24.6 ppb when using the trapezoid-al-tip QTF.An improvement of the detection performance by a factor of 1.96 was achieved after replacing the commer-cial QTF with the trapezoidal-tip QTF.

Narrow and broad senses on salinity scale

The narrow sense and applicable limit of Practical Salinity Scale 1978 (PSS78) and volumetric titration using silver nitrate to measure the salinity of non conservative oceanwater are discussed.The salinity obtained by electrical conductivity method and chlorinity salinity method obviously deviates from the absolute salinity( S A). The Density Salinity Scale(DSS98)proposed by the writers can be extensively used in conservative and non conservative water samples. The merits of the density salinity scale are as follows. (1)The Density Salinity Scale is only related to seawater mass and its buoyant effect, and is not influenced by the variation in seawater composition, and therefore,has high reliability,and repeatability for salinity determination. (2)The salinity values measured by the DSS98 have a conservative property.For oceanwater samples the salinity values are the same as those determined by the PSS78; for non conservative water samples(e g. samples from industrial sources),the salinity values are close to the absolute salinity values in comparison with those measured by the PSS78 and the Knudsen method. (3)For a solution with given solute mass,the solution concentration can be converted into the corresponding salinity by the Density Salinity Scale using the expansion coefficient of the solution and the calibration coefficient of the partial molar volume of the solute.

Gel-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Flexible Sensing:Principles,Properties,and Applications

The rapid development of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence technologies has increased the need for wearable,portable,and self-powered flexible sensing devices.Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)based on gel materials(with excellent conductivity,mechanical tunability,environmental adaptability,and biocompatibility)are considered an advanced approach for developing a new generation of flexible sensors.This review comprehensively summarizes the recent advances in gel-based TENGs for flexible sensors,covering their principles,properties,and applications.Based on the development requirements for flexible sensors,the working mechanism of gel-based TENGs and the characteristic advantages of gels are introduced.Design strategies for the performance optimization of hydrogel-,organogel-,and aerogel-based TENGs are systematically summarized.In addition,the applications of gel-based TENGs in human motion sensing,tactile sensing,health monitoring,environmental monitoring,human-machine interaction,and other related fields are summarized.Finally,the challenges of gel-based TENGs for flexible sensing are discussed,and feasible strategies are proposed to guide future research.

Remote sensing of air pollution incorporating integrated-path differential-absorption and coherent-Doppler lidar

An innovative complex lidar system deployed on an airborne rotorcraft platform for remote sensing of atmospheric pollution is proposed and demonstrated.The system incorporates integrated-path differential absorption lidar(DIAL) and coherent-doppler lidar(CDL) techniques using a dual tunable TEA CO_(2)laser in the 9—11 μm band and a 1.55 μm fiber laser.By combining the principles of differential absorption detection and pulsed coherent detection,the system enables agile and remote sensing of atmospheric pollution.Extensive static tests validate the system’s real-time detection capabilities,including the measurement of concentration-path-length product(CL),front distance,and path wind speed of air pollution plumes over long distances exceeding 4 km.Flight experiments is conducted with the helicopter.Scanning of the pollutant concentration and the wind field is carried out in an approximately 1 km slant range over scanning angle ranges from 45°to 65°,with a radial resolution of 30 m and10 s.The test results demonstrate the system’s ability to spatially map atmospheric pollution plumes and predict their motion and dispersion patterns,thereby ensuring the protection of public safety.

Building Feedback-Regulation System Through Atomic Design for Highly Active SO_(2)Sensing

Reasonably constructing an atomic interface is pronouncedly essential for surface-related gas-sensing reaction.Herein,we present an ingen-ious feedback-regulation system by changing the interactional mode between single Pt atoms and adjacent S species for high-efficiency SO_(2)sensing.We found that the single Pt sites on the MoS_(2)surface can induce easier volatiliza-tion of adjacent S species to activate the whole inert S plane.Reversely,the activated S species can provide a feedback role in tailoring the antibonding-orbital electronic occupancy state of Pt atoms,thus creating a combined system involving S vacancy-assisted single Pt sites(Pt-Vs)to synergistically improve the adsorption ability of SO_(2)gas molecules.Further-more,in situ Raman,ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy testing and density functional theory analysis demonstrate the intact feedback-regulation system can expand the electron transfer path from single Pt sites to whole Pt-MoS_(2)supports in SO_(2)gas atmosphere.Equipped with wireless-sensing modules,the final Pt1-MoS_(2)-def sensors array can further realize real-time monitoring of SO_(2)levels and cloud-data storage for plant growth.Such a fundamental understanding of the intrinsic link between atomic interface and sensing mechanism is thus expected to broaden the rational design of highly effective gas sensors.

Sensing as Knowing:Medicines,the Senses,and Practical Expertise in Late Imperial China

The development of the medicinal trade and markets in late imperial China increased anxiety among scholarly physicians about the authenticity of medicines.Even though the market was typically depicted by scholarly physicians as a place full of tricks and deceptions,it was a repertoire where practical knowledge about authentication was created and circulated.The specialized knowledge was mainly transmitted through oral tradition.But in some instances,it was also written down by scholarly physicians or merchants,allowing us to reconstruct the techniques and their underlying rationales.Authentication of medicines mobilized multiple sensory perceptions of the human body,consisting of observing,tasting,smelling,touching,and performing small tests.All these techniques played different roles in the practice of authentication.Even though these sensory techniques seemed like a collection of trivial and practical records without any coherent rationales,an underlying episteme could be detected through a close investigation.Merchants and practitioners in the market did not understand the nature and materiality of medicines by any established theories.Instead,they actively engaged with the tangible form of medicines through the senses and bodily techniques.This sensory form of knowing indicates a type of practical expertise that is distant from the scholarly tradition of materia medica in late imperial China.

Tailoring MXene Thickness and Functionalization for Enhanced Room‑Temperature Trace NO_(2) Sensing

In this study,precise control over the thickness and termination of Ti3C2TX MXene flakes is achieved to enhance their electrical properties,environmental stability,and gas-sensing performance.Utilizing a hybrid method involving high-pressure processing,stirring,and immiscible solutions,sub-100 nm MXene flake thickness is achieved within the MXene film on the Si-wafer.Functionalization control is achieved by defunctionalizing MXene at 650℃ under vacuum and H2 gas in a CVD furnace,followed by refunctionalization with iodine and bromine vaporization from a bubbler attached to the CVD.Notably,the introduction of iodine,which has a larger atomic size,lower electronegativity,reduce shielding effect,and lower hydrophilicity(contact angle:99°),profoundly affecting MXene.It improves the surface area(36.2 cm^(2) g^(-1)),oxidation stability in aqueous/ambient environments(21 days/80 days),and film conductivity(749 S m^(-1)).Additionally,it significantly enhances the gas-sensing performance,including the sensitivity(0.1119Ωppm^(-1)),response(0.2% and 23%to 50 ppb and 200 ppm NO_(2)),and response/recovery times(90/100 s).The reduced shielding effect of the–I-terminals and the metallic characteristics of MXene enhance the selectivity of I-MXene toward NO2.This approach paves the way for the development of stable and high-performance gas-sensing two-dimensional materials with promising prospects for future studies.

The Multiple Aspects Representations in The Hundred Secret Senses by Amy Tan

This paper is to analyze the novel in the following aspects： The Chinese-American cultural conflicts, the mother and daughter relations and sisters’ relations, the psychological critics, and the postcolonial identity. The novel is about multiple explanations of the aspects mentioned above. The writer confuses the Chinese culture, the relationship of the two sisters. Under the superficial description, the writer shows the psychological status of the main character and the practically existence of postcolonial identity and embodiment in the novel.

Preparation of single atom catalysts for high sensitive gas sensing

Single atom catalysts(SACs)have garnered significant attention in the field of catalysis over the past decade due to their exceptional atom utilization efficiency and distinct physical and chemical properties.For the semiconductor-based electrical gas sensor,the core is the catalysis process of target gas molecules on the sensitive materials.In this context,the SACs offer great potential for highly sensitive and selective gas sensing,however,only some of the bubbles come to the surface.To facilitate practical applications,we present a comprehensive review of the preparation strategies for SACs,with a focus on overcoming the challenges of aggregation and low loading.Extensive research efforts have been devoted to investigating the gas sensing mechanism,exploring sensitive materials,optimizing device structures,and refining signal post-processing techniques.Finally,the challenges and future perspectives on the SACs based gas sensing are presented.

Poetic Wisdom, Mind and Senses, Media. How to Deal With Phenomenon of Crisis of Humanities？

The today culture seems to be tom by two contradicted phenomena. First is connected with crisis of humanities, second with stepping of arts into the new spheres. Based on the thought of Marshall McLuhan, Giambatistta Vico and Rudolf Arnheim we will display that this contradiction is only apparent. After Marshall McLuhan we acknowledge the power of media to change the pattems of cognition and after RudolfArnheim we acknowledge the intimate relation between senses and mind. On such foundation we will see that crisis of humanities is connected with incorrect understanding relation between mind and senses. As Rudolf Arnheim remarks strict division between senses and mind favors downgrading social role of art and humanities--such division refuses art and humanities right to take a part in cognition. But in the age of electronic/digital culture, which is recovering the simultaneous of the verbi-voco-visual communication, new proportion between our senses is appearing. It must entail new approach to art and humanities.

Microarrow sensor array with enhanced skin adhesion for transdermal continuous monitoring of glucose and reactive oxygen species

Conventional blood sampling for glucose detection is prone to cause pain and fails to continuously record glucose fluctuations in vivo.Continuous glucose monitoring based on implantable electrodes could induce pain and potential tissue inflammation,and the presence of reactive oxygen species(ROS)due to inflammationmay affect glucose detection.Microneedle technology is less invasive,yet microneedle adhesion with skin tissue is limited.In this work,we developed a microarrow sensor array(MASA),which provided enhanced skin surface adhesion and enabled simultaneous detection of glucose and H_(2)O_(2)(representative of ROS)in interstitial fluid in vivo.The microarrows fabricated via laser micromachining were modified with functional coating and integrated into a patch of a three-dimensional(3D)microneedle array.Due to the arrow tip mechanically interlocking with the tissue,the microarrow array could better adhere to the skin surface after penetration into skin.The MASA was demonstrated to provide continuous in vivo monitoring of glucose and H_(2)O_(2) concentrations,with the detection of H_(2)O_(2) providing a valuable reference for assessing the inflammation state.Finally,the MASA was integrated into a monitoring system using custom circuitry.This work provides a promising tool for the stable and reliable monitoring of blood glucose in diabetic patients.

Temperature and Salinity Dual-parameter Sensing Based on Forward Brillouin Scattering in 1060-XP SMF

A novel temperature and salinity discriminative sensing method based on forward Brillouin scattering(FBS)in 1060-XP single-mode fiber(SMF)is proposed.The measured frequency shifts corresponding to different radial acoustic modes in 1060-XP SMF show different sensitivities to temperature and salinity.Based on the new phenomenon that different radial acoustic modes have different frequency shift-temperature and frequency shift-salinity coefficients,we propose a novel method for simultaneously measuring temperature and salinity by measuring the frequency shift changes of two FBS scattering peaks.In a proof-of-concept experiment,the temperature and salinity measurement errors are 0.12℃and 0.29%,respectively.The proposed method for simultaneously measuring temperature and salinity has the potential applications such as ocean surveying,food manufacturing and pharmaceutical engineering.

CrossFormer Embedding DeepLabv3+ for Remote Sensing Images Semantic Segmentation

High-resolution remote sensing image segmentation is a challenging task. In urban remote sensing, the presenceof occlusions and shadows often results in blurred or invisible object boundaries, thereby increasing the difficultyof segmentation. In this paper, an improved network with a cross-region self-attention mechanism for multi-scalefeatures based onDeepLabv3+is designed to address the difficulties of small object segmentation and blurred targetedge segmentation. First,we use CrossFormer as the backbone feature extraction network to achieve the interactionbetween large- and small-scale features, and establish self-attention associations between features at both large andsmall scales to capture global contextual feature information. Next, an improved atrous spatial pyramid poolingmodule is introduced to establish multi-scale feature maps with large- and small-scale feature associations, andattention vectors are added in the channel direction to enable adaptive adjustment of multi-scale channel features.The proposed networkmodel is validated using the PotsdamandVaihingen datasets. The experimental results showthat, compared with existing techniques, the network model designed in this paper can extract and fuse multiscaleinformation, more clearly extract edge information and small-scale information, and segment boundariesmore smoothly. Experimental results on public datasets demonstrate the superiority of ourmethod compared withseveral state-of-the-art networks.

On-chip quantum NOON state sensing for temperature and humidity

A maximal photon number entangled state,namely NOON state,can be adopted for sensing with a quantum enhancedprecision.In this work,we designed silicon quantum photonic chips containing two types of Mach-Zehnder interferometerswherein the two-photon NOON state,sensing element for temperature or humidity,is generated.Compared with classicallight or single photon case,two-photon NOON state sensing shows a solid enhancement in the sensing resolution andprecision.As the first demonstration of on-chip quantum photonic sensing,it reveals the advantages of photonic chips forhigh integration density,small-size,stability for multiple-parameter sensing serviceability.A higher sensing precision isexpected to beat the standard quantum limit with a higher photon number NOON state.

Remote sensing of quality traits in cereal and arable production systems:A review

Cereal is an essential source of calories and protein for the global population.Accurately predicting cereal quality before harvest is highly desirable in order to optimise management for farmers,grading harvest and categorised storage for enterprises,future trading prices,and policy planning.The use of remote sensing data with extensive spatial coverage demonstrates some potential in predicting crop quality traits.Many studies have also proposed models and methods for predicting such traits based on multiplatform remote sensing data.In this paper,the key quality traits that are of interest to producers and consumers are introduced.The literature related to grain quality prediction was analyzed in detail,and a review was conducted on remote sensing platforms,commonly used methods,potential gaps,and future trends in crop quality prediction.This review recommends new research directions that go beyond the traditional methods and discusses grain quality retrieval and the associated challenges from the perspective of remote sensing data.