PROGRESS AND PERSPECTIVE OF ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION IN DELAYING SENILITY

In this paper, we reviewed the developing history of delaying senility of acupunctureand moxibustion, summarized 41 reports about the effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on elderly,normal subject and the "deficiency syndrome" model animal, and expounded the rnechanisms in the aspects of immunology, endocrinology and biology. In addition, we also discussed the influence fac-tors and the developing trends of delaying senility of acupuncture and moxibustion in corning years.

Design and redesign journey of a drug for transthyretin amyloidosis

The misfolding and subsequent aggregation of proteins into amyloid fibrils underlie the onset of a variety of human disorders collectively known as amyloidosis.Transthyretin(TTR)is one of the>30 amyloidogenic proteins identified to date and is associated with a group of highly debilitating and life-threatening disorders called TTR amyloidosis(ATTR).ATTR comprises senile systemic amyloidosis,which is linked to wild-type(WT)TTR aggregation,and hereditary ATTR,a dominantly inherited disorder caused by the deposition of one of over 130 TTR genetic variants.Senile systemic amyloidosis is a prevalent age-related amyloidosis,affecting up to 25%of the population over 80 years of age,and is characterized by the build-up of TTR fibrils in the myocardium.Regarding hereditary ATTR,the clinical presentation is highly heterogeneous,primarily affecting the peripheral nervous system(familial amyloid polyneuropathy-FAP)or the heart(familial amyloid cardiomyopathy).In rare cases,aggregation develops in the central nervous system,giving rise to a phenotype known as familial leptomeningeal amyloidosis(Carroll et al.,2022).

Clinical Study of the Effect of Wuzi Yanzong Solution（五子衍宗液）for Retarding Senility

Eighty elderly men with symptoms of senility due to deficiency syndrome of the Kidney,but otherwise healthy. were randomly divided into two groups. one group was treated with Wuzi YanzongSolution (WXYZS) and the other with a placebo, each for five weeks. Affer treatment, the symptoms ofsenility were arneliorated as judged by using a scoring method. the activity of the erythrocyte superoxidedismutase was increased. the plasma lipid peroxide content was reduced, the plasma testosterone levelwas raised and the plasma estradiol/testosterone ratio was decreased in the WZYZS group, while nochanges were noticed in the placebo group. The results suggest that WZYZS retards senility in the aged,probably through its action of eliminating free radicals, reducing plasma lipid peroxide levels, elevatingerythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity and regulating sex hormone levels.

Warding off Senility

Fighting against mental deterioration in ageing lt’s commonly accepted by scientists that if the extension of life is possible,the secrets of senility must be uncovered.

Axoplasmic Transport in the Rats From Growing to Senility

One of the outstanding features of neuron is that axon lacks the ability to synthesize proteins. The structural and functional materials needed for axonal growing and regeneration have to be prepared in its cell body, and then supplied by axoplasmic transport. In our previous work, we have found that the transport rate of some slow-transported proteins is accelerated during regeneration. Because some changes

Rejuvenation of BMSCs senescence by pharmacological enhancement of TFEB-mediated autophagy alleviates aged-related bone loss and extends lifespan in middle aged mice

Bone marrow stromal/stem cells(BMSCs)are generally considered as common progenitors for both osteoblasts and adipocytes in the bone marrow,but show preferential differentiation into adipocytes rather than osteoblasts under aging,thus leading to senile osteoporosis.Accumulated evidences indicate that rejuvenation of BMSCs by autophagic enhancement delays bone aging.

Insight into endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contacts in human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) is a fastprogressing fatal neurodegenerative disease and the most common form of motor neuron disease.There is currently no cure and approximately 90% of cases are sporadic.ALS shares genetic causes,clinical and neuropathological features with frontotemporal dementia,the second most common form of presenile dementia.ALS and frontotemporal dementia are therefore considered a disease spectrum(Abramzon et al.,2020).

Assessing the current situation and the influencing factors affecting perceived stigma among older patients after leukemia diagnosis

BACKGROUND Psychological problems are becoming increasingly prominent among older patients with leukemia,with patients potentially facing stigmatization after diagnosis.However,there is limited research on the stigma experienced by these patients and the factors that may contribute to it.AIM To investigate the stigma faced by older patients after being diagnosed with leukemia and to analyze the potential influencing factors.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted using clinical data obtained from questionnaire surveys,interviews,and the medical records of older patients with leukemia admitted to the Hengyang Medical School from June 2020 to June 2023.The data obtained included participants’basic demographic information,medical history,leukemia type,family history of leukemia,average monthly family income,pension,and tendency to conceal illness.The Chinese versions of the Social Impact Scale(SIS),Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)were used to assess indicators related to stigma,social support,and mental health status.We used Pearson’s correlation coefficient to analyze the strength and direction of the relationship between the scores of each scale,and regression analysis to explore the factors related to the stigma of older patients with leukemia after diagnosis.RESULTS Data from 120 patients with leukemia aged 65-80 years were analyzed.The total score on the SIS and PSSS was 43.60±4.07 and 37.06±2.87,respectively.The SAS score was 58.35±8.32 and the SDS score was 60.58±5.97.The stigma experienced by older leukemia patients was negatively correlated with social support(r=-0.691,P<0.05)and positively correlated with anxiety and depression(r=0.506,0.382,P<0.05).Age,education level,smoking status,average monthly family income,pension,and tendency to conceal illness were significantly associated with the participants’level of stigma(P<0.05).Age,smoking status,social support,anxiety,and depression were predictive factors of stigmatization among older leukemia patients after diagnosis(all P<0.05),with a coefficient of determination(R2)of 0.644 and an adjusted R2 of 0.607.CONCLUSION Older patients commonly experience stigmatization after being diagnosed with leukemia.Factors such as age,smoking status,social support,and psychological well-being may influence older patients’reported experience of stigma.

Exploring the anti-osteoporotic potential of simvastatin and metformin: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization and animal experiment investigation

Background:Both simvastatin and metformin have demonstrated potential efficacy in osteoporosis(OP)treatment.However,there is a lack of systematic studies comparing their anti-osteoporotic effects.This study aims to compare the effects of simvastatin and metformin on OP through Mendelian randomization(MR)studies and animal experiments.Methods:Initially,we will analyze the causal impact of simvastatin or metformin treatment on OP prevalence and three common clinical OP diagnostic markers(bone mineral density(BMD),serum osteocalcin(OCN),and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)levels)using genome-wide association study(GWAS)summary statistics.Additionally,we established animal models to further analyze and compare the anti-osteoporosis effects of simvastatin and metformin.8 male C57BL/6J mice(3-month-old)and 24 male C57BL/6J mice(18-month-old)were treated with simvastatin or metformin for 12 weeks.OP pathology was assessed using histology,immunohistochemistry,biomechanical tests,micro-computed tomography,and osteogenic differentiation assays.Results:In the MR analysis,metformin treatment was significantly associated with lower OP prevalence(OR(95%CI)=0.933(0.902–0.965),β=-0.0694,P<0.001)and higher BMD(OR(95%CI)=3.719(1.750–7.908),β=1.3136,P<0.001).In the animal experiment,both drugs increased bone mass,improved bone microstructure,and promoted osteoblast differentiation.However,metformin appeared more effective in several aspects.It significantly inhibited bone marrow adipocyte and osteoclast differentiation in aged mice compared to simvastatin.Additionally,metformin better promoted the expression of osteoprotegerin(OPG)and collagen type I(Col-I)in bone tissue and maintained the structure and biomechanical properties of cancellous bone.Conclusion:Both drugs significantly preserved bone homeostasis.Particularly,compared with simvastatin,metformin exhibited superior effects in inhibiting adipogenesis,enhancing the OPG/RANKL pathway,and promoting cancellous bone reconstruction.Metformin may serve as a valuable adjunct in preventing and treating OP in the elderly.

Clinical Study on the Treatment of Senile Alzheimer’s Dementia with Sodium Oligomannate Combined with Memantine Hydrochloride

Objective:To analyze the clinical effects of sodium oligomannate combined with memantine hydrochloride in the treatment of senile Alzheimer’s dementia.Methods:Sixty-eight cases of Alzheimer’s dementia treated at the Second People’s Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March 2020 to March 2022 were selected as the study subjects.The patients were divided into two groups based on different treatment methods:the control group(treated with memantine hydrochloride,34 cases)and the treatment group(treated with sodium oligomannate+memantine hydrochloride,34 cases).Cognitive function,activities of daily living,neurotransmitters,serum intestinal flora metabolic markers,inflammatory factors,neurotrophic factors,and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results:The treatment group showed better cognitive function,quality of life scores,and levels of relevant metabolic markers in the body compared to the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(treatment group:2%;control group:4%)was not statistically significant(χ^(2)=0.731,P=0.393).Conclusion:Sodium oligomannate combined with memantine hydrochloride has better efficacy than the control group for treating senile Alzheimer’s dementia.It significantly improves and restores cognitive function and daily living abilities,benefits neurotransmitter secretion and internal regulation,upregulates the expression of neurotrophic factors,and has fewer adverse reactions,making it a treatment worthy of further clinical promotion and application.

老年性白内障患者晶体及血清硒含量的变化

迄今为止,有关硒自内障的报告很多,但它与老年性白内障的关系尚不明确。一般认为氧化损伤是白内障形成的主要原因。在正常代谢或某些应激状态下,晶体内会产生过氧化氢和脂质过氧化物并且主要靠谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶来消除这些过氧化物。硒是人体所必需的微量元素,它参与构成谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性中心。一般认为,晶体中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性与硒含量呈正相关。曾有报道。

Anisometropia magnitude and visual deficits in previously untreated anisometropic amblyopia

AIM:To assess the quantitative association between anisometropia magnitude(AM) and the losses of resolution and contrast sensitivity;and to exemplify how the function of fusion and stereopsis vary with AM in previously untreated anisometropic amblyopia. METHODS:A total of 57 patients with previously untreated anisometropic amblyopia without strabismus(range:8-35 years),were measured refractive error,best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),fusion and stereopsis,and 48 patients have completed contrast sensitivity function test.AM was determined by dioptric vector addition model,and the amblyopia depth was determined by the difference of BCVA in logMAR units between the amblyopic and fellow eyes.RESULTS:AM was significantly correlated with both amblyopia depth(Pearson R=0.728,P【0.001) and the inter-ocular difference of the area under the log contrast sensitivity function(AULCSF)(R=0.505,P【0.001).Depth of amblyopia and the inter-ocular difference of AULCSF was also significantly correlated(R=0.761,P【0.001).The more severity of amblyopia,the poorer levels of contrast sensitivity.Most pure anisometropes with AM was less than 3.0D retain fusion and some stereopsis,but when AM were more than 3.0D,especially for the anisometropes whose AM was more than 6.0D,fusion and stereopsis function were seriously impaired.CONCLUSION:In the patients with previously untreated anisometropic amblyopia,higher degree of anisometropia is significantly associated with deeper amblyopia,worse contrast sensitivity,fusion and stereopsis functions.

Advancing age and heart failure:the Influencing factors of prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction

The purpose of this study is to determine whether advancing age andheart failure are independent predictors of increased mortality afrer acutemyocardial infarction(AMI)We reviewed the clinical data of 1068 in-patients(344 senile/724 nonsenile)with AMI.The results showed atypicalpresentations of infarction-related symptoms in the elderly are common,with consequent delay in the diagnosis and treatment The elderly patientshad a high proportion of systemic hypertension(43.9%),non Q wave AM/(36%)and heart failure(35.5%),On the contrast,the proportion of that innonsenile patients were 33%,8Vo and 16.4% respectively.In elderlypatients,several complications:of AMI are more common,asinterventricular septum perforation(2%),cardiogenic shock(19.8%),arthythmia(61.9%).Heart failure was more frequent in patients with leftventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)≤35%,previous heart failure ormyocardial infarction,and anterior location infarction.Those with severecongestive heart failure had a mortality of 33.2% compared with 24.5% forthose with moderate heart failure and 13.51% for those with no heart failurein the first eight weeks.The following factors were associated with anincreased risk of death:older age,longer delay before admission to hospital,no prescription of beta-blaekers and a previous history of infarctionOur data suggested that the prognosis after AMI was directly related toadvaneeing age and the severity of congestive heart failure.Thedevelopment of congestive heart failure was an independent predictor ofdeath.The increasing incidence and mortality were closely related toimpaired myocardial reserve.The present benefits,as pointed out by therecent progress in AMI therapy,must be employed in the treatment of olderinfarcted patients More aggressive management in elderly patients shouldoe evaluated for its potential to reduce mortality.

CLINICAL OBSERVATION OF THE EFFECT OF HEALTH-PRESERVING MOXIBUSTION ON DELAYING AGING

The present paper reports a clinical observation of the effect of health-preservingmoxibustion in the aged people without apparent organic diseases. Results show that the health-preserving moxibustion has an evident action in lessening aging symptoms and improving physio-logic functions of the senile body. It is held in traditional Chinese medicine that from the middle-aged period on, the decline of kidney Qi is an important cause of senility and deficiency of thespleen and blood stasis also play a role in some degree. Health-preserving moxibustion ofShenque and Zusanli has actions in warming Yang, reinforcing Qi and promoting blood circulationto remove obstruction in meridians. It is thus a method for self health protection.

Age of cardiac resynchronisation therapy; cardiac resynchronisation therapy in elderly

I have read the article entitled ＂Is cardiac resynchronisation therapy feasible, safe and beneficial in the very elderly？＂ by Olechowski, et al. with great interest, recently published in Journal of Geriatric Cardiology. The investigators reported that implantation of cardiac resynchronisation therapy （CRT） is feasible and safe in very elderly despite extensive co-morbidity.

Rho GTP酶在阿尔茨海默病中的研究进展

阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer′s disease,AD）是最常见的进行性神经系统退行性疾病,以渐进性的认知和记忆的障碍和情志的异常改变为主要临床特征。AD的标志性病理改变为β-淀粉样蛋白（β-amyloid protein,Aβ）沉积形成的老年斑（senile plaques）和由磷酸化的不溶性tau蛋白组成的神经原纤维缠结（neurofibrillary tangles,NFTs）。

阿尔茨海默病的临床诊断流程

随着全球人口老龄化进程的加速,阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer′s type senile dementia,AD）的发病率也与年俱增。在发达国家,继心脏病、恶性肿瘤和脑卒中后,AD已成为现代社会死亡原因的第四大杀手和严重公共卫生问题。AD是指在意识清醒状态下,出现的获得性、全面进展性、不可逆性、慢性中枢神经系统（CNS）变性的多项认知功能（记忆、语言、定向、注意、学习、计算、思维、判断、

Therapeutic effect of Cistanche deserticola on defecation in senile constipation rat model through stem cell factor/C-kit signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Constipation is one of the chronic gastrointestinal functional diseases.It seriously affects the quality of life.Cistanche deserticola(C.deserticola)can treat constipation obviously,but its mechanism has not been clarified.We supposed that mechanism of it improved the intestinal motility by stimulating interstitial Cajal cells(ICC).Activation of the C-kit receptor on the surface of ICC is closely related to ICC function,and the stem cell factor(SCF)/C-kit signaling pathways plays an important role on it.To investigate the mechanism of how C.deserticola treats constipation,this study aimed to establish a constipation model in rats and explore the role of SCF/C-kit signaling pathway in the treatment.AIM To explore the SCF/C-kit signaling pathways in the role of C.deserticola for treatment of constipation by a constipation rat model.METHODS Forty-eight 8-mo-old Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups by random weight method:Normal group(n=12),model group(n=12),C.deserticola group(n=12)and blocker group(n=12).The normal group received normal saline by gavage;the model group received loperamide by gavage;the blocker group received loperamide and C.deserticola by gavage,and STI571 was injected by intraperitoneally.During treatment,the weight,fecal granules and fecal quality were recorded every 10 d.On day 20 after model induction,the colon tissues of each group were removed.Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe pathological changes.Expression levels of SCF,C-kit and Aquaporin genes were detected by immunohistochemistry,western blotting,and real-time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The colonic epithelial mitochondria and goblet cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy.RESULTS Compared with the normal group,as treatment progressed,the weight of rats in the model and blocker groups decreased significantly,the stool weight decreased,and the stool quality was dry(P<0.05).C.deserticola reversed the decrease in body weight and stool weight and improved stool quality.Histopathological analysis indicated that the colonic mucosal epithelium in the model group was incomplete,and the arrangement of the glands was irregular or damaged.Treatment with C.deserticola improved the integrity and continuity of the epithelial cells and regular arrangement of the glands.The blocking agents inhibited the effects of C.deserticola Immunohistochemistry and real-timequantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that expression of SCF and C-kit protein or genes in the colonic tissue of the model group was decreased(P<0.05),while treatment with C.deserticola increased protein or gene expression(P<0.05).Western blotting showed that expression of aquaporin APQ3 was increased,while the expression of Cx43 decreased in the model group.Treatment with C.deserticola inhibited expression of APQ3 and promoted expression of Cx43.Transmission electron microscopy showed that the mitochondria of the colonic epithelium in the model group were swollen and arranged disorderly,and microvilli were sparse.The condition was better in the C.deserticola group.Mice treated with STI571 blocker confirmed that blocking the SCF/C-kit pathway inhibited the improvement of constipation by C.deserticola.CONCLUSION C.deserticola improved defecation in rats with constipation,and the SCF/C-kit signaling pathway,which is a key link of ICC function,played an important role of the treatment.

Effect of tankyrase 1 on autophagy in the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells from ageing rats with erectile dysfunction and its potential mechanism

This study compared tankyrase 1 expression and autophagy quantity between erectile dysfunction （ED） and non-ED rats＇ corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells （CSMCs）. This study aslo explored the effect and possible mechanism of tankyrase 1 on autophagy and cell proliferation in ageing ED rats＇ CSMCs. The intracavernous pres- sure and mean systemic arterial pressure were measured to investigate erectile function so that eight 24-month-old ED and eight 8-month-old male Wistar rats were choosed respectively. The rat CSMCs were isolated and cultured by enzyme digestion, in which tankyrase 1 expression and autophagy quantity were compared. Tankyrase 1 over-expression was induced with plasmid transfection by Lipofectamine^TM. The effect of tankyrase 1 overexpression on proliferation, autophagy and mTOR pathway in 24-month-old ED rats＇ CSMCs was measured by the cell growth curve in MTT assay, cell cycle analysis in flow cytometry （FCM）, key protein expression in Western blot, autophagy quantity in transmission electron microscopy, monodansylcadaverine staining and GFP-LC3 fluorescence. The primary CSMCs were confirmed by immunofluorescence, and the purity was 99.1% in FCM. Compared with that of 8-month-old rats, tankyrase 1 expression and autophagy quantity significantly decreased in 24-month-old ED rats＇ primary CSMCs （P 〈 0.01）. Tankyrase 1 overexpression significantly increased the growth rate （P 〈 0.05） and increased the S phase of cell cycle （P 〈 0.01）. The autophagosome quantity was remarkably increased （P 〈 0.01）, LC3-Ⅰ/Ⅱ and Beclin 1 were upregulated （P 〈 0.01 and P 〈 0.05）, and p-p70S6K （Thr389） was downregulated in 24-month-old ED rat CSMCs （P 〈 0.05）. In conclusion, Tankyrase 1 and autophagy decrease in the CSMCs from aging rats with ED, and tankyrase 1 may have a positive effect on proliferation by enhancing autophagy and regulating the mTOR signalling pathway.

Use of curcumin in diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease

This review summarizes and describes the use of curcumin in diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease.For diagnosis of Alzheimer＇s disease,amyloid-β and highly phosphorylated tau protein are the major biomarkers.Curcumin was developed as an early diagnostic probe based on its natural fluorescence and high binding affinity to amyloid-β.Because of its multi-target effects,curcumin has protective and preventive effects on many chronic diseases such as cerebrovascular disease,hypertension,and hyperlipidemia.For prevention and treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease,curcumin has been shown to effectively maintain the normal structure and function of cerebral vessels,mitochondria,and synapses,reduce risk factors for a variety of chronic diseases,and decrease the risk of Alzheimer＇s disease.The effect of curcumin on Alzheimer＇s disease involves multiple signaling pathways：anti-amyloid and metal iron chelating properties,antioxidation and anti-inflammatory activities.Indeed,there is a scientific basis for the rational application of curcumin in prevention and treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease.