Matching Dyeing and Properties of Silk Fabrics with Natural Edible Pigments

The silk fabrics were matching dyed with three natural edible pigments(red rice red,ginger yellow and gardenia blue).By investigating the dyeing rates and lifting properties of these pigments,it was observed that their compatibilities were excellent in the dyeing process:dye dosage 2.5%(omf),mordant alum dosage 2.0%(omf),dyeing temperature 80℃and dyeing time 40 min.The silk fabrics dyed with secondary colors exhibited vibrant and vivid color owing to the remarkable lightness and chroma of ginger yellow.However,gardenia blue exhibited multiple absorption peaks in the visible light range,resulting in significantly lower lightness and chroma for the silk fabrics dyed with tertiary colors,thus making it suitable only for matte-colored fabrics with low chroma levels.In addition,the silk fabrics dyed with these three pigments had a color fastness that exceeded grade 3 in resistance to perspiration,soap washing and light exposure,indicating acceptable wearing properties.The dyeing process described in this research exhibited a wide range of potential applications in matching dyeing of protein-based textiles with natural colorants.

Sterilization of mycete attached on the unearthed silk fabrics by an atmospheric pressure plasma jet

The sterilization of the simulated unearthed silk fabrics using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet（APPJ） system employing Ar/O2 or He/O2 plasma to inactivate the mycete attached on the silk fabrics is reported. The effects of the APPJ characteristics（particularly the gas type and discharge power） on the fabric strength, physical-chemical structures,and sterilizing efficiency were investigated. Experimental results showed that the Ar/O2 APPJ plasma can inactivate the mycete completely within 4.0 min under a discharge power of 50.0 W. Such an APPJ treatment had negligible impact on the mechanical strength of the fabric and the surface chemical characteristics. Moreover, the Ar ions, O and OH radicals were shown to play important roles on the sterilization of the mycete attached on the unearthed silk fabrics.

The effect of atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma treatment on the dyeing properties of silk fabric

In this study,the effects of plasma treatment parameters on surface morphology,chemical constituent,dycabiliiy and color fastness of silk fabric were investigated.Atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma generated with different applied voltages(0 kV to 45 kV)was used to treat the surface of silk fabrics.C I Natural Yellow 3 was used to dye untreated and plasma-treated silk fabrics.The physical analysis based on scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface of silk fabrics was affected by plasma treatment.The chemical analysis was investigated with x-ray photi>elcctron spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results showed that the content of C Is decreased with the increasing applied voltage,the content of N Is and O Is increased with the increasing applied voltage.The increasing K/S values represented that the dyeability of silk fabrics was improved after plasma treatment.The color fastness to dry and wet rubbing was decreased after plasma treatment.

The Recognition of Silk Fabric Defects Based on Biorthogonal Wavelet Analysis and SOM Neural Network

A feasible approach for the recognition of silk fabric defects based on wavelet transform and SOM neural network is proposed in this paper, the indispensable processes of which are defect images denoising and enhancement, image edge detection, feature extraction and defects identification. Both geometrical and textmal feature parmnete~ are extracted from the edge image and the enhanced defect image, and utilize SOM neural network to recognize the common defects which silk fabrics have, including warplacking, weft-lacking, double weft, loom bars, oil-stains. Experimental resets show the advantages with high identification correctness and high inspection speed.

ESR signals from silk fabrics irradiated by UV-rays

ESR studies were done on UV-ray irradiated silk fabric samples at room temperature. Different types of UV lamps were used and similar ESR signals were observed. The results indicate that UV-rays can produce free radicals for graft-copolymerization of monomer onto silk fibers without external additives or co additives, Also, radicals in silk fabrics irradiated by UV-rays are purer than that irradiated by γ-rays. The study suggests that UV-lights may be a better tool to improve properties of silk fabrics by grafting monomers onto the polymer chains.

The Relationship between the Mechanical Properties of Pure Silk Fabrics and Dress Performance

In this paper, the relationship between mechanical properties of 30 pieces of pure silk fabrics and the dress performance has been analyzed. With the methods of multifactor linear step regression and discrimination analysis, the judgment and prediction model of the performance have been established.

Properties of radicals created by γ-ray irradiation of silk fabrics

The propoerties of radicals fromγ-ray irradiated silk fabrics were studied by electron spin resonance method(ESR).The ESR spectra of silk fabrics irradiated in N2 showed a doublet at room temperature,The doublet became a singlet at g=2.0057 after placing the sample in air for 24 hours.This can be explained by formation of peroxide radicals.The radical concentration of the irradiated silk fabric and the decay rate of radicals are significantly affected by irradiation conditions.which include the absorbed dose.atmosphere,and water content of the silk fabric samples.However,no dose rate effect on the radical concentration was observed.The results are of help in our practice of property modification of silk products by radiation graft copolymerization.

MONITOR AND CONTROL OF THE DEGUMMING PROCESS FOR SILK FABRICS

In the paper the monitor and control methods of silk fabrics degumming process havebeen discussed which arethe pH value of degumming bath, the degumming loss percentage and the supplemen-tary amounts of degumming assistants etc.The investigation was shown that method is exact to measure the PH value of degum-ming bath by the heat resistant 305-2 type lithium glass electrode and the 232 type calomelelectrode through the saturated polassium chloride salt bridge at the degumming tempera-ture, the method can be avoided the errors in the conventional measurements.From the theoretical calculate of the alkaline expense, including the absorbed alkali ofraw silk fabric, G1;the alkali carried away by fabric, G2;the consumptive alkali by belach-ing agent, G3 etc. According to practical produce, the empirical formula has been estab-lished for determination of the addittional amounts of degumming assistants, G, at the con-tinuous produce:G=1.28(G1+G2+G3)(g/kg fabric)

Sub-Millimeter-Wave Transmission of Silk Fabric

Millimeter wave technology is one of the technologies developed rapidly in recent years. The research was mainly to study the transmission of millimeter wave through textile material named silk fabric. We observed the phenomenon of sub-millimeter-wave transmission and reflection of the silk fabric, and concluded that with the number of silk fabric layers increasing, effect of scattering and absorption of the millimeter wave enhanced. The conclusion could be further employed in millimeter wave and THz imaging, dangerous goods inspection and other security application.

An Experimental Investigation to Examine the Wicking Properties of Silk Fabrics

In this research, the wicking characteristics of fabrics were used as an essential and effective indicator to investigate the satisfaction of heat and moisture. Due to the popularization of silk fabrics recently it has become an interesting topic to know about the wicking behavior of silk fabrics in water. The absorptive capability of the silk textile makes clothing comfortable even for a hotter environment. Silk fabrics are comfortable in the summer, and warm in the winter. Silk fabric can usually contain about 11 percent of its weight in moisture but the range varies from 10% to as much as 30%. In this paper, the wicking behavior of silk fabric in both warp and weft directions was investigated in terms of wicking height, wicking rate, mass increase distribution per centimeter of wicking height, the velocity of wicking height, and durability of wicking height after removal of the wicking liquid reservoir. The experimental results show that the wicking height in both the warp and weft directions had a good correlation with the time. The wicking rate was comparable in both weft and warp directions, but at the start of the wicking phase, weft direction wicking was quicker than warp direction. The mass increase in fabric per centimeter of wicking height was inversely proportional to wicking height. The mass of moisture carried in the fabric did not significantly differ in the direction of the weft and warp.

Natural Cocoons Enabling Flexible and Stable Fabric Lithium–Sulfur Full Batteries

Lithium–sulfur batteries are highly appealing as highenergy power systems and hold great application prospects for flexible and wearable electronics.However,the easy formation of lithium dendrites,shuttle effect of dissolved polysulfides,random deposition of insulating lithium sulfides,and poor mechanical flexibility of both electrodes seriously restrict the utilization of lithium and stabilities of lithium and sulfur for practical applications.Herein,we present a cooperative strategy employing silk fibroin/sericin to stabilize flexible lithium–sulfur full batteries by simultaneously inhibiting lithium dendrites,adsorbing liquid polysulfides,and anchoring solid lithium sulfides.Benefiting from the abundant nitrogen-and oxygen-containing functional groups,the carbonized fibroin fabric serves as a lithiophilic fabric host for stabilizing the lithium anode,while the carbonized fibroin fabric and the extracted sericin are used as sulfiphilic hosts and adhesive binders,respectively,for stabilizing the sulfur cathode.Consequently,the assembled Li–S full battery provided a high areal capacity(5.6 mAh cm−2),limited lithium excess(90%),a high volumetric energy density(457.2 Wh L^(−1)),high-capacity retention(99.8%per cycle),and remarkable bending capability(6000 flexing cycles at a small radius of 5 mm).

Graft Modification of N,N'-methylene- bisacrylamide onto Silk in the Presence of Air

The graft modification of N, N'-methylene-bisacrylamide (NNMBAA) onto silk using eerie ammonium sulfate, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate and 2, 2-azobis (isobutyronitrile) as the initiators has been studied in the presence of air. To establish reaction conditions for the graft modification of NNMBAA onto silk, the effect of different variables such as the initiator concentration, monomer concentration, acetic acid concentration, time of polymerization, reaction temperature and liquor ratio (fabric: liq.) have been studied. The optimum grafting conditions were found. As evidence of grafting, analyses of amino acid composition and alkali solubility have been carried out. Grafting caused changes in amino acid composition and alkali solubility of silk. The observation has been explained in relation to structural changes in the grafted silk.

THE EFFECTS OF PLASMA-INDUCED GRAFT COPOLYMERIZATION WITH ACRYLIC ACID ON THE STRUCTURE AND DYEING PROPERTIES OF MULBERRY SILK

The effects of plasma-induced graft copolymerization with acrylic acid (AAc) on the structure and dyeing properties of mulberry silk are investigated. Through the transmission infrared spectroscopy(IR) , attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy(ATR-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) studies, changes of the surface structure and composition are observed. The results show that plasma-induced graft copolymerization has a different meehanism from that of chemical graft copolymerization. The plasma graft copolymerization brings AAc branch polymers into the surface of silk through the initiation of some kinds of oxygen and nitrogen groups created by plasma. That is just the reason that the dyeing ability and color fastness of plasma-grafted silk for cationic dyestuff increase and its mechanical properties have not been changed significantly.

RESEARCH ON THE PROPERTY AND DESIGN OF THE BULK SILK

Bulk silk is one of the natural materials which has special appearance and property.Thedevelopment of the fabrics which can fully reflect the speciality of the bulk silk is benefit tothe spread of this new silk. The properties of bulk silk fabric and the differences between the bulk and ordinary silkfabrics are disccused in this paper.It has been found that the bulk silk fabric is full. plumpyand resilicnt. Accoring to the results of experiement and analysis.the main points of designare put forwarnd for bulk woven fabrics.

ON CRAFT OF SILK “KNITTING” CORDS OF WARRING STATES PERIOD IN JIANGLING

Seven pieces of silk braids excavated from Chu Tomb No.1 at M ashan in Jiangling are thoughtto belong to the knitting fabric.Their structures are double-stitched type,with a lining silk on theback side to fix the knitted threads;besides the traverse linking structure,there are alsomulti-structures by single jersey combined with traverse linking,the excavators declared.The au-thor of this paper believes that those cords can be classified as some intermediary between theknitwear and the needlework.They have the structure similar to certain kinds of knitting,crochetand embroidery,and can be duplicated through two different methods.The differences and similar-ities between these cords and the traditional hand-knitting or embroidery,as well as their originsare discussed.Photographs of the relic and the duplication are presented.

真丝织物的植物染料染色

采用植物红和植物蓝染料对真丝织物进行直接染色,探讨了染液浓度、染色pH、染色温度、染色时间、元明粉用量、固色剂用量对真丝织物染色效果的影响。通过正交试验得到的最佳染色工艺为:植物红染料质量分数1.00%(omf),染液pH为3,染色温度90℃,染色时间40 min,元明粉质量浓度5 g/L,固色剂质量分数1%;植物蓝染料质量分数1.00%(omf),染液pH为7,染色温度90℃,染色时间55 min,元明粉质量浓度5 g/L,固色剂质量分数1%。染色织物具有较好的耐皂洗色牢度、耐摩擦色牢度和耐汗渍色牢度,基本达到3~4级以上。

紫外光对不同埋藏环境丝织品的劣化影响研究

利用扫描电镜、傅立叶红外、热重分析、氨基酸分析等现代分析技术对紫外光照下模拟不同埋藏环境丝织品的劣化差异进行探究,结果表明:紫外光照射使丝织品表面产生脆性断口、黄度值增加、断裂强力下降、无规卷曲/β-折叠含量比值上升、热最大分解速率温度下降,酪氨酸、大侧基氨基酸的含量减少。紫外光对不同埋藏环境丝织品的劣化影响各不一样,其中对有氧埋藏环境和碱埋藏环境丝织品的破坏更严重。因此博物馆馆藏丝织品保存条件的选择应当根据埋藏环境差异进行细化,对有氧环境和碱环境出土丝织品要格外注意紫外光防护。此外,丝织品的热最大分解速率温度的下降与紫外光照射时间呈线性关系,可以用于量化评估丝织品的劣化程度。

改性蚕丝织物的胭脂虫红染色工艺探析

为使胭脂虫红上染蚕丝织物效果好,采用壳聚糖季铵盐(HACC)对蚕丝织物改性后,用胭脂虫红色素直接染色,探讨改性工艺。研究表明,最佳改性工艺条件为改性温度70℃,改性时间40 min,pH=5,HACC质量浓度4%。胭脂虫红对改性蚕丝织物进行直接染色,得出优化的染色工艺条件为染色温度80℃,染色时间40min,pH=7,染液质量浓度6%。在最佳的工艺条件下,对未改性及改性蚕丝织物进行直接染色和后媒染,用环保的氯化镧稀土为媒染剂,对染色织物的染色性能、色牢度进行测试。结果表明,HACC改性试样经过后媒染法染色,其染色性能、色牢度最好,对生态染整技术发展提供积极的意义。

真丝织物的尤加利叶拓染工艺

采用尤加利叶对真丝织物进行拓染,探讨直接拓染和不同媒染剂预媒拓染方法对拓染效果的影响,发现直接拓染和硫酸亚铁预媒拓染两种方法效果最佳。尤加利在真丝织物上直接拓染的最佳工艺参数为:轧车压力3.0 kg/cm^(2)(织物含水率123%),汽蒸温度110℃,汽蒸时间50 min;硫酸亚铁预媒拓染的最佳工艺为:媒染剂质量浓度0.20 g/L,汽蒸温度110℃,汽蒸时间50 min。

基于二氧化硫脲还原剥色的丝织物扎染新工艺

扎染作为时尚流行元素,其产品设计一直是个热门话题,当前文献报道大多侧重扎染的图案设计、扎花技法和产品应用,深入研究其染色工艺的相对较少。文章提出先以活性染料对丝织物染地色,扎染时采用二氧化硫脲作为还原剂对地色染料进行剥色,同时选择中性染料对丝织物进行着色,以开发扎染新工艺。单因素影响实验结果表明,在无碱条件下,二氧化硫脲质量浓度1g/L、还原温度90℃、还原时间6min时,诺威克隆红S-B、红EC-4B、橙EC-3R和蓝EC-R四只活性染料染色丝织物的剥色率分别达到95.43%、97.54%、92.91%和96.62%。扎染时选择相同浓度与温度、还原时间大于6min,活性染料染色的丝织物通过单色扎染可以获得与常规扎染相反的图案效果,也可以通过中染料着色获得两套色或以上的扎染效果。