MICROPROCESSOR BASED MODEL FOLLOWING ADAPTIVE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR CSIM DRIVES

A model following adaptive control system for CSIM is presented in this paper. A dynamic mathematical model of slip control based system is obtained. With the help of model reducing technique, full order model is reduced to simplify the design without degrading much of the performance. Model following adaptive control laws in discrete form are derived. These laws satisfy the hyperstability condition for taking care of the load and machine parameter changes of the drive. A microprocessor 8098 is used to develop the speed controller. The implementation of the control system uses only available variables of the reference model and the controlled plant. Experimental results are given to demonstrate the good performance of the system.

Deep reinforcement learning based integrated evasion and impact hierarchical intelligent policy of exo-atmospheric vehicles

Exo-atmospheric vehicles are constrained by limited maneuverability,which leads to the contradiction between evasive maneuver and precision strike.To address the problem of Integrated Evasion and Impact(IEI)decision under multi-constraint conditions,a hierarchical intelligent decision-making method based on Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)was proposed.First,an intelligent decision-making framework of“DRL evasion decision”+“impact prediction guidance decision”was established:it takes the impact point deviation correction ability as the constraint and the maximum miss distance as the objective,and effectively solves the problem of poor decisionmaking effect caused by the large IEI decision space.Second,to solve the sparse reward problem faced by evasion decision-making,a hierarchical decision-making method consisting of maneuver timing decision and maneuver duration decision was proposed,and the corresponding Markov Decision Process(MDP)was designed.A detailed simulation experiment was designed to analyze the advantages and computational complexity of the proposed method.Simulation results show that the proposed model has good performance and low computational resource requirement.The minimum miss distance is 21.3 m under the condition of guaranteeing the impact point accuracy,and the single decision-making time is 4.086 ms on an STM32F407 single-chip microcomputer,which has engineering application value.

Investigation on microprocessor based waveform control of short circuit transfer CO_2 welding

A new kind of simple and flexible CO2 welding system was developed to carry out waveform control. The system consisted of IGBT inverter, PWM circuit and microprocessor unit （ MPU） , in which the output current of constant current （CC） power supply could be changed according to transient physical state, and the variable down slope rate control could be used to ensure a stable welding process. The welding experiment results proved the effectiveness of this control approach.

The MMU Implementation of Unity-1 Microprocessor

Virtual memory management is always a very essential issue of the modern microprocessor design. A memory management unit (MMU) is designed to implement a virtual machine for user programs, and provides a management mechanism between the operating system and user programs. This paper analyzes the tradeoffs considered in the MMU design of Unity 11 CPU of Peking University, and introduces in detail the solution of pure hardware table walking with two level page table organization. The implementation takes care of required operations and high performances needed by modern operating systems and low costs needed by embedded systems. This solution has been silicon proven, and successfully porting the Linux 2.4.17 kernel, the XWindow system, GNOME and most application software onto the Unity platform.

Development of single-chip fuzzy controller based on FFSI in binary

Length and concise structure of fuzzy logic reasoning program and its real-time reasoning characteris-tic have their effect on the performance of a digital single-chip fuzzy controller. The control effect of a digitalfuzzy controller based on looking up fuzzy control responding table is only relative to the table and not relative tothe fuzzy control rules in the practical control process. Aiming at above problem and having combined fuzzy log-ic reasoning with digital operational characteristics of a single-chip microcomputer, functioning-fuzzy-subset in-ference (FFSI) in binary, in which triangle membership functions of error and error-in-change are all represen-ted in binary and singleton membership functions of control variable is binary too, has been introduced. The cir-cuit principle plans of a single-chip fuzzy controller have been introduced for development of its hardware, andthe primary program structure, fuzzy logic reasoning subroutine, serial communication subroutine with PC andreliability design of the fuzzy controller are all discussed in detail. The control of indoor temperature by a fuzzycontroller has been conducted using a testing-room thermodynamic system. Research results show that the FFSIin binary can exercise a concise fuzzy control in a single-chip fuzzy controller, and the fuzzy controller is there-fore reliable and possesses a high performance-price ratio.

The Automated System of Unified Templates as an Element of Trainability of Microprocessor Relay Protection Devices

The article discusses the possibility of further modernization of the standard microprocessor relay protection of AC overhead system feeders DPA-27.5-TNF, which is operated on the Trans-Baikal Railway by creating an additional automated system of unified templates necessary for the occurrence of “trainability” elements. The templates will be formed via a separate dedicated channel for transmission, processing and storage of the necessary information, not related to the operation of the terminal, with its subsequent visualization at the workplace of the duty personnel of traction substations, together with information from the “GID” software received via another dedicated wired channel. With the help of such a base of unified preset templates, in the future, it will be possible not only to identify the specific causes of each emergency shutdown but also to reduce their number by dynamically adjusting the existing presets of the standard operation algorithm.

Gas concentration monitoring system for small and medium-sized coal mines based on gas-sensing detection and single-chip control

This paper is aimed at the actual conditions of disaster caused by gas in small and medium-sized coal mines. A new gas concentration monitoring system for coal mines is developed on the basis of gas-sensing detection and single-chip control. The monitoring system uses the tin oxide as the main material of N-type semiconductor gas sensors, be- cause it has good sensitive characteristics for the flammable and explosive gas （ such as methane, carbon monoxide）. The QM-N5-semiconductor gas sensor is adopted to detect the output values of the resistance under the different gas con- centrations. The system, designedly, takes the AT89C51 digital chip as the core of the circuit processing hardware structure to analyze and judge the input values of the resistance, and then achieve the control and alarm for going beyond the limit of gas concentration. The gas concentration monitoring system has man）, advantages including simple in struc- ture, fast response time, stable performance and low cost. Thus, it can be widely used to monitor gas concentration and provide early wamings in small and medium-sized coal mines.

SF VECTOR CONTROL SYSTEM WITH TWO SINGLE CHIP MICROPROCESSORS

This paper introduces a SF vector control system of a slip frequency controlled induction mo-tor with simple structure,fair performance and convenient operation.It is realized by two singlechip microprocessors and fed from SPWM-GTR inverter.The whole system is combined by twosubsystems,both of them are 8031 single chip microprocessors.The communication between themis coordinated by the full duplex serial port within the chip and ask-and-answer communicationmanner.The error-corrected means adopted has improved the operation reliability of the system.A series of experimental results on a 3 kW induction motor are given at the end of this paper.

MICROPROCESSOR BASED PHASELOCKED LOOP SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM FOR AC MOTOR

In this paper the authors present an analysis and the implementation of microprocessor-baseddigital phase-locked loop speed control system for an induction motor which is actuated by aSPWM-GTR inverter.The system is controlled by a 16-bit single chip microprocessor.A new type of frequency and phase detector is presented in detail,An adaptive method isadopted in speed controller.A three mode control scheme is used.These techniques are very use-ful to the improvement of the dynamic behavior of digital AC motor drive system.Experimental results show that the system is of good stability,high precision and good dynam-ic performance.

On-line Cache Resizing for Low-Power Microprocessors

We propose a novel scheme, called on-line cache resizing （OCR）, to dynamically resize the cache and meet the size requirement of each application. At each periodic interval, the scheme gathers the cache hit-miss statistics at runtime using an extra tag array. These executing statistics serve as inputs to an analytical model of cache energy. The scheme uses energy as a primary metric to dynamically increase/decrease the number of active cache ways for the next interval. The scheme minimizes the active cache size to save energy with minimal performance loss. The simulation with SPEC 2000 benchmarks shows that OCR results in an average of 38.4% energy saving compared with fixed-size caches, with only 2.0% performance loss.

A High Performance and Energy Efficient Microprocessor with a Novel Restricted Dynamically Reconfigurable Accelerator

In the era of Internet of Things, the battery life of edge devices must be extended for sensing connection to the Internet. We aim to reduce the power consumption of the microprocessor embedded in such devices by using a novel dynamically reconfigurable accelerator. Conventional microprocessors consume a large amount of power for memory access, in registers, and for the control of the processor itself rather than computation;this decreases the energy efficiency. Dynamically reconfigurable accelerators reduce such redundant power by computing in parallel on reconfigurable switches and processing element arrays (often consisting of an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and registers). We propose a novel dynamically reconfigurable accelerator “DYNaSTA” composed of a dynamically reconfigurable data path and static ALU arrays. The static ALU arrays process instructions in parallel without registers and improve energy efficiency. The dynamically reconfigurable data path includes registers and many switches dynamically reconfigured to resolve operand dependencies between instructions mapped on the static ALU array, and forwards appropriate operands to the static ALU array. Therefore, the DYNaSTA accelerator has more flexibility while improving the energy efficiency compared with the conventional dynamically reconfigurable accelerators. We simulated the power consumption of the proposed DYNaSTA accelerator and measured the fabricated chip. As a result, the power consumption was reduced by 69% to 86%, and the energy efficiency improved 4.5 to 13 times compared to a general RISC microprocessor.

Comprehensive Automation of Microprocessor Protection Relay Terminals Operated on AC Railways

The article discusses the possibility of a potential reduction in the number of operations of microprocessor relay protection of feeders of the contact network of AC railways TsZA-27.5-FKS (FTS) for unknown reasons. Real statistics on the number of microprocessor relay protection operations at the Buryatskaya traction substation are presented, simulation of the real train situation (in accordance with the regime maps of the throughput capacity of the sections of the Trans-Baikal railway) was carried out in the specialized software complex “KORTES”. Based on the results of the analysis of simulation modeling, the process of forming a unified template of settings using neural network technologies is considered, which characterizes only this specific regular train situation. To protect objects in the event of pre-emergency and emergency modes of operation of the traction power supply system, a variant of changing the standard operation algorithm of the TsZA-27.5-FKS (FTS) terminal by introducing additional blocks for calculating the predictive functions of current and voltage has been proposed.

UV Wavelength Tunable Output System Controlled by Microprocessor

UV wavelength auto-tuned tuned output system is realized by the difference method. Controlled by the microprocessor, output wavelength auto- tracking is achieved.Besides, equipment self-checking auto-positioning and temperature correct are realized,The wavelength tuned output efficiency in the experiment is better than 97 %.

A Single-Chip UHF RFID Reader Transceiver IC

A single-chip UHF RFID reader transceiver IC has been implemented in 0.18 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The chip includes all transceiver blocks as RX/TX RF front-end, RX/TX analog baseband, frequency synthesizer and I2C with fully-compliant China 800/900 MHz RFID draft, ISO/IEC 18000-6C protocol and ETSI 302 208-1 local regulation. The normal mode receiver in the presence of -3 dBm self-jammer achieves -75 dBm 1% PER sensitivity. The linear class-A PA integrated in transmitter has 25 dBm OP1 dB output power for CW. The fully-integrated fractional-N fre-quency synthesizer is designed based on MASH 1-1-1 sigma-delta modulator and 1.8 GHz fundamental frequency LC-VCO for lower in-band and out-of-band phase noise. The measured phase noise is up to -106 dBc/Hz@200 kHz and -131 dBc/Hz@1 MHz offset from center frequency and the integrated RMS jitter from 10 kHz to 10 MHz is less than 1.6 pS. The chip dissipates 330 mA from 3.3 V power supply when transmitting 22.4 dBm CW signal and the PAE of linear PA is up to 26%. The chip die area is 16.8 mm2.

Digital Filter for Electrocardiogram Preprocessing Based on Microprocessor

This paper proposes a different method to eliminate base wander and power line interference in electrocardiogram, which introduces the integer coefficient filter theory and gives the detail for designing digital filter to remove these two normal noise signals. Signal from the MIT-BIH electrocardiogram database was used to test the performance of the filter. From the test results, the performance of the digital filer is reDT good. The filter coefficient is an integer number, therefore, the filtering algorithm can be successfully implemented on the microprocessor.

Security Vulnerabilities in Microprocessors

Microprocessors such as those found in PCs and smartphones are complex in their design and nature.In recent years,an increasing number of security vulnerabilities have been found within these microprocessors that can leak sensitive user data and information.This report will investigate microarchi­tecture vulnerabilities focusing on the Spectre and Meltdown exploits and will look at what they do,how they do it and,the real-world impact these vulnerabilities can cause.Additionally,there will be an introduction to the basic concepts of how several PC components operate to support this.

用于单片机实验教学的红外激光气体检测仪

为了实现科研反哺教学、促进教学与科研的深度融合,研制了一种基于嵌入式多核处理器和数字信号处理器的实验教学用红外激光气体检测仪。该检测仪包括光学系统和电学系统,其中电学系统包含光谱信息感知模块和嵌入式控制模块。利用研制的检测仪开展了氨制冷冷库现场的泄漏氨气浓度的检测应用。结果表明,与传统气体检测仪相比,该检测仪实现了检测仪的网络化与智能化,而且性能满足实验教学要求。

肌电信号控制的智能小车实验平台设计

肌电信号是人体肌群在运动时产生的一种微弱信号,该信号蕴藏着与运动相关的控制信息源。提出了一种基于肌电信号的智能小车控制系统。该系统由肌电信号采集模块、无线传输模块、小车控制模块和显示模块等组成。整个系统分为主从两部分。主机采用STM32F103ZET6微处理器对肌电信号进行多通道采集,提取所采集信号的特征值。将特征值分为测试集和训练集,并对不同手势信号贴上对应的标签,使用K最近邻(KNN)算法对测试集进行准确度分析以实现对不同手势的识别。识别结果通过无线传输模块发送给从机小车,小车接收到主机发送的内容后进行相应的动作。测试结果表明,所提出的方法在不同时间段信号采集的平均准确率可达91.14%以上,系统具有很好的鲁棒性。

SOI晶体管和电路的瞬时电离辐射效应研究

基于全介质隔离的绝缘硅(Silicon-on-insulator,SOI)器件与体硅器件的瞬时电离辐射效应存在差异,采用1 064 nm/12 ns激光装置开展了三种SOI晶体管的激光辐照试验,测试了不同激光能量下的晶体管光电流;采用脉冲γ射线辐射源开展了SOI集成电路的瞬时γ剂量率辐射试验,测试了不同剂量率条件下的电路功能、电参数和触发器链状态。研究表明:在相同激光能量条件和相同特征尺寸条件下,SOI晶体管的光电流峰值约为体硅晶体管的3.5%;SOI集成电路在1.0×10^(9)~4.2×10^(11) rad(Si)·s^(-1)的试验剂量率范围内无闭锁效应,但存在显著的翻转效应,表现为功能短暂中断、电流和电压波动以及大量触发器状态错误。翻转效应的主要原因包括晶体管本身的翻转和印刷电路板(Printed Circuit Board,PCB)板级电路的电压波动。

The Temperature Intelligence Control System Based on Single Chip-Microprocessor

The paper introduces a temperature control systembased on AT89C51 single-chip-microprocessor, and discussesthe principle , hardware structure, and software design of thissystem in detail.